The Story of Civilization

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The Story of Civilization Page 107

by Will Durant

Bicuriges, 471*

  Black (Euxine) Sea (anc. Pontus Euxinus), 112, 157, 194, 217, 232, 256-257, 275, 291, 329, 418, 480, 483, 516, 517, 518, 520, 528, 629, 630

  Black Stone of Pessinus, 513

  Blandina, Gallic Christian martyr (?-177), 649

  Blissful Groves, 241

  Blossius, Caius, Greek philosopher (fl. 2nd century B.C..), 113, 516

  Blue Glass Vase, 347

  Boadicea or Boudicca, Queen of the Iceni in Britain (?-6i), 476

  Boccaccio, Giovanni, Italian novelist (1313-1375). 258

  Boeotia, 310, 483

  Bohemia, 406, 431, 432

  Boii, 49

  Boileau-Despréaux, Nicolas, French poet, satirist, and critic (1636-1711), 249*

  Boissier, Marie Louis Gaston, French historian, critic, and archaeologist (1823-1908), 441

  Bolingbroke, Henry Saint-John, Viscount, English statesman and political writer (1678-1751), 553

  Bologna (anc. Felsina, later Bononia), 5, 11, 78, 455

  Bona Dea, 59, (feast of) 65, 172

  books, 158, 234, 267, 269, 333, 346

  bookshops, 234, 342

  Bordeaux (anc. Burdigala), 324, 470, 473

  Borghese Gladiator, 453

  Borysthenes (Dnieper), 521

  Boscoreale, 346, 459

  Bosporus, kingdom of, 219, 413, 629

  Bosporus (strait), 483, 518-519

  Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne, French Bishop of Meaux, and pulpit orator (1627-1704), 662, 663

  Boston Museum, 259

  Bostra (Basra), 508, 535, 602

  Botticelli, Sandro (Alessandro Filipepi), Italian painter (1447?-1510), 354

  Boulogne (anc. Gesoriacum), 324, 653

  bourgeoisie, 88, 89, 116, 171, 286, 343, 633

  Bourges, see Avaricum

  boxing, in Etruria, 7;

  in Rome, 90, 99, 377, 382

  Boy, 351

  Brahman, 610

  Brahmans, 526, 536, 608

  Brahmanism, 537

  Bramante, Donato d’Agnolo, Italian architect and painter (1444-1514), 661

  bread, see grain

  Brenner Pass, 454, 480

  Brevity of Life, On the (Seneca), 302

  bridges, 17, 77, 176, 266-267, 324, 326, 336, 410, 411, 455, 470, 473, 474, 627, 671

  Briseis, 354

  Britain, 40, 176, 234, 270-271, 288, 291, 302, 322, 324, 326, 327, 329, 366, 413, 417, 428, 470, 471, 472, 475-477, 479, 602, 620, 622, 633, 638, 641, 651, 669

  Britanni, 475

  Britannicus, son cf Claudius and Messalina (42-55), 273-275

  British Empire, 406

  British Museum, 347, 350, 351

  Britons, 176

  Bronze, Age of, 471

  bronzework, 9-10, 18, 82, 227, 346, 349-351, 359, 420, 443, 457, 459-460, 469, 510

  brothels, see prostitution

  Brothers Pettius, banking firm, 332

  Brumalia, 512

  Brundisium (Brindisi), 78, 97, 125, 170, 173, 183, 184, 200, 205, 239, 244, 325, 326, 410, 455, 602

  Bruttians, 35, 37, 51

  Bruttium, 53

  Brutus, Decimus Junius, commander (?-43 B.C..), 177, 197, 200, 201

  Brutus, Lucius Junius (fl. 6th century B.C..), consul, 16, 17, 196, 197

  Brutus, Marcus Junius, politician (85-42 B.C..), 130, 161, 185-186, 189, 194, 196-204, 211, 244, 426, 448, 482, 484, 513, 583

  Brutus (in Martial), 318

  Bubastis, 498

  Budapest, 480

  Buddhism, 537, 559

  building materials, 356-357, 420, 477, 533, 635

  building trades, 322

  Bulgaria, 480

  bullfights, in Etruria, 6;

  in Crete and Thes-saly, 384;

  in Rome, 385

  bureaucracy, 191, 215, 220, 270-271, 275, 409, 416, 448, 498, 640, 642-645, 665, 668

  Burgundy, 473

  Burrus, prefect of the Praetorian Guard (fl. ist century), 273, 275, 276

  Bury, John Bagnell, Irish historian (1861-1927), 273*

  business, see trade

  buttress, 635, 661

  Byblus, 39, 534

  Byron, George Gordon, sixth Baron, English poet (1788-1824), 249*

  Byrsa, 41, 465

  Byzantine Empire, 419, 641

  Byzantinism, 641

  C

  Cabala, 538

  Cabillonum (Chalon-sur-Saône), 474

  Cádiz, see Gades

  Cadmea, 483

  Caecilius (in Octavius, by Minucius Felix), 611

  Caecilius Statius, comic dramatist (?-168 B.C..), 101

  Caelian hill, 12*, 340, 361

  Caelius, Marcus Caius Rufus, orator (fl. 1st century B.C..), 135, 155, 184, 188-189

  Caenis, mistress of Vespasian (ist century), 288

  Caepiones, Roman family, 76

  Caere (Cervetri), 7, 8, 10, 11, 121

  Caesar, Caius Julius, Roman general, statesman, and historian (100-44 B.C..), 3, 23, 27, 31, 34, 48, 66, 70, 73, 102, 116, 118, 119, 123, 128, 129, 133, 134, 136, 139, 140, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 155, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167-202, 204, 205, 208, 211, 212, 213, 219, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 231, 235, 242, 256, 260, 270, 271, 283, 291, 293, 296, 303, 312, 319, 323, 324, 326, 329, 330, 335, 340, 341, 346, 349, 350, 354, 356, 360, 361, 364, 365, 372, 383, 385, 386, 391, 392, 400, 412, 414, 419, 431, 448, 456, 457, 462, 465, 466, 469, 471-476, 482, 487, 500, 508, 514, 516, 523, 528, 557*, 562, 638, 641, 654

  Caesarea (Kaisaria), 508, 534, 535, 544, 577, 586, 615, 662

  Caesarea (Cherchel), 466

  Caesarean birth, 167

  Caesarea Philippi, or Paneas (Banias), 545, 569

  Caesarion, Egyptian prince, son of Cleopatra 47-30 B.C..), 188, 189, 195, 206, 208

  Caesarodunum (Tours), 474

  Caesars, the, 175, 362, 460, 593

  Caesonia, fourth wife of Caligula (?-41 A.D.), 266, 268

  Caiaphas, Jewish high priest (fl. 18-36), 571

  Cairo, 350

  Caius Caesar, grandson of Augustus (?-4 A.D.), 230-231, 473

  Calagurris (Calahorra), 313

  Caledonia, see Scotland calendar, Roman, 66-67, 75, 193;

  Julian, 193;

  Druidic, 472

  Calidus, Quintus, politician (fl. 1st century B.C..), 129

  Caligula (Caius Caesar Germanicus), Roman emperor (12-41), 264-268, 269, 270, 273, 279, 293, 300, 301, 304, 344, 345, 365*, 378, 380, 384, 388, 390, 434, 456, 466, 482, 500, 501, 543

  Callimachus, Greek grammarian and poet (320-?—240-? B.C..), 155, 158, 636

  Callistus, Roman Pope (reigned 217-222), 617-618

  Callistus, secretary of Claudius (fl. 1st century), 270

  Calpurnia, last wife of Caesar (1st century B.C..), 172, 189, 195, 197, 198

  Calpurnia, third wife of Pliny the Younger (1st-2nd centuries), 440

  Calvin, John, French Protestant reformer at Geneva (1509-1564), 592

  Calvus, Licinius, poet (fl. 1st century B.C..), 146, 161, 174

  cameos, 346

  Camillus, Marcus Furius, general and patrician leader (?-365 B.C..), 24, 36, 68, 120

  Campagna di Roma, 320, 631, 666

  Campania, 11, 18, 37, 62, 74, 77, 171, 213, 231, 265, 303, 326, 328, 339, 346, 455-456, 608

  Campus Martius, see Field of Mars Camulodunum (Colchester), 476, 477

  Canaan, 567

  canals, 77, 410, 464, 499, 500, 631

  Canary Islands, 308

  Candia, 247

  Cannae (battle of, 216 B.C..), 34, 50-51, 70, 71, 86, 93, 164

  Cannus, musician (fl. 1st century), 381

  canonization, 226

  canon law, 406, 619

  Canopus (Abukir on site of), 500

  Cantii, 476

  Canuleius, Caius, tribune (fl. 445 B.C..), 24

  Canusium (Canosa), 51

  Capernaum, 563

  capital, 90, 323, 333, 633, 668

  Capitol, 36, 52, 60, 82, 83, 169, 198, 206, 263, 280, 291, 358, 388, 419, 443

  Capitol
, in Washington, 421

  Capitolias, 535

  Capitoline, 12*, 13, 36, 61, 81, 82, 316, 340, 341, 358

  Capitoline games, 291, 381

  Capitoline Museum, 349, 351, 443

  Cappadocia, 140, 147, 188, 357, 366, 418, 462, 490, 496, 513, 517, 520, 523, 524, 528, 578, 629, 630

  Capri (anc. Capreae), 263, 265, 344, 456

  Captivi (Plautus), 100

  Capua, 11, 37, 51, 52, 78, 116, 137, 138, 181, 194, 322, 346, 457, 546

  Caracalla (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Bassianus Caracallus), Roman emperor (188-217), 331, 375, 621-623, 632, 633, 634, 635

  Caracalla, Baths of, 375, 627, 635

  Caractacus, king of the Silures in Britain (fl. ist century), 271

  Carales (Cagliari), 464

  Career Tullianum, 404

  Care of the Hair, On the (Domitian), 289

  Caria, 513, 514, 518

  carmen saeculare, 225, 248, 380

  Carneades, Greek philosopher and orator (213-129 B.C..), 95-96, 489, 497

  Carnutes, 471*

  Carpathian Mountains, 431

  Carrara, 10, 357, 454

  Carrhae (Harran), 131, 178, 529, 623

  Carrinas Secundus, rhetorician (fl. 1st century A.D.), 267

  Carteia (Algeciras), 470

  Carthage, 25, 34, 38, 39-54, 57, 70, 76, 77, 80, 82, 85, 86, 87, 88, 91, 101, 105-108, 116, 117, 118, 192, 194, 240, 269, 326, 332, 418, 454, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 472, 482, 546, 603, 612, 613, 617, 633, 649, 650, 671

  Carthage, Council of, 618

  Casanova de Seingalt, Giovanni Jacopo, Italian adventurer (1725-1798), 487

  Casinum, 461

  Caspian Sea, 528

  Cassius, Avidius, general and rebel (fl. 2nd century), 428, 431

  Cassius, Spurius, consul (?-486 B.C..), 23

  Cassius Longinus, Caius, general and conspirator (?-42 B.C..), 168, 186, 194, 196-204, 211, 448

  Cassius Longinus Varus, Caius, governor (fl. ist century B.C..), 137

  Cassivelaunus, British chief (fl. 1st century B.C..), 176

  Castel Gandolfo, 11

  Castor, 35, 62

  Castor and Pollux, Temple of, 268, 358, 359

  castration, see emasculation

  catacombs, 601

  Catana (Catania), 66, 464

  Catechetical School, 613, 614

  Catholicae Ecclesiae Unitate, De (St. Cyprian), 618

  Catiline (Lucius Sergius Catilina), conspirator (108?-62 B.C..), 126, 142-144, 147, 168, 169, 170, 172, 184, 189, 202, 395

  Catiline (Sallust), 160

  Cato, Marcus Porcius (the Elder), general and patriot (234-149 B.C..), 4, 68, 69, 70, 73, 87, 88-90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 102-105, 106-108, 136, 160, 238, 312, 315, 370, 396, 399, 415, 454, 456, 618

  Cato, Marcus Porcius, son of Cato Uticensis (?-42 B.C..), 190, 203

  Cato Uticensis, Marcus Porcius (the Younger), philosopher and patriot (95-46 B.C..), 56, 75, 108, 131, 133, 134, 135-136, 144-145, 168, 171, 173, 174, 180, 181, 183, 186, 189-190, 195, 196, 203, 282, 296, 426

  Catoptrica (Hero), 504

  cattle raising, 104, 131, 238, 319-321, 455, 464, 478, 483, 513

  Catullus, Caius Valerius, poet (87-54 B.C..), 69, 102, 135, 154, 155-158, 174, 225, 235

  Catulus, Quintus Lutatius, aristocratic leader (fl. 1st century B.C..), 145, 146

  Caucasus, 329, 448, 517, 528

  Caudine Forks (battle of, 321 B.C..), 37

  Caunus, 518

  Celer, architect (fl. 1st century), 345

  Celer, Asinius, epicure (fl. 1st century), 376

  celibacy, 132, 134, 222-224, 237, 250, 363, 524, 526, 537, 566, 598;

  clerical, 660*

  Cellini, Benvenuto, Italian artist (1500-1571), 9, 349

  Celsus, general of Trajan (?-118), 414

  Celsus, Antichristian philosopher (fl. 2nd century), 559, 596, 606-607, 615, 616, 647

  Celsus, Aurelius Cornelius, writer on science (fl. 1st century), 295, 308, 313

  Celtiberians, 87

  Celtic languages, 73, 477

  Celts, 36, 49, 118-120, 126, 174-177, 235, 468, 471, 472, 475, 477

  cena, 70

  Cenabum (Orleans), 177, 474

  Cena Trimalchionis, 297-298

  censors, 24, 28, 29, 191, 214-215, 270, 272, 286, 290

  censorship, 74, 99, 229, 300

  census, 193, 214, 333, 463, 558

  central heating, 343, 344, 477, 671

  Centum Cellae (Civita Vecchia), 410, 461

  ceramics, Etruscan, 9;

  Carthaginian, 42;

  Roman, 77, 322-323, 336, 346-347, 454, 473, 474, 477, 498

  Cerberus, 389

  Ceres, 59, 62, 84, 164, 381

  Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de, Spanish novelist (1547-1616), 637

  Cethegus, Caius Cornelius, conspirator (?-64 B.C..), 143-144

  Cévennes mountains (anc. Cebenna), 176

  Ceylon, 329, 406

  Chaerea, Caius Cassius, tribune of Praetorian Guard (?-4i A.D.), 268

  Chaeremon, Greek Stoic philosopher (fl. 1st century), 274

  Chaeronea, 124, 483, 484

  Chalcedon (Kadiköi), 133, 629

  Chalcis, 73, 483

  Chaldaic, 537

  Chaldea, 64

  Châlons-sur-Marne, 638, 670

  Champollion, Jean François, French Egyptologist (1790-1832), 5

  Chance, 349

  Chariclea, 636-637

  chariot races, in Etruria, 7;

  in Rome, 265, 267, 274, 278-279, 377, 382-383, 447, 465

  charity, 71

  Charmion, Egyptian handmaiden of Cleopatra (?-3o B.C..), 208

  Charmis of Marseilles, physician in Rome (fl. 1st century), 313

  charms, 60, 64, 388

  Charon, 387, 496-497

  Charondas, Sicilian lawgiver (ca. 500 B.C..), 32

  Chartres, 471*

  Charybdis, 602

  Chasidim, 536-537

  Chastity, 349

  Châtelet, Marquis du, Florent-Claude (1695-?), 135

  Chatti, 291, 428, 429, 431

  Chaucer, Geoffrey, English poet (1340?-1400), 258

  Chephren, 350

  chess, 375

  Chester (anc. Deva or Devana Castra), 477

  Chichester (anc. Cissaceaster), 477

  Chimera, 9

  China, 134, 329, 529, 669

  Chinese Wall, 669

  Chiusi (anc. Clusium q.v.), 9

  Chloe, 247

  Christ, 72, 75, 154, 160, 235, 281, 347*, 390, 449, 466, 475, 493-494, 502, 509, 510, 527, 529, 535, 537, 541*, 550-619, 626, 646-664, 667

  Christianity, 63, 65, 95, 165, 307, 335, 358, 404, 405, 406, 465, 467-468, 489, 490, 493-494, 497, 510, 520, 523, 524, 527, 538, 549, 550-619, 621, 625, 626, 628, 635, 637, 646-664, 667-668, 671-672

  Christians, 281, 292, 308, 365, 366, 386, 416, 423, 442, 447, 507, 529, 554-619, 626, 646-664, 665

