by Kim Ghattas
Rushdie fatwa and
Saudi Arabia and
Shariatmadari and
Sunnis and
Syria and
US and
US hostage crisis and
wilayat vision of
Khomeini, Mostafa
Khoury, Elias
khums (tax)
Khyber Pass
Kierkegaard, Søren
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
King Fahd Holy Quran Printing Complex
King Faisal International Award
King Faisal mosque (Islamabad)
Kipling, Rudyard
Kishk, Abd al-Hamid
Kissinger, Henry
Kiyan
Kolahdouz, Yousef
Koppel, Ted
Kulthum, Umm
Kurds
Kushner Jared
Kuwait
Iraqi invasion of 1990–91
Laden, Osama bin
Lashkar-e Jhangvi
Lebanon
Christians in
civil war in
Hezbollah and
Iran and
Iran-Iraq War and
Israel and
Israel occupation of 1982–85 and
October 2019 protests
Palestinians and
Saudi Arabia and
Shia and
Sunnis and
Syria and
US barrack bombings and
Leila (film)
Le Monde
Lewis, Bernard
Liberation Movement of Iran (LMI)
Libya
uprising of 2011
Likud party (Israel)
“Lil Watan” (song)
Lotus
Mabus, Raymond E., Jr
madrassas
Magi’s Turn Has Come (Surur)
Mahallawi, Sheikh Ahmad al-
Mahdi army
Mahdi (Hidden Imam)
Mahfouz, Naguib
Maktab al-Khadamat (Services Bureau)
Maliki, Mohammad Alawi al-
Maliki, Nuri
Mallet du Pan, Jacques
Mandela, Nelson
Mane’a, Aisha al-
Maqdissi, Abu Muhammad al- (Issam Berqawi)
Marighella, Carlos
marja’a taqlid (object of emulation)
Marx, Karl
Marxists
Marzieh
Maugham, W. Somerset
Mawdudi, Abu A’la al-
Mecca
caliphate and
Iran and
Iranian hajj crisis of 1987
modernization of
pilgrimage of 1979
religious police crackdown of 1980
Saudi control of
siege of Holy Mosque of 1979
Medina
siege of 1979 and
Medina University
Meir, Golda
Mesopotamia
Migrant Birds (film)
Milestones (Mawdudi)
Millett, Kate
Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla (Marighella)
Miró, Joan
Mohammad bin Nayef, prince of Saudi Arabia
Mohammad bin Salman (MbS), crown prince of Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, shah of Iran
Mohaydali, Sana
Mohtashamipur, Ali-Akbar
Mokhtar, Mahmoud
Momand, Farid Gul
Montazeri, Mohammad “Ringo”
Moore, Henry
Morocco
Morsi, Mohammad
Mossad
Mossadegh, Mohammad
Mosul
“Motto to the Svendborg Poems” (Brecht)
Mousavi, Mir-Hossein
Movement of the Disinherited
Mrouweh, Hussein
Mu’atham, Abdelaziz
Mubarak, Hosni
Mueller, Robert
Mughal Empire
Mughniyeh, Imad
Muhammad
Muhammad ibn Saud
mujahedeen
Muslim Arab Youth Association
Muslim Brotherhood
Egypt and
Iran and
Saudi Arabia and
Syria and
Mussawi, Sayyed Abbas
Mu’tazilah movement
Muwahidoun
Nabataeans
Nabatiyyeh, Lebanon
Nada, Youssef
Najaf
Najd, Saudi Arabia
Naji, Ahmed
Nakba
Nasrallah, Hassan
Nasser, Gamal Abdel
National Democratic Party (Egypt)
National Front (Iran)
NATO
Nayef bin Abdelaziz, prince of Saudi Arabia
Neauphle-le-Château, France
Neglected Duty (Farag)
Negm, Ahmad Fouad
New York Herald
New York Times
Nimr, Sheikh Nimr al-
Nineveh
Nixon, Richard
Nizam-i-Islam
Nobel Prize
Nogaidan, Mansour al-
Non-Aligned Movement
North Korea
Nuwas, Abu
Obama, Barack
Occupied Territories
Office for Liberation Movements
O’Hara, John
oil
Okaz
Omar Khayyam
Open Letter (Hezbollah)
Organization for Hajj Endowments
Organization of Islamic Cooperation
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Otaibi, Juhayman al-
Othman ibn Affan, caliph
Ottoman Empire
Ovadia, Ibrahim
Pahlavi, Reza
Pakistan
Afghan-Soviet war and
apostasy and
constitution of 1956
coup of 1977
death of Zia and
elections of 1970
elections of 1985
elections of 1988
Iran and
Lebanon and
Mawdudi and
Mecca siege and
Saudis and
Sunnis and
Palestine
Palestinian Affairs
Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
Palestinians
First Intifada
Panama
pan-Arab nationalism
Paris Match
Pashtuns
Pax Syriana
Peace Corps
Peace for Galilee, Operation
People’s Party of Pakistan
Persia
Peshawar
Peshawar Seven
Philippines
Pickering, Samuel, Jr.
