Buryakov and, 330, 331
Chapman and, 206, 256–57
(Hillary) Clinton and, 220
crisis caused by capture of illegals, 306, 308, 323
cyber attacks by, 348, 350, 365
debriefing of illegals by, 302–3
demoralization in, 76
FBI unit for tracking, 93–94
FBI wiring of rezidentura, 332
Hanssen and, 78
moles of (see moles)
Murphys and, 214, 216, 218–20
New York offices, 73
Obama and, 216, 217
Poteyev and, 205, 247, 257, 317, 322
St. Petersburg University and, 328
task of, 22
traumatic shift in, 45
in UK, 141
Vienna spy swap and, 275–80, 286
Sword and Shield (television program), 303
Syria, 344, 350
talent spotting. See spotting
targeting packages, 123
TDY travelers, 391
Tenet, George, 115, 135, 411n
Tennessee GOP (Twitter account), 359
Terminator, The (film), 246
terrorism, 135–36, 162. See also counterterrorism; 9/11
thin cover, 137
Third Man, The (Greene), 294
Tinker Tailor novels (le Carré), 54, 56
tombstoning, 25, 322
Tomsk State University, 27
Tonight Show, The (television program), 3
Torshin, Alexander, 371–72, 373, 374
tradecraft, 11, 32, 100, 103, 194, 209, 229, 361, 376, 379, 391, 394
translator project, 355
Trash Cover, 97
Traveling Illegals, 182, 189, 418n
Tretyakov, Sergei, 74, 304–6
Trotsky, Leon, 110, 318
Trubnikov, Vyacheslav, 49–50
True Name Illegals, 134, 138, 211, 330, 418n
Trump, Donald, 363, 367, 368, 369–70, 371
truth drugs, 37
Tunisia, 341
Tupac Amaru, 85
Turkmenistan, 338
Turla (code name), 347
TV5Monde, 348–50
Twitter, 245, 349, 355, 358, 359, 361, 364, 371
“Twitter and Facebook Revolutions,” 341
Ukraine, 178, 179, 304, 340, 344, 347, 350, 355, 360
United Kingdom, 73, 323. See also MI5; MI6
response to Litvinenko’s murder, 162–65
RT in, 344
Russian money in, 139–41, 164–67
United Muslims of America (Facebook page), 359
United Nations (UN), 28, 69, 71–72, 73, 74, 184, 304, 390
United Nations Security Council, 239, 338
United Rusia (One Russia), 316, 372
universities, spotting and recruitment at, 218
University of Washington, 186
US-Canada Institute, 112
Valdai Group, 337–38
Vasenkov, Mikhail A. “Juan Lazaro,” 85–90, 100, 130–31, 282–83, 309
arrest of, 270
communication techniques of, 88–90
employment of, 87–88
move to Peru, 315
Peruvian citizenship of, 86
political views of, 88
retirement of, 130
source of false identity, 86
statement to FBI, 281
surveillance of, 88
as a US legal resident, 87
Vienna spy swap and, 284, 285, 289, 290
Vasilenko, Gennady, 116, 117, 279, 286–87, 288, 293–94, 297, 299–300
Vavilov, Alexander (new name of Alex Foley), 313
Vavilov, Timofey (new name of Timothy Foley), 313
Vavilova, Elena “Ann Foley,” 23–24, 29–32, 33, 35–39, 41–44, 47, 61–68, 71, 92, 96, 104, 188, 223–28, 288
adjusting to return to Russia, 308–9
arrest of, 263–65
arrival in America, 66
arrival in Canada, 41–42
background of, 29
building of cover, 42–43
Catholic church joined by, 61–62
contacts with family, 62–63
division of labor with husband, 125–26
employment of (Russia), 310
employment of (US), 43, 125
hearing and detainment of, 283–84
info tasks and, 127
on life as an illegal, 311–12, 396, 398
on meeting with Putin, 303
mission of, 66
motives for becoming a spy, 30–31
in Paris, 64
photos retained by, 38, 84
Poteyev and, 175, 317
recruitment of, 30
Russian never spoken by, 64
in solitary confinement, 282
source of false identity, 25
surveillance of, 67–68, 104
training of, 32, 209
trip to Moscow planned, 223
Vienna spy swap and, 294, 296, 297
weddings of, 31–32
Vienna spy swap, 1–3, 5–6, 20, 56, 116, 304, 385–86, 390
American illegals informed of, 282–84
arrangements and negotiations for, 275–91
implementation of, 293–300
proposed, 244
Russia-based spies informed of, 286–88
Virtual Private Networks, 359
Vnesheconombank (VEB), 330
Vympel, 71
walk-ins, 78
Wall Street Journal, 300
Washington Post, 113
Washington State, 186
“Where Does the Motherland Come From” (song), 303
WikiLeaks, 365, 377
William, Prince, 142
Woods, the. See Moscow Center
Woolcocks, Patrick, 181–82
World Affairs Council, 211
World War II, 30–31, 33–34, 70, 175
Wynne, Greville, 279
