by Mark Cuban
157. Arlie Russell Hochschild, Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right (New York: New Press, 2016), 92.
158. Hochschild, Strangers in Their Own Land, 93.
159. Andrew Cherlin, Labor’s Love Lost: The Rise and Fall of the Working-Class Family in America (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2014), 170.
160. Arlie Hochschild, “Feeling Rules,” The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling (Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 1983).
161. Hochschild, Strangers in Their Own Land, 137, 145, 221.
162. Amy Chozick, “Hillary Clinton Calls Many Trump Backers ‘Deplorables,’ and G.O.P. Pounces,” New York Times, September 10, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/11/us/politics/hillary-clinton-basket-of-deplorables.html?_r=0.
163. Thomas Haskell, Objectivity Is Not Neutrality: Explanatory Schemes in History (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998).
164. Hochschild, Strangers in Their Own Land, 47, 124.
165. Hochschild, Strangers in Their Own Land, 118, 137, 145.
166. Hochschild, Strangers in Their Own Land, 218.
167. Hochschild, Strangers in Their Own Land, 22–23, 122.
168. Alexis C. Madrigal, “The Racist Housing Policy That Made Your Neighborhood,” The Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/05/the-racist-housing-policy-that-made-your-neighborhood/371439/.
169. Kristin Luker, Dubious Conceptions: The Politics of Teenage Pregnancy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996), 134–174.
170. Forthcoming on www.biasinterrupters.org.
171. Martin Bennett, “Martin Luther King Jr. and the Struggle for Economic Justice,” California Labor Federation, January 18, 2015, http://calaborfed.org/martin_luther_king_jr-_and_the_struggle_for_economic_justice/.
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172. “Text of Clinton’s 2008 Concession Speech,” The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/jun/07/hillaryclinton.uselections20081; Meghan Keneally, “Hillary Clinton’s Progress Trying to ‘Shatter That Highest, Hardest Glass Ceiling,’” abcnews.com, November 9, 2016, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/hillary-clintons-progress-shatter-highest-hardest-glass-ceiling/story?id=43420815.
173. Arlie Russell Hochschild, Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right (New York: New Press, 2016), 147.
174. Rachel Martin and Alec MacGillis, “Feeling Left Behind, White Working-Class Voters Turned Out for Trump,” npr.org, November 13, 2016, http://www.npr.org/2016/11/13/501904167/feeling-left-behind-white-working-class-voters-turned-out-for-trump.
175. Susan Chira, “‘You Focus on the Good’: Women Who Voted for Trump, in Their Own Words,” New York Times, January 14, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/14/us/women-voters-trump.html?_r=0.
176. John Cassidy, “How Donald Trump Became President-Elect,” New Yorker, November 9, 2016, http://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/how-donald-trump-became-president-elect.
177. Joan Williams, Unbending Gender: Why Family and Work Conflict and What to Do About It (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2000), 66.
178. Vicki Shultz, “Telling Stories About Women and Work,” Harvard Law Review 103, no. 8 (1990): footnote 332 on p. 1835.
179. Arlie Russell Hochschild, The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work (New York: Holt Paperbacks, 1997), 88.
180. Lillian B. Rubin, Families on the Fault Line: America’s Working Class Speaks About the Family, the Economy, Race, and Ethnicity (New York: HarperCollins, 1994), 93.
181. Beth Shulman, The Betrayal of Work: How Low Wage Jobs Fail 30 Million Americans and Their Families (New York: New Press, 2003), 19–20, 37.
182. Ruth H. Bloch, “American Feminine Ideals in Transition: The Rise of the Moral Mother 1785–1815,” Feminist Studies 44, no. 2 (1978): 101, 113, 114.
183. Williams, Unbending Gender, 153.
184. Ann Crittenden, The Price of Motherhood: Why the Most Important Job in the World Is Still the Least Valued (New York: Picador, 2001), 12.
185. Jacqueline Jones, Labor of Love, Labor of Sorrow: Black Women, Work, and the Family, from Slavery to the Present (New York: Basic Books, 1985); Riché Barnes, Raising the Race: Black Career Women Redefine Marriage, Motherhood, and Community (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2015).
186. Hochschild, Strangers in Their Own Land, 22.
187. Jessica Bennett, “A Master’s Degree in . . . Masculinity?” New York Times, August 8, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/fashion/masculinities-studies-stonybrook-michael-kimmel.html.
188. Steve Reilly, “Hundreds Allege Donald Trump Doesn’t Pay His Bills,” USA Today, June 9, 2016, http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/06/09/donald-trump-unpaid-bills-republican-president-laswuits/85297274/.