Plato
Popular Islamic Conference (PICO)
Popular Mobilization Force (PMF)
Powell, Colin
Prophet’s Mosque of Medina
Punjab
Putin, Vladimir
Qabbani, Nizar
Qadisiyya, Battle of al-
Qadri, Mumtaz
Qahtani, Mohammad ibn Abdallah al-
Qahtani, Saud al-
Qajar dynasty
Qatar
Qom
Quatrains (Omar Kayyam)
Quincy, USS
Quran
Qusayr, battle of
Qutb, Mohammad
Qutb, Sayyid
Qutbist Wahhabism
Radd al-Muhtar ala ad-Dur al-Mukhtar (ibn Abidin)
Radio Tehran
Rafsanjani, Akbar Hashemi
Ramadan
Raqqa
Rashdi, Akbar
Rashdi, Mehtab Channa
Rationalism in Exegesis (Zeid)
Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Reagan, Ronald
Red Crescent
Red Shiism
Republic (Plato)
Requiem for a Nun (Faulkner)
Revolutionary Islam
Reza Shah Pahlavi, shah of Iran
Rightly Guided Caliphs
River of Ashes (Hawi)
Riyadh
bombing of 1995
bombing of 2003–4
Ritz-Carlton prisoners
Roman Inquisition
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
Rotana TV
Rouhani, Hassan
Rumi
Rushdie, Salman
Russia, post-Soviet. See also Soviet Union
Saadawi, Nawal al-
Sadat, Anwar
Sadat, Jehane
Sadr, Amina bint al-Huda al-
Sadr, Mohammad Baqer al-
Sadr, Moqtada al-
Sadr, Musa
Safari Club
Safavi, Navvab
Safavid empire
Saghieh, Hazem
Sahara
sahwa (Islamic awakening)
Sa’id, Nasser al-
Saladin
Salafist
al-salaf al-saleh and
Saleh, Yassin al-Haj
Salman, king of Saudi Arabia
salwar
Samarra
Sarout, Abdul-Baset al-
Sartre, Jean-Paul
Satanic Verses, The (Rushdie)
Saud, House of
Saud, king of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Airlines
Saudi Arabia
Afghanistan and
Afghan-Soviet war and
bombings in
Bosnia and
charities
Christians and
early history of
Egypt and
foreigners’ compounds and
future of
hajj crisis of 1987
Holy Mosque siege and
Iran détente and
Iran-Iraq War and
Iran rivalry and
Iraq and
Iraq invasion of Kuwait and
ISIS and
Islamists and
Israel and
Khashoggi and
Lebanon and
Mawdudi and
MbS rise and
modernism and
9/11 and
oil and
Pakistan and
Palestinians and
Rushdie and
shura council and
Syria and
uprisings in
US and
US-Iraq War of 2003 and
women driving protests of 1990
Yemen and
Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority
Saudi Communist Party
Saudi Council of Senior Ulama
Saudi National Guard
SAVAK
Sayyeda Zaynab shrine
Sazegara, Mohsen
Schwarzkopf, Norman
Sepah-e Sahaba Pakistan (SSP)
September 11, 2001, attacks (9/11)
Sexual Politics (Millett)
Shafie, Hassan al-
Shafi’i Islam
Shaheen, Abdel Sabour
shari’a (Islamic) law
Shias and
Sunnis and
Shariati, Ali
Shariatmadari, Kazem
Sharif, Nawaz
Shehata, Hassan
Sheppey (Maugham)
Shias Rebel Against Islam
Shias’ Revolt Against the Quran
Shultz, George P.