Yakovlev, Sergei “Antonio de Jesus Amurett Graf,” 234
Yasenevo, 107
Yeltsin, Boris, 13, 17, 65, 109–10
Younger, Alex, 385
Young Guard of United Russia, 316, 372
YouTube, 326, 355, 358
Zaporozhsky, Alexander, 114–16, 118
arrest and sentence of, 115–16
background of, 56–57
code name (Max), 57, 405n
moves to America, 114
Vienna spy swap and, 279, 285, 287, 288, 293–94, 297–98, 299–300
Zatuliveter, Ekaterina, 327–29
Zenit teams, 70–71
Zhenya. See Buryakov, Evgeny
Zhomov, Alexander “Sasha” (PROLOGUE), 51–55, 58–59, 114, 118, 171, 179, 233, 279
mythic status of, 54
reaction to arrest of illegals, 285–86
Vienna spy swap and, 53, 287, 293, 297–98
Zaporozhsky takedown and, 115
Zottoli, Michael, 186. See also Kutsik, Mikhail
Photo Section
A rare photograph of Alexander Poteyev, one of the most important spies of the modern era, seen here as part of a special forces team in Afghanistan in the early 1980s (standing, third from the left). He was the key source on Operation Ghost Stories. Origin unknown
Potoyev worked for the KGB and then its successor, the SVR, and was later recruited by US intelligence. Origin unknown
The spy swap at the Vienna airport on July 9, 2010, with the Russian plane in the foreground and the American plane in the background. Matthias Schrader/AP/Shutterstock
The statue of Felix Dzerzhinsky being toppled outside KGB headquarters during the August 1991 coup in Moscow. Roberto Koch/Contrasto Image Eyevine
Robert Hanssen, the FBI agent who spied for Soviet and then Russian intelligence services. FBI
Aldrich Ames, the CIA officer who betrayed vital secrets from the agency’s “Russia House” to his new friends in Moscow. FBI
President Obama convenes a meeting of senior national security staff in the White House
Situation Room in October 2009. Official White House Photo by Pete Souza
Leon Panetta at CIA headquarters soon after becoming director in 2009. CIA
Presidents Obama and Medvedev enjoy a burger in Arlington, Virginia, on June 24, 2010, at the height of the “Russian reset.” Three days later, the Russian illegals were arrested. Official White House Photo by Pete Souza
Milt Bearden, who ran the CIA’s Soviet and Eastern Europe division at the end of the Cold War, pictured outside the Lubyanka KGB headquarters. Courtesy Milt Bearden
Alexander Zaporozhsky, the former KGB and SVR officer who provided vital information to the CIA, pictured here at his trial in Russia, 2004. He would be swapped in 2010 and travel back to the West. ITAR-TASS News Agency/Alamy Stock Photo
Michael Sulick, a Russia specialist who rose to become head of the CIA’s clandestine service at the time of the 2010 swap. CIA
A playful picture of Alexander “Sasha” Zhomov, the legendary KGB and FSB officer who led operations against the United States for decades. Courtesy Milt Bearden
Yasenevo, headquarters of the KGB’s First Chief Directorate and later the SVR, and home to Directorate S, which ran the “deep-cover illegals.” SVR
Yuri Drozdov, the former illegal who ran Directorate S in the closing decade of the Cold War. Zuma/Eyevine
Vladimir Putin’s employment ID while he was working with East Germany’s Stasi spy service, dating from the late 1980s, when he was a young KGB officer. BStU
The illegal Donald Heathfield, aka Andrey Bezrukov, after his arrest in June 2010. US Marshals Service
An FBI surveillance picture of Ann Foley—real name Elena Vavilova—at her husband Donald Heathfield’s graduation from Harvard in 2000. FBI
Donald Heathfield with his two sons, Timothy and Alex, in 1999. Courtesy Alex Foley
Ann Foley with her son Timothy at the Toronto Zoo. Courtesy Alex Foley
Brothers Alex and Timothy Foley in Bangkok in 2011, after their parents were revealed as Russian spies. Courtesy Alex Foley
The illegals Richard and Cynthia Murphy at home with their daughters. Origin unknown
Cynthia Murphy’s passport. FBI
Cynthia Murphy after her arrest in 2010. US Marshals Service
Cynthia Murphy’s Columbia University identity card. One of her tasks was spotting students who might later join the US intelligence community and become Russian targets. FBI
