Barbary States (i)
Barrington, Jonah
on the birth of the Irish nation (i)
on the defence of Ireland (i)
and the Dungannon resolutions (i)
experience of the 1798 rebellion (i)
as a member of the Protestant Ascendancy (i), (ii)
parallels between Ireland and America (i)
and the Volunteers (i), (ii), (iii)
Barrington, Samuel (i)
Barrow, John
on British trade in Southeast Asia (i)
career of (i)
diplomatic mission to China (i), (ii), (iii)
on Dutch Batavia (i), (ii), (iii)
on the fate of the Resolution (i)
on the French nation (i)
on Rio de Janeiro (i)
on the slave trade (i)
Bastidas, Micaela
attitude towards the imperial authorities (i)
capture and interrogation of (i)
execution of (i), (ii)
familial background (i)
leadership role in the rebellion (i)
letter of encouragement to Condorcanqui (i)
marriage to Condorcanqui (i)
rebellion by (i)
role in the execution of Antonio Arriaga (i)
Battle of the Diamond (i)
Battle of Trafalgar (i)
Battle of Ushant (i), (ii)
Bautista, Juan (i)
Beccaria, Cesare (i), (ii)
Bellman, Carl Michael (i)
Beltrán, Manuela (i), (ii)
Bennelong
and the burial of Yemmerrawannie (i)
capture of (i)
death of (i)
depressed state of (i)
escape of (i)
involvement in the attack on Governor Phillip (i), (ii)
knowledge of Arabanoo (i)
as native informant (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
reception in Britain (i)
return of Eora stolen goods (i)
return to Australia (i), (ii)
return to the Eora people (i)
at the trial of Warren Hastings (i), (ii)
Bentham, Jeremy (i), (ii)
Bolea, Pedro Pablo Abarca de (i)
Bolívar, Simón (i)
Bonvouloir, Julien-Alexandre Achard de (i)
Boorong (i)
Boston Massacre (i)
Brazil (i)
British Empire
the American War as a critique of imperialism (i), (ii), (iii)
authoritarian counter-revolutions (i), (ii)
cost of the Atlantic territories (i), (ii), (iii)
desire for free trade colonies in Africa (i), (ii)
emergence of and the American War (i), (ii), (iii)
and growing nationalism (i)
ideological justifications for (i)
imperialist expansion via the Sierra Leone Colony (i)
new moral foundation for (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
opportunities for personal advancement (i)
plight of the post-revolution Black Poor (i)
post-war free trade basis for (i), (ii), (iii)
use of hulk prison ships (i)
Brown, William (i)
Buckinghamshire, John Hobart, 2nd Earl of (i), (ii), (iii)
Bunker’s Hill Defenders (i), (ii)
Burgh, Walter Hussey (i), (ii), (iii)
Burke, Edmund
on Britain’s India problem (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
customs reforms (i)
port security bill (i)
support for reforms (i)
trial of Warren Hastings (i)
Burke, Samuel (i)
Burney, Fanny (i)
Burnum, Burnum (i)
Bussy, Charles Joseph Patissier de (i), (ii)
Cabrera, Fernando (i)
Caesar, John (i), (ii)
Campbell, Duncan (i), (ii)
Campbell, Sir William (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Cape Colony (i), (ii)
Cape Verde Islands (i), (ii)
capital punishment
in Australia’s penal colony (i)
execution of Antonio Arriaga (i)
execution of David Tyrie (i)
execution of Edward Despard (i)
execution of François Henri de la Motte (i), (ii), (iii)
execution of Gordon Rioters (i)
execution of highwaymen (i)
execution of John Aitken (i)
execution of Micaela Bastidas (i), (ii)
execution of Tupac Amaru II (i)
triple tree of Tyburn (i), (ii), (iii)
Caribbean
American privateers actions in (i), (ii)
Battle of the Saintes (i)
British interests in (i), (ii), (iii)
British invasion of Nicaragua (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Danish West Indies trade (i)
French possessions in (i)
French–British war in (i)
impact of the American War on (i)
living conditions in (i)
Nelson’s first experiences of (i), (ii)
Nelson’s recuperation in (i)
re-enslavement of black refugees in (i)
slave trade in (i), (ii)
Spanish threat to British interests (i), (ii)
Swedish West Indies trade (i)
US–West Indies trade (i)
West Indies plantation economy (i)
see also Jamaica
Carleton, Sir Guy (i), (ii)
Carlisle, Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of (i), (ii)
Carlos III (i), (ii)
Cathcart, Charles (i)
Catherine the Great
alliance with Austria (i), (ii)
armed support for Sahin Giray (i)
as autocratic monarch (i)
expansionist aims of (i)
interest in America (i)
as leader of the League of Armed Neutrality (i)
modernisation programme (i)
preparations for the next Ottoman war (i)
rise to power (i)
triumphal progression through Crimea (i)
see also Russia
Catholic Relief Act (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Catholicism
anti-Catholic paranoia in Britain (i), (ii), (iii)
Catholic support for the Volunteer movement (i), (ii), (iii)
defence of indigenous peoples (i), (ii)
Irish Catholics (i), (ii), (iii)
Mangalorean Catholics, persecution under Tipu Sultan (i)
Charlemont, James Caulfeild, 1st Earl of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Chatham naval station (i)