189. Joan C. Williams and Rachel Dempsey, What Works for Women at Work: Four Patterns Working Women Need to Know (New York: New York University Press, 2014), Preface, citing Diana Burgess and Eugene Borgida, “Who Women Are, Who Women Should Be: Descriptive and Prescriptive Stereotyping in Sex Discrimination,” Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 5, no. 3 (1999): 665–692.
190. Williams and Dempsey, What Works for Women at Work, 60.
191. Pamela J. Bettis and Natalie G. Adams, “Nice at Work in the Academy,” unpublished paper; Alice H. Eagly and Steven J. Karau, “Role Congruity Theory of Prejudice Toward Female Leaders,” Psychological Review 109, no. 3 (2002): 573–598; Susan T. Fiske, Amy J. C. Cuddy, Peter Glick, and Jun Xu, “A Model of (Often Mixed) Stereotype Content: Competence and Warmth Respectively Follow from Perceived Status and Competition,” Journal of Personal and Social Psychology 82, no. 6 (2002): 878–902.
192. Susan T. Fiske, Jun Xu, Amy J. C. Cuddy, and Peter Glick, “(Dis)respecting versus (Dis)liking: Status and Interdependence Predict Ambivalent Stereotypes of Competence and Warmth,” Journal of Social Issues 55, no. 3 (1999).
193. Chris Cillizza, “Hillary Clinton Has a Likability Problem. Donald Trump Has a Likability Epidemic,” Washington Post, May 16, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/05/16/hillary-clintons-long-lingering-likable-enough-problem/?utm_term=.47be8d000860.
194. Robb Willer, Christabel L. Rogalin, Bridget Conlon, and Michael T. Wojnowicz, “Overdoing Gender: A Test of the Masculine Overcompensation Thesis,” American Journal of Sociology 118 (2013): Table 5.
195. Francine M. Deutsch, Halving It All: How Equally Shared Parenting Works (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), 193.
196. Carla Shows and Naomi Gerstel, “Fathering, Class and Gender,” Gender & Society 23 (2009): 179.
197. Jennifer Sherman, Those Who Work, Those Who Don’t: Poverty, Morality, and Family in Rural America (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2009), 123.
198. Robin J. Ely, Pamela Stone, and Colleen Ammerman, “Rethink What You ‘Know’ About High-Achieving Women,” Harvard Business Review, December 2014, 100–109.
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199. “Wolfgang Lehmacher, “Don’t Blame China for Taking U.S. Jobs,” fortune.com, November 8, 2016, http://fortune.com/2016/11/08/china-automation-jobs/; Ben Casselman, “Manufacturing Jobs Are Never Coming Back,” FiveThirtyEight, March 18, 2016, http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/manufacturing-jobs-are-never-coming-back/; Mark Muro, “Manufacturing Jobs Aren’t Coming Back,” MIT Technology Review, November 18, 2016, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602869/manufacturing-jobs-arent-coming-back/.
200. Farhard Manjoo, “A Plan in Case Robots Take the Jobs: Give Everyone a Paycheck,” New York Times, March 2, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/03/technology/plan-to-fight-robot-invasion-at-work-give-everyone-a-paycheck.html.
201. Rework America, America’s Moment: Creating Opportunity in the Connected Age (New York: W.W. Norton, 2015), 201.
202. Rework America, America’s Moment, 203, quoting Suzanne Berger, with the MIT Task Force on Production in the Innovation Economy, Making in America: From Innovation to Marke
t (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013), 188–189.
203. Nicholas Wyman, “Why We Desperately Need to Bring Back Vocational Training in Schools,” forbes.com, September 1, 2015, http://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholaswyman/2015/09/01/why-we-desperately-need-to-bring-back-vocational-training-in-schools/#6fab5521465c.
204. Rework America, America’s Moment, 200.
205. Michael M. Crow and Williams B. Dabars, Designing the New American University (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015), 274–275.
206. Rework America, America’s Moment, 222, 251.
207. Rework America, America’s Moment, 208, citing http://www.electricaltrainingalliance.org.
208. Rework America, America’s Moment, 209.
209. Rework America, America’s Moment, 165–167.
210. Rework America, America’s Moment, 42–45.
211. Rework America, America’s Moment, 44.
212. Rework America, America’s Moment, 50.
213. Rework America, America’s Moment, 51, citing James Manyika, Jeff Sinclair, Richard Dobbs, Gernot Strube, Louis Rassey, Jan Mishke, Jaana Remes, Charles Roxburgh, Katy George, David O’Halloran, and Sreenivas Ramaswamy, Manufacturing the Future: The Next Era of Global Growth and Innovation (McKinsey Global Institute, 2012), 80.