Sikhs
Sinai
Sinatra, Frank
Sindhi television
Sissi, Abdel Fattah
Sistani, Ali
Six-Day War (1967)
Skylab space station
socialists
Somalia
Soroush, Abdolkarim
Sotoudeh, Nasrin
South Africa
Soviet Union
Afghan war of 1979–88
collapse of
Spain
Sri Lanka
Star (Pakistan)
Strait of Hormuz
Students Following the Imam’s Line
Subail, Sheikh Muhammad al-
Sudan
Suez Canal war (1956)
Sufism
Sufyan, Mu’awiya bin Abi
suicide bombings
Shias and
Sunnis and
Suleiman, Omar
Suleimani, Qassem
Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq
“Surrender” (Momand)
Surur, Mohammad Zayn al-Abidin
Syria
Assad’s rise in
chemical weapons and
civil war in
Hariri assassination and
Hezbollah and
Iran and
Iran-Iraq War and
Iraq and
Iraq invasion of Kuwait and
ISIS and
Israel and
Lebanon and
Muslim Brotherhood and
Russia and
Sadat and
Saudi Arabia and
Taef Agreement (1989)
Taef massacre (1924)
Tahrir Square demonstrations of 2011
Taleghani, Ayatollah Mahmoud
Taliban
Taseer, Aamna
Taseer, Salmaan
Taseer, Shahbaz
Taseer, Shehrbano
Taseer, Shehryar
Taymiyya, Ahmad ibn
Tayyeb, Sheikh Ahmad al-
Tehran, US embassy hostage crisis
Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Jafariya (TNFJ)
“Telling the Truth, Facing the Whip” (Mansour)
Thesiger, Wilfried
Tishreen
Travolta, John
Tripoli
Trump, Donald
Tufayl, Mian
Tufayli, Sheikh Sobhi
Tunisia
Turi tribe
Turkey
Turki al-Faisal
Twitter
Tyre, Lebanon
Umayyad caliphate
United Arab Emirates (UAE)
United Nations (UN)
United States
Afghan-Soviet war and
Egypt and
Iran and
Iranian hostage crisis and
Iran nuclear talks
Iraq invasion of Kuwait 1990–91
Iraq War of 2003–11
ISIS and
Lebanon and
oil embargo of 1973 and
Pakistan and
Palestinians and
Saudi Arabia and
Syria and
Vietnam War and
Yemen and
US Air Force
Using Life (Naji)
US Marines, Beirut bombings
US military trainers, Riyadh bombing
US Navy
US State Department
Uzbekistan
Velayati, Ali Akbar
“Verse for Karbala in Beirut, A” (Faiz)
Vietnam War
Vincennes, USS
Vision 2030
Vogue
Voice of the Iranian Revolution
Wahhabism
Warhol, Andy
Washington Post
Watergate scandal
Wesal TV
West, John
West Bank
West Germany
White Revolution
Why Was Cairo Calm? (documentary)
wilayat al-faqih (Guardianship of the Jurist)
World Assembly of Muslim Youth
World Assembly of Muslim Youth (WAMY)
World Bank
World Muslim Congress
World Muslim League
World Trade Center
World War I
World War II
Yad Vashem memorial
Yamasaki, Minoru
Yazbek, Sheikh Mohammad
Yazdi, Ebrahim
Yazid (caliph)
Yazidis
Yazidi state
Yemen
Y
ounes, Ebtehal
Youssef, Aziza al-
Youssef, Rose al-
Zaheer, Allama Ehsan Elahi
Zaidi sect
Zaitouneh, Razan
zakat fund
Zamel, Essam al-
Zamzam well
Zardari, Asif Ali
Zarif, Javad
Zarqawi, Abu Musab al- (Ahmad Fadeel al-Khalayleh)
Zawahiri, Ayman al-
Zeid, Nasr Abu
Zeitouneh, Razan
Zia ul-Haq
Zionism
Zomor, Abboud
Zuckerberg, Mark
Zuhdi, Karam
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Kim Ghattas is an Emmy Award–winning journalist and writer who covered the Middle East for twenty years for the BBC and the Financial Times. She has also reported on the US State Department and American politics. She has been published in The Atlantic, The Washington Post, and Foreign Policy and is currently a nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington. Her first book, The Secretary, was a New York Times bestseller. Born and raised in Lebanon, she now lives between Beirut and Washington, DC. You can sign up for email updates here.
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CONTENTS
Also by Kim Ghattas
Title Page
Copyright Notice
Dedication
Epigraph
Note on Names and Spellings
People
Map
Introduction
PART I REVOLUTION
1. Cassette Revolution
2. Today Tehran, Tomorrow Jerusalem
3. Bleeding Heart
4. Darkness
PART II COMPETITION
5. I Killed the Pharaoh
6. No Dupatta
7. Karbala in Beirut
8. Shia Kafir
9. Mecca Is Mine
10. Culture Wars
11. Black Wave
12. Generation 1979
PART III REVENGE
13. Cain and Abel
14. Fracture
15. Surrender
16. Counterrevolution
17. Between ISIS and IRGC
18. Achilles’ Heel
19. Murder on the Bosporus
Conclusion
Notes
Acknowledgments
Index
About the Author
Copyright
BLACK WAVE: Saudi Arabia, Iran, and the Forty-Year Rivalry That Unraveled Culture, Religion, and Collective Memory in the Middle East. Copyright © 2020 by Kim Ghattas. All rights reserved. For information, address Henry Holt and Co., 120 Broadway, New York, NY 10271.
www.henryholt.com
Cover design by Christopher Sergio
Cover photograph © Kitsana1980/Shutterstock.com
The Library of Congress has cataloged the print edition as follows:
