The Wisdom of Menopause

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The Wisdom of Menopause Page 89

by Christiane Northrup


  126. McEwen, B. S., et al. (1999). Inhibition of dendritic spine induction on hippocampal ca-1 pyramidal neurons by nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist in female rats. Endocrinology, 140, 1044–1047; McEwen, B. S., & Wooley, C. S. (1994). Estradiol and progesterone regulate neuronal structure and synaptic connectivity in adult as well as developing brain. Exper Gerontol, 29, 431–436; Wooley, C. S., & McEwen, B. S. (1993). Roles of estradiol and progesterone in regulation of hippocampal dendritic spine density during the estrous cycle in the rat. J Comp Neurol, 336, 293–306.

  127. Timmerman, D., et al. (1998). A randomized trial on the use of ultrasonography or office hysteroscopy for endometrial assessment in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer who were treated with tamoxifen. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 179, 62–70; Franchi, M., et al. (1999). Endometrial thickness in tamoxifen-treated patients: An independent predictor of endometrial disease. Obstet Gynecol, 93, 1004–1008; Ramonetta, L. M., et al. (1999). Endometrial cancer in polyps associated with tamoxifen use. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 180, 340–341.

  128. Osborne, C. K. (1999). Questions and answers about tamoxifen. In Tamoxifen for the Treatment and Prevention of Breast Cancer. V. Craig, (ed.). Melville, NY. (1995). NSABP halts B-14 trial: No benefit seen beyond 5 years of tamoxifen use. J Nat Cancer Inst, 87, 1829.

  129. Fisher, B. (1998). Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: Report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. J Nat Cancer Inst, 90 (18), 1371–1388.

  130. Gail, M. H., et al. (1989). Projecting individualized probabilities of developing breast cancer for white females who are being examined annually. J Nat Cancer Inst, 81 (24), 1879–1886.

  131. Melnikow, J., et al. (July 24, 2006; epub ahead of print). Chemoprevention: Drug pricing and mortality: The case of tamoxifen. Cancer.

  132. Gandey, A. (2006). Tamoxifen fails to reduce breast cancer risk in most women. Medscape Medical News, July 26, 2006; http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/54157.

  133. Li, C. I., et al. (2009). Adjuvant hormonal therapy for breast cancer and risk of hormone receptor-specific subtypes of contralateral breast cancer. Cancer Res, 69, 6865–6870.

  134. Ninth Annual American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research: Abstract B10. Presented Nov. 11, 2010.

  135. Cuzick, J., et al. (2008). Treatment-emergent endocrine symptoms and the risk of breast cancer recurrence: A retrospective analysis of the ATAC trial. Lancet Oncol, 9, 1143–1148.

  Chapter 14: Living with Heart, Passion, and Joy

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  10. National Center for Health Statistics (1999–2006). Health Data Interactive; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. WISQARS leading causes of death reports.

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  13. HeartMath LLC (May 2009). Return on investment. White paper.

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  20. Stampfer, M., et al. (2000). Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women through diet and lifestyle. N Engl J Med, 343, 16–22.

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  23. Manson, J. E., et al. (1992). The primary prevention of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med, 326 (21), 1406–1416; Mosca, L., et al. (1999). Guide to preventive cardiology for women. AHA/ACC Scientific Statement Consensus panel statement. Circulation, 99 (18), 2480–2484.

  24. Brunzell, J. D., et al. (2008). Lipoprotein management in patients with cardiometabolic risk: Consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Diabetes Care, 31, 811–822.

  25. Kones, R. (2009). The Jupiter study, CRP screening, and aggressive statin therapy—implications for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis, 3, 309–315.

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  27. ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group (2002). Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs. usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). JAMA, 288 (23), 2998–3007.

  28. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group (2002), MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: A randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 360 (9326), 7–22.

  29. Matsuzaki, M., et al. (2002). Large-scale cohort study of the relationship between serum cholesterol concentration and coronary events with lowdose simvastatin therapy in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia. Circ J, 66 (12), 1087–1095.

  30. Newman, C. B., et al. (2003). Safety of atorvastatin derived from analysis of 44 completed trials in 9,416 patients. Am J Cardio, 92 (6), 670–676.

  31. Sever, P. S., et al. (2003). Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial—Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): A multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 361 (9364), 1149–1158.

  32. Jenkins, A. J. (2003). Might money spent on statins be better spent? BMJ, 327 (7420), 933.

  33. Manuel, D. G., et al. (2006). Effectiveness and efficiency of different guidelines on statin treatment for preventing deaths from coronary heart disease: Modelling study. BMJ, 332, 1419.

  34. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4,444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). (1994). Lancet, 344, 1383–1389; Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels: The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group (1998). N Engl J Med, 339, 1349–1357; Downs, J. R., et al. (1998). Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: Results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA, 279, 1615–1622; Dale, K. M., et al. (2007). Impact of gender on statin efficacy. Curr Med Res Opin, 23, 565–574.

  35. Walsh, J. M., & Pignone, M. (2004). Drug treatment of hyperlipidemia in women. JAMA, 291, 2243–2252.

  36. Ulmer, H., et al. (2004). Why Eve is not Adam: Prospective follow-up in 149,650 women and men of cholesterol and other risk factors related to cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. J Womens Health, 13, 41–53.

  37. Tikhonoff, V., et al. (2005). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc, 53, 2159–2164.

  38. Harris, J. I., et al. (2004). Statin treatment alters serum n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in hypercholesterolemic patients. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 71, 263–269.