  Chrysoloras, Manuel, reviver of Greek in Italy (1355?-1415), 96

  Chrysopolis (Scutari), 655

  Chrysostom, Saint John, Greek father of the Church (347?-407), 494

  Church, early, 557, 558, 575, 577, 588, 591-595, 596-619, 646-664, 668

  Church, Roman Catholic, 475, 554, 592, 617-619, 671-672

  churches, 662, 663

  Cicero, Marcus Tullius, orator and man of letters (106-43 B.C..), 11, 13, 14, 32, 68, 70, 73, 82, 95, 96-97, 98, 102, 108, 115, 118, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 140-145, 146, 154, 160, 161-166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 172-174, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 188, 189, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 108, 201, 202, 212, 216, 228, 258, 307, 308, 313, 315, 324, 325, 356, 365, 368, 378, 379, 387, 391, 393, 398, 403, 405, 415, 439, 453, 454, 456, 457, 462, 463, 464, 489, 510, 513, 514, 516, 557, 572, 587, 612, 662, 671

  Cicero, Quintus Tullius, governor, brother of M. Tullius Cicero (ca. 102-43 B.C..), 143*, 173

  Cilicia, 129, 139, 140, 167, 180, 196, 203, 204, 205, 378, 413, 500, 505, 513, 579, 629, 630

  Cimbri, 118-120, 472

&nbs
p; Cinara, 247

  Cincian law (204 B.C..), 32, 132, 402

  Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius, dictator (519?-439? B.C..), 31

  Cineas, Greek philosopher (fl. 280 B.C..), 28, 37

  Cinna, Helvius, poet (?-44 B.C..), 155

  Cinna, Lucius Cornelius, dictator (?-84 B.C..), 123-125, 167, 519

  circumcision, 530, 546, 548, 559, 577, 580, 582-583, 585, 586, 587, 625

  circuses, see games

  Circus Flaminius, 82, 340, 360

  Circus Maximus, 18, 82, 280, 360-361, 382-383, 625

  Ciris, 270

  Cirta (Constantine), 105, 466

  citizenship, Roman, 25-27, 58, 99, 100, 114, 115, 116, 118, 121, 122, 126, 182, 193-194, 216, 235, 270-271, 283, 394-395, 398, 460, 462, 473, 476, 546, 586, 591, 622-623

  city-states, in Etruria, 6;

  in Greece, 6, 86, 482;

  in Latium, 11;

  Rome, 35, 81, 212;

  Tarentum, 455;

  in the Roman Empire, 460-461

  Civilis, Julius, Batavian rebel leader (fl. 71), 473

  Civil War in Rome, 122-126, 168, 169, 177, 180-208, 211, 220, 225, 252, 283-286, 293-294, 296, 301, 514, 644

  civitates, 324

  clan (gens), 56, 69

  clan council, in the early Republic, 57

  clan name (nomen,) 56-57

  Clarissa Harlowe (Richardson), 637

  classicism, 249, 258, 302, 338-339, 381, 442, 635

  class war, in Greece, 86, 87, 482;

  in Rome, 23-24, 38, 47, 51, 77, 108, 111-208, 242, 632, 633, 656, 665, 668, 669

  Claudia, first wife of Augustus (fl. 1st century B.C..), 229

  Claudia or Clodia, Vestal Virgin (3rd century B.C..), 94

  Claudian Aqueduct, 270, 340

  Claudii, Roman clan, 21, 35, 155, 172, 205, 259, 364

  Claudius I (Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus), Roman emperor (10 B.C..-A.D. 54), 216, 267, 268-275, 293, 295, 301, 302, 312, 322, 326, 336, 350, 365*, 371, 383, 384, 390, 397, 402, 410, 419, 434, 456, 466, 473, 476, 501, 543, 554

  Claudius II (Marcus Aurelius Claudius Gothi-cus), Roman emperor (214-270), 630, 638

  Claudius, Caius, naval commander (fl. 3rd century), 44

  Claudius Caecus, Appius, politician and writer (fl. 312 B.C..), 29, 32, 37, 77-78, 81

  Claudius Regillensis Sabinus, Appius, lawmaker (fl. 450 B.C..), 23-24, 29, 72

  Cleander, Praetorian prefect (?-190), 447-448

  Cleanthes, Greek Stoic philosopher (300?-220? B.C..), 584*

  Cleisthenes, Athenian statesman (fl. 510 B.C..), 15

  Clemency, On (Seneca), 302

  Clemens, Flavius, relative of Domitian (?-05), 292

  Clement I, or Clemens Romanus, Roman Pope (30?-100?), 588, 617

  Clement of Alexandria (Titus Flavius Clemens) Christian father and writer (150?-220?), 558, 610-611, 613, 614, 616

 

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