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214. “No Safe Place: Violence Against Women, Interview: Michael Kimmel, PhD,” pbs.org, http://www.pbs.org/kued/nosafeplace/interv/kimmel.html.
215. Michael Greenstone and Adam Looney, “The Problem with Men: A Look at Long-Term Employment Trends,” The Hamilton Project, December 3, 2010, http://www.hamiltonproject.org/assets/files/milken_reduced_earnings_for_men_america.pdf.
216. Arlie Russell Hochschild, Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right (New York: New Press, 2016), 141; Phillip Longman, “Wealth and Generations,” Washington Monthly, June-July-August 2015, http://washingtonmonthly.com/magazine/junejulyaug-2015/wealth-and-generations/. (This describes prime-age men.)
217. Betsey Stevenson, “Manly Men Need to Do More Girly Jobs,” bloomberg.com, December 7, 2016, https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-12-07/manly-men-need-to-do-more-girly-jobs.
218. Rework America, America’s Moment: Creating Opportunity in the Connected Age (New York: W.W. Norton, 2015), 125.
219. Rework America, America’s Moment, 114, 134.
220. Claire Cain Miller, “Why Men Don’t Want the Jobs Done Mostly by Women,” New York Times, January 4, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/04/upshot/why-men-dont-want-the-jobs-done-mostly-by-women.html?_r=0.
221. Rework America, America’s Moment, 154, 207.
222. Charles Purdy, “Surprising Jobs with $100K Salaries—After Only a Two-Year Degree,” New York Daily News, February 12, 2012, http://www.nydailynews.com/jobs/surprising-jobs-100k-salaries-two-year-degree-article-1.1026210; Frances Romero, “How Much Do Plumbers Really Make?” TIME, October 17, 2008, http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1851673,00.html.
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223. The Cash for Appliance stimulus program offers rebates for appliances up to $250 per appliance, as long as the appliances replace an existing appliance and bought during a specific time period. See Suzan Clarke, “Rebate Program Gives Up to $250 for Purchase of New, Energy-Saving Appliances,” abcnews.com, February 12, 2010, http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Home/cash-appliances-rebate-energy-saving-purchases/story?id=9814094.
224. Suzanne Mettler, The Submerged State: How Invisible Government Policies Undermine American Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011), 37.
225. Chana Joffe-Walt, “Unfit for Work: The Startling Rise of Disability in America,” npr.org, http://apps.npr.org/unfit-for-work/.
226. Jennifer Sherman, Those Who Work, Those Who Don’t: Poverty, Morality, and Family in Rural America (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2009), 69.
227. Joffe-Walt, “Unfit for Work.”
228. Joffe-Walt, “Unfit for Work.”
229. Mettler, The Submerged State, 21.
230. Bob Cesca, “Keep Your Goddamn Government Hands Off My Medicare!,” Huffington Post, September 5, 2009, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/bob-cesca/get-your-goddamn-governme_b_252326.html.
231. Hope Schreiber, “Trump Supporter Schooled on FB for Thinking Obamacare and ACA Are Different,” elitedaily.com, January 10, 2017, http://elitedaily.com/social-news/trump-supporter-schooled-facebook-obamacare-affordable-care-act/1746982/; Jason Linkins, “News Flash! Obamacare and the Affordable Care Act Are the Same Thing,” Huffington Post, January 17, 2017, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/obamacare-affordable-care-act_us_587ea7f6e4b0cf0ae880af9a.
232. Pew Research Center, “Beyond Distrust: How Americans View Their Government,” November 23, 2015, http://www.people-press.org/2015/11/23/beyond-distrust-how-americans-view-their-government/.
233. Pew Research Center, “Beyond Distrust.”
234. Michèle Lamont, The Dignity of Working Men: Morality and the Boundaries of Race, Class, and Immigration (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000), 21.
235. For an example of how the FDA has protected us, see Michael Winerip, “The Death and Afterlife of Thalidomide,” New York Times, September 23, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/23/booming/the-death-and-afterlife-of-thalidomide.html.
236. Gary V. Engelhardt and Jonathan Gruber, “Social Security and the Evolution of Elderly Poverty,” NBER Working Paper 10466 (2004), http://www.nber.org/papers/w10466.
237. Health Care Financing Administration, “Medicare 2000: 35 Years of Improving Americans’ Health and Security,” July 2000, https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/soc/medicare35.pdf.
238. “Medicare Part D: Prescription Drug Coverage for Seniors,” center-forward.org, http://center-forward.org/medicare-part-d-essential-coverage-for-seniors/.
239. “Who Is Poor?” Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison, http://www.irp.wisc.edu/faqs/faq3.htm.