China
border security (i), (ii)
Britain’s trade deficit with (i)
British diplomatic delegation to (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
British trade with (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Chinese community in Batavia (i), (ii)
demand for opium (i), (ii)
European missionaries in Beijing (i)
failure of the British embassy to (i), (ii)
India–China–Britain triangle trade in opium (i), (ii)
journey to by the diplomatic mission (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Qing dynasty (i), (ii), (iii)
trade relations with America, post-war (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
see also Macartney, Lord George; Qianlong Emperor
Clarkson, John
abolitionist views (i)
as an agent for the Sierra Leone Company (i), (ii)
on the aims of the Sierra Leone Company (i)
on the Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor (i)
governorship of the Sierra Leone Colony (i), (ii)
publicity campaign (i)
support for free trade as an alternative to the slave trade (i)
Clinton, Sir Henry (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Clive, Robert (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Coleridge, Samuel Taylo
r (i)
Collins, David (i), (ii)
Colquhoun, Patrick (i)
Comanche Empire (i)
Committee for the Abolition of the African Slave Trade (i)
Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor (i)
Condorcanqui, José Gabriel
capture (i)
execution of (i)
Inca heritage (i), (ii)
knowledge of European radicalism (i)
mita system (i)
rebellion by (i), (ii), (iii)
resistance to the Bourbon reforms (i), (ii)
see also Tupac Amaru II
Conway Cabal (i), (ii)
Cook, Captain James (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Coote, Sir Eyre (i), (ii)
Cornwallis, Charles, 1st Marquess
command of British forces in the South (i)
the Cornwallis Code (i)
as governor-general of British forces in India (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
as Lord Lieutenant in Ireland (i), (ii)
praise for Cubah Cornwallis (i)
surrender at Yorktown (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Third Anglo-Mysore War (i)
Cornwallis, Cubah (i), (ii)
Cornwallis, William (i), (ii)
crime
criminal activities by demobbed soldiers (i)
French espionage conspiracy (i)
highwaymen (i), (ii)
increased crime rates in Britain (i), (ii)
public moral panic over (i)
see also capital punishment; prison system; smuggling trade
Crimea
Catherine’s triumphal progression through (i)
Christian settlers in (i), (ii)
history of the khanate (i)
international responses to Russian annexation of (i), (ii)
Muslim population of (i)
naval access to the Black Sea from (i), (ii), (iii)
post facto justification for the Russian annexation of (i)
rebellion against Sahin Giray (i), (ii), (iii)
relations with Russia (i), (ii)
relations with the Ottoman Empire (i)
Russian annexation of (i), (ii), (iii)
criminal justice system
aftermath of the Gordon Riots (i)
American sailors held as criminals (i)
capital punishment (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
crime waves, post-war situations (i)
Criminal Law Act (i)
double jeopardy (i)
Habeas Corpus Act (i), (ii)
legislation to counter radicalism (i)
penalties for smugglers (i)
professional police force (i)
riots against, summer 1780 (i), (ii), (iii)
stricter penalties during the war years (i)
suspension of habeas corpus (i), (ii)
transition from public, participatory system (i)
workhouses (i)
see also capital punishment; prison system; transportation
Dalling, John (i), (ii), (iii)
Dana, Edmund (i)
Dana, Francis
as American agent in St. Petersburg (i), (ii), (iii)
on the Committee of Inquiry into Washington (i)
distrust of the French (i)
in Europe (i)
John Quincy Adams as secretary to (i), (ii)
journey to Russia (i), (ii)
mission in London (i)
reception in St. Petersburg (i), (ii), (iii)
response to Russian annexation of Crimea (i), (ii)
status of American privateers in the League of Armed Neutrality (i)
Dana, Richard (i)
Davenant, Charles (i)
Dawes, William (i), (ii), (iii)
d’Ayssa, Juan (i), (ii)
Deane, Silas (i), (ii), (iii)
Declaration of Independence (i), (ii)
Denmark
invasion of Sweden (i)
opinion of the American War (i)
relations with Russia (i)
trade benefits during the American War (i), (ii)
West Indies trade (i)
see also League of Armed Neutrality
Despard, Catherine (i), (ii)
Despard, Edward
attack on the San Juan River (i)
career (i)
execution of (i)
Horatio Nelson’s testimony at the trial of (i)
in Nicaragua (i)
radical politics of (i)
time in prison (i)
Dickens, Charles (i)
diplomacy
American isolationist policy (i)
Britain’s ambassador to Russia (i)
British diplomatic delegation to China (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
early American diplomacy (i), (ii), (iii)
Drake, Sir Francis (i)
Dundas, Henry (i), (ii)