  39. Maki, K. C., et al. (2010). Baseline lipoprotein lipids and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to prescription omega-3 acid ethyl ester added to simvastatin therapy. Am J Cardiol, 105, 1409–1412; Bays, H. E., et al. (2010). Long-term up to 24-month efficacy and safety of concomitant prescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters and simvastatin in hypertriglyceridemic patients. Curr Med Res Opin, 26, 907–915; Bays, H. E., et al. (2010). Effects of prescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters on non-highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol when coadministered with escalating doses of atorvastatin. Mayo Clin Proc, 85, 122–128; Maki, K. C., et al. (2008); Effects of adding prescription omega-3 acid ethyl esters to simvastatin (20 mg/day) on lipids and lipoprotein particles in men and women with mixed dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiol, 102, 429–433; Davidson, M. H., et al. (2007). Efficacy and tolerability of adding prescription omega-3 fatty acids 4 g/d to simvastatin 40 mg/d in hypertriglyceridemic patients: An 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Ther, 29, 1354–1367; Hong, H., et al. (2004). Effects of simvastatin combined with omega-3 fatty acids on high sensitive C-reactive protein, lipidemia, and fibrinolysis in patients with mixed dyslipidemia. Chin Med Sci J, 19, 145–149; Durrington, P. N., et al. (2001). An omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate administered for one year decreased triglycerides in simvastatin treated patients with coronary heart disease and persisting hypertriglyceridaemia. Heart, 85, 544–548.

  40. Scott, R. S., et al. (1991). Simvastatin and side effects. N Z Med J, 104, 493–495; Wierzbicki, A. S., et al. (1999). Atorvastatin compared with simvastatin-based therapies in the management of severe familial hyperlipidaemias. QJM, 92, 387–394.

  41. Laise, E. (Nov. 2003). The Lipitor dilemma. Smart Money: The Wall Street Journal Magazine of Personal Business, 12 (11), 90–96.

  42. Golomb, B. A., et al. (2007). Physician response to patient reports of adverse drug effects: Implications for patient-targeted adverse effect surveillance. Drug Safety, 30, 669–675.

  43. Gaist, D., et al. (2002). Statins and risk of polyneuropathy: A case-control study. Neurology, 58 (9), 1333–1337.

  44. Schwartz, G. G., et al. (2001). Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: The MIRACL study: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 285 (13), 1711–1718.

  45. King, D. S., et al. (2003). Cognitive impairment associated with atorva-statin and simvastatin. Pharmacotherapy, 23, 1663–1667.

  46. Evans, M. A., & Golomb, B. A. (2009). Statin-associated adverse cognitive effects: Survey results from 171 patients. Pharmacotherapy, 29, 800–811.

  47. Langsjoen, P. H., & Langsjoen, A. M. (2003). The clinical use of HMG CoA-reductase inhibitors and the associated depletion of coenzyme Q10. A review of animal and human publications. Biofactors, 18 (1–4), 101–111.

  48. Tatley, M., & Savage, R. (2007). Psychiatric adverse reactions with statins, fibrates and ezetimibe: Implications for the use of lipid-lowering agents. Drug Safety, 30, 195–201.

  49. Buajordet, I., et al. (1997). Statins—the pattern of adverse effects with emphasis on mental reactions: Data from a national and an international database. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 117, 3210–3213.

  50. Golomb, B. A., et al. (2004). Severe irritability associated with statin cholesterol-lowering drugs. QJM, 97, 229–235.

  51. Suarez, E. C. (1999). Relations of trait depression and anxiety to low lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in healthy young adult women. Psychosom Med, 61 (3), 273–279.

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  53. Folkers, K., et al. (1997). Activities of vitamin Q10 in animal models and a serious deficiency in patients with cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 234 (2), 296–299; Lockwood, K., et al. (1995). Progress on therapy of breast cancer with vitamin Q10 and the regression of metastases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 212 (1), 172–177.

  54. Sinatra, S. (2000). Heart Sense for Women, 108. Washington, D.C.: Lifeline.

  55. Sacks, F. M., et al. (1996). The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators. N Engl J Med, 335 (14), 1001–1009.

  56. Boudreau, D. M., et al. (2004). The association between 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitor use and breast carcinoma risk among postmenopausal women: A case-control study. Cancer, 100 (11), 2308–2316.

  57. Manson, J. E., et al. (1990). A prospective study of obesity and risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med, 332 (13), 882–889.

  58. Wu, T., et al. (2000). Periodontal disease and risk of cerebrovascular disease: The first national health and nutrition examination survey and its follow-up study. Arch Intern Med, 160 (18), 2749–2755; Hujoel, P. P., et al. (2000). Periodontal disease and coronary heart disease risk. JAMA, 284 (11), 1406–1410.

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  61. Berenson, G. S., et al. (1998). Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. N Engl J Med, 338, 1650–1656.

  62. Mann, D. (May 2, 1996). Job stress can cause fatal MI. Medical Tribune, Primary Care Edition, 21; Suadicani, P., Hein, H. O., & Gyntelberg, F. (1993). Are social inequalities as associated with the risk of ischaemic heart disease a result of psychosocial working conditions? Atherosclerosis, 101 (2), 165–175; Legault, S. E., et al. (1995). Pathophysiology and time course of silent myocardial ischemia during mental stress: Clinical, anatomical, and physiological correlates. Br Heart J, 73, 242–249; Kaplan, G. A., &Keil, J. E. (1993). Socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular disease: A review of the literature. Circulation, 88, 1973–1998.

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