240. Michael Neal, “A Cross-Country Comparison of Homeownership Rates,” Eye On Housing, June 19, 2015, http://eyeonhousing.org/2015/06/a-cross-country-comparison-of-homeownership-rates/; Daniel Goldstein, “Why the Federal Government Now Holds Nearly 50% of All Residential Mortgages,” MarketWatch, October 16, 2015, http://www.marketwatch.com/story/why-the-federal-government-now-holds-nearly-50-of-all-residential-mortgages-2015-10-16.
241. Pew Research Center, “Beyond Distrust: How Americans View Their Government,” November 23, 2015, http://www.people-press.org/2015/11/23/beyond-distrust-how-americans-view-their-government/.
242. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, “CFPB Orders Citibank to Pay $700 Million in Consumer Relief for Illegal Credit Card Practices,” July 21, 2015, http://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/cfpb-orders-citibank-to-pay-700-million-in-consumer-relief-for-illegal-credit-card-practices/.
243. Arlie Russell Hochschild, Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right (New York: New Press, 2016), 43, 52, 108.
244. Kate Baldwin, “One Thing the US Military Gets Right: Childcare,” Quartz, March 26, 2015, https://qz.com/369740/one-thing-the-us-military-gets-right-childcare/.
245. Pew Research Center, “Public Trust in Government: 1958–2014,” November 13, 2014, http://www.people-press.org/2014/11/13/public-trust-in-government/.
246. Mettler, The Submerged State, 65, citing Benjamin I. Page and Lawrence R. Jacobs, Class War?: What Americans Really Think About Economic Inequality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009), 144.
247. Mettler, The Submerged State, 70, 117.
248. The CFPB announced on January 18, 2017, that they are filing a lawsuit against Navient (the country’s largest student loan servicer) for cheating borrowers; see Maggie McGrath, “CFPB Sues Student Loan Servicer Navient for Failing Borrowers ‘At Every Stage,’” forbes.com, January 18, 2017, http://www.forbes.com/sites/maggiemcgrath/2017/01/18/cfpb-sues-student-loan-servicer-navient-for-failing-borrowers-at-every-stage/#5fa7094d477d.
249. Mettl
er, The Submerged State, 15.
250. http://www.itgetsbetter.org/. I recognize that different levels of government are involved in, for example, sewers. My goal is a civics lesson, not a lesson in the arcane details of public finance.
251. J. D. Vance, Hillbilly Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis (New York: Harper, 2016), 189.
252. Lamont, The Dignity of Working Men, 35.
253. Joan C. Williams, Reshaping the Work-Family Debate: Why Men and Class Matter (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010), 197.
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254. Jonathan Martin and Alexander Burns, “Democrats at Crossroads: Win Back Working-Class Whites, or Let Them Go?” New York Times, December 15, 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/15/us/politics/democrats-joe-biden-hillary-clinton.html?_r=0.
255. Jennifer Bendery, “Pick Any LGBTQ Rights Issue. Jeff Sessions Has Voted Against It,” Huffington Post, November 22, 2016, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/jeff-sessions-lgbt-rights_us_58346cd9e4b030997bc1524f.
256. Peter Holley, “KKK’s Official Newspaper Supports Donald Trump for President,” Washington Post, November 2, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/11/01/the-kkks-official-newspaper-has-endorsed-donald-trump-for-president/?utm_term=.0999655a2360.
257. Tami Luhby and Jennifer Agiesta, “Exit Polls: Clinton Fails to Energize African-Americans, Latinos and the Young,” cnn.com, November 9, 2016, http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/08/politics/first-exit-polls-2016/.
258. Jens Manuel Krogstad, Mark Hugo Lopez, Gustavo López, Jeffrey S. Passel, and Eileen Patten, “1. Looking Forward to 2016: The Changing Latino Electorate,” Pew Research Center, January 19, 2016, http://www.pewhispanic.org/2016/01/19/looking-forward-to-2016-the-changing-latino-electorate/.
259. Marcela Valdes, “‘We’re Looking at a New Divide Within the Hispanic Community,’” New York Times Magazine, November 15, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/11/20/magazine/donald-trumps-america-florida-latino-vote.html?_r=0.
260. Philippe Sands, East West Street: On the Origins of “Genocide” and “Crimes Against Humanity” (New York: Knopf, 2016).
261. Arlie Russell Hochschild, Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right (New York: New Press, 2016), 141, quoting Phillip Longman, “Wealth and Generations,” Washington Monthly, June-July-August 2015, http://washingtonmonthly.com/magazine/junejulyaug-2015/wealth-and-generations/.