Dunmore, John Murray, 4th Earl of (i), (ii), (iii)
Dutch Batavia (i), (ii)
Dutch East India Company (VOC) (i), (ii)
East India Company (EIC)
anti-corruption measures (i)
Bengal famine (i)
Board of Control (i)
British political class, legislation against (i)
concerns over the role of (i), (ii), (iii)
conflict and territorial expansion (i)
conflict with the Kingdom of Mysore (i)
demands for payments from native states (i), (ii)
fiscal pressures on (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
fiscal-military centralization strategies (i), (ii)
India Act (i), (ii)
legal system reforms (i)
opium monopoly (i)
orientalist strategies under Hastings (i), (ii), (iii)
Permanent Settlement revenue system in (i), (ii)
power of (i), (ii)
rebellion of Benares (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
recruitment through transportation (i)
restructuring of (i)
rule in Bengal (i)
shortage of manpower for (i)
tea monopoly (i)
territorial expansion, doubts over (i), (ii)
trade with China (i), (ii), (iii)
transition from Company to government administration (i), (ii)
unscrupulous recruitment to (i)
weak finances of (i), (ii)
see also Hastings, Warren
East India Company (EIC) army
First Anglo-Maratha War (i), (ii)
Indian soldiers in (i)
rental of troops by native states (i)
Third Anglo-Mysore War (i), (ii), (iii)
use of criminal recruits (i)
Eden, William (i), (ii)
Egypt (i)
Emmet, Robert (i)
Eora, the
Arabanoo (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
British perceptions of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
clans within (i)
convict raids on Eora settlements (i)
the Eora and the colonists (i)
expanding British settlements (i)
factional fighting within (i)
kidnapping of by the British (i), (ii)
killing of McEntire (i)
Port Jackson settlement (i)
relations with the British (i), (ii)
smallpox epidemic (i)
stolen property from (i)
see also Bennelong; Yemmerrawannie
Equiano, Olaudah (i), (ii), (iii)
espionage
Filippo Mazzei (i)
François Henri de la Motte (i), (ii), (iii)
surveillance of the Romantic poets (i)
Faroe Islands (i)
Fawkes, Guy (i)
Fay, Anthony (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Fay, Eliza
in British Calcutta (i)
at Calicut, Malabar Coast (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
escape from Calicut (i), (ii)
journey to India (i),
(ii)
return to Britain (i)
on William Ayers (i)
Fielding, Henry (i), (ii)
Fielding, Sir John (i)
Finland (i), (ii)
Fitzgerald, Lord Edward (i), (ii)
Flint, James (i)
Flood, Henry
concerns over British commitment to Irish independence (i)
desire for parliamentary reform (i), (ii)
disagreement with Henry Grattan (i)
on Irish soldiers in America (i)
as leader of the Irish Patriot Party (i)
as a reformer (i)
stance on Catholic emancipation (i)
Fox, Charles James (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
France
alliance with America (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
British fear of French conspiracies (i), (ii)
Caribbean possessions (i)
Carnatic Wars (i), (ii)
criminal justice system (i)
enmity with Britain (i)
financial cost of the American War (i), (ii), (iii)
Franco-Spanish alliance against the British (i), (ii), (iii)
free trade agreement with Britain (i)
French–British war in the Caribbean (i)
imperial interests in Southeast Asia (i), (ii), (iii)
in India (i)
intelligence on the British navy (i), (ii)
interests in the Caribbean (i)
interests in Vietnam (i), (ii)
Irish fears of an invasion by (i), (ii)
Kingdom of Mysore’s appeal for help from (i), (ii), (iii)
naval forces (i)
navy movements (i)
objections to Russian annexation of Crimea (i)
potential attack on Calcutta (i), (ii)
professional police force (i)
reaction to the League of Armed Neutrality (i)
relations with the Ottoman Empire (i)
rumoured French invasion of Jamaica (i), (ii)
support for the United Irishmen (i)
threat of invasion of Britain (i)
trade relations with America post-war (i)
volunteers for the American army (i)
war against Britain (i), (ii)
Francis, Philip (i), (ii)
Franklin, Benjamin
as America’s representative in Europe (i)
fame in France (i)
friendship with Filippo Mazzei (i)
friendship with Richard Price (i), (ii)
inspiration for Finnish independence (i)
on London (i)
on penal transportation (i), (ii)
possible Franco-American alliance (i)
recruitment of Edward Bancroft as a spy (i)
status of American privateers in the League of Armed Neutrality (i)
Frederick George III (i)
Frederick II of Hesse (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Frederick of Prussia (i)
Frederick the Great (i), (ii)
French empire (i), (ii), (iii)
French Revolution (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Freneau, Philip (i), (ii)
Gálvez, Bernardo de (i), (ii)
Gálvez, José de (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
To Begin the World Over Again Page 67