Richard Murphy (left) and Mikhail Semenko (right) after their arrests in June 2010. US Marshals Service
Richard Murphy’s notebook with the code to activate the secret steganography system used to communicate with Moscow Center. FBI
The checkerboard code Juan Lazaro used to send messages to the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service. FBI
Christopher Metsos, the Russian spy who looked after the American-based illegals, seen here in July 2010 at the time of his arrest in Cyprus. Unfortunately, he would soon escape. FBI
Metsos used multiple identities during his time as a Special Reserve Officer of Directorate S. The date and locale of this photograph are not known. FBI
Another image of Metsos, this time in America, taken by FBI undercover surveillance in Brooklyn, New York. FBI
Christopher Metsos is caught by a covert camera in 2004 carrying out a brush pass, picking up money from a Russian official in a New York subway station. He would then give it to illegals working in the US. FBI
The marker left as a signal by Metsos in Wurtsboro, New York, where he buried money for the illegals. FBI
An FBI surveillance photograph of Richard Murphy meeting with Christopher Metsos in Queens, New York. FBI
The two illegals Michael Zottoli (left) and Richard Murphy (right) caught by FBI surveillance video, meeting on a Brooklyn, New York, street. FBI
Zottoli and Murphy talk in a café, not aware that FBI agent Maria Ricci is seated next to them. FBI
FBI surveillance video image of Murphy (left) and Zottoli (right) meeting June 20, 2004. FBI
Zottoli after his arrest in 2010. He and his wife had been based on the West Coast but later moved east. US Marshals Service
A college identity card belonging to the veteran illegal Juan Lazaro. He was retired when he was arrested. FBI
Anna Chapman back in Russia after the 2010 swap. WENN Rights Ltd/Alamy Stock Photo
Anna Chapman in Manhattan before her arrest. Polaris/Eyevine
An FBI surveillance image of Anna Chapman on the street in New York. FBI
Former FSB officer Alexander Litvinenko and his wife, Marina. Courtesy Marina Litvinenko
Litvinenko in the hospital after he had been poisoned with radioactive polonium in a teapot in London. Natasja Weitsz/Getty Images
Vicky Pelaez after her 2010 arrest. She maintained she had not known that her husband, Juan Lazaro, was a Russian illegal. US Marshals Service
An image of Sergei Skripal as a young officer. After joining the Soviet military intelligence service, the GRU, he was recruited as an agent for Britain’s MI6. Courtesy friends of Skripal
Skripal with his family in the mid-1980s. He is holding his daughter, Yulia, who would be poisoned along with him in Salisbury in the UK. Courtesy friends of Skripal
Maria Butina, a Russian alleged to have run back-channel communications to American political figures for Moscow. She has denied being a spy. Polaris/Eyevine
About the Author
GORDON CORERA has been the BBC’s security correspondent since 2004. He has reported from London, Moscow, and Washington, and is the only journalist to have interviewed serving heads of both the CIA and MI6. He has covered firsthand many of the central episodes in the spy wars between the three countries and has unparalleled insight into the workings of all sides. He is the author of several books including The Art of Betrayal: The Secret History of MI6 and has contributed to a number of important BBC documentary series about MI6, the CIA, and Russia.
Discover great authors, exclusive offers, and more at hc.com.
Also by Gordon Corera
Operation Columba
Cyberspies
The Art of Betrayal
Shopping for Bombs
Copyright
RUSSIANS AMONG US. Copyright © 2020 by Gordon Corera. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
Cover design by Ploy Siripant
Cover photograph © Paul Gooney/Arcangel
FIRST EDITION
Digital Edition FEBRUARY 2020 ISBN: 978-0-06-288943-0
Version 01072020
Print ISBN: 978-0-06-288941-6
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