by Brian Toohey
29 Laurenceson, Do the Claims Stack Up?, pp. 62–72.
30 Ibid.
31 Transcript, Media Watch, ABC-TV, 15 August 2016.
32 Email to the author, 27 March 2018.
33 Davis Brophy, ‘The book Xi Jinping wants you to read for all the wrong reasons’, SMH, 28 February 2018.
34 Brian Toohey, ‘China alarmism is costing us dear’, AFR, 24 September 2017.
35 Dylan Welch, ‘Chinese agents are undermining Australia’s sovereignty, Clive Hamilton’s controversial new book claims’, ABC News, 22 February 2018.
36 Laurenceson, Do The Claims Stack Up?, pp. 62–72.
37 Stephanie Borys, ‘China link possible in cyberattack on the Australian Parliament computer systems, ABC understands’, ABC News, 8 February 2019.
38 Amanda Hodge and Nivell Rayda, ‘PNG base upgrade worries Jakarta’, The Australian, 15 December 2018.
39 J.R. Walsh and G.J. Munster (eds), Documents on Australian Defence and Foreign Policy, 1968–1975, self-published, 1980, p. 220.
Chapter 60: Going to war against China
1 Congressional Research Service, ‘Instances of use of United States Armed Forces abroad, 1798–2016’, 7 October 2016.
2 Mark Thomson, The Cost of Defence: ASPI Defence Budget Brief 2017–18, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, 2017, p. 185.
3 Hugh White, Without America: Australia in the New Asia, Quarterly Essay 68, Black Inc., 2017, p. 57.
4 Matthew Harper, ‘Chinese missiles and the Walmart factor’, Proceedings Magazine, US Naval Institute, July 2011.
5 Confidential sources.
6 ‘Nuclear weapons: Who has what at a glance’, Arms Control Association, 21 June 2018.
7 See Chapter 56 in this book.
8 Sam Bateman, ‘No need to rock the boat in the South China Sea’, East Asia Forum, 6 March 2018.
9 See Lynn Kuok, ‘Progress in the South China Sea?’, Foreign Affairs, 21 July 2017.
10 For more details, see Clinton Fernandes, Island off the Coast of Asia, Monash University Publishing, 2018, pp. 120–7.
11 Bateman, op. cit.
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid.
14 ‘Taiwan, Japan coastguards collide near islands’, AFP, 4 July 2012.
15 ‘Washington playing “Whack-a-Mole” in South China Sea, says ex-US official’, Wall Street Journal, 28 May 2015.
16 Patricia Lourdes Viray, ‘ASEAN, China see South China Sea code first draft by 2019’, Philippines Star, 14 November 2018.
17 Foreign Policy White Paper, DFAT, 2017.
18 Ibid.
19 Shashi Sharoor, Inglorious Empire: What the British Did to India, Hurst, 2017.
20 Ulsa Patnaik, ‘Transfers from India to Britain’, in S. Chakrabarti and U. Patnaik (eds), Agrarian and Other Histories, Columbia University Press, 2018, pp. 278–317.
21 Alexander Davis, ‘How the Conservative Anglosphere fell in love with India’, The Interpreter, 19 December 2018.
22 Hugh White, ‘The White Paper’s grand strategic fix: Can Australia achieve an Indo-Pacific pivot?’, Australian Foreign Affairs, 24 November 2017.
23 Kim Beazley, Lockheed Martin Vernon Parker Oration, Canberra, 22 June 2016.
24 Office of the Secretary of Defense, Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2018, Department of Defense, p. 43.
25 Allan Hawke and Rick Smith, Australian Defence Force Posture Review, 30 March 2012, p. 13.
26 Turnbull interview on 3AW radio, 11 August 2017.
27 ‘Malcolm Turnbull, Julie Bishop say China is no threat to Australia’, AFR, 29 January 2018.
28 Graham Allison, ‘The Thucydides Trap: Are the US and China headed for war?’, The Atlantic, 24 September 2015.
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INDEX
Adams, Michael 18
Advanced Research Projects Agency 100
Afghanistan
actions by Australian special forces 288–9
al-Qaeda training camps 285
Mujahideen 286
operations by Australian special forces 286–7
Taliban 286, 287, 289
US-led invasion 286–9
Agent Orange 53
Allende, Salvador 23, 162–3
Allende Government (Chile) 23
al-Qaeda 285, 289, 293
Alston, Philip 93
Anderson, Ian 71–2
Angleton, James 156, 161–2, 163, 164, 180
Antarctic Treaty 127, 185, 186, 326–7
Antarctica 125–6, 185–6
Anthony, Doug 106–8, 170
anthrax 57
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM Treaty) 103, 111–12, 114, 305–6
anti-terrorism laws 226–31
Anzac Day 253
‘Anzackery’ 253
ANZUS Treaty 86, 166
background 123–5
constraints on use of military force 125, 127, 194
extension of geographical ambit 145
hosting of US military and intelligence installations 128–30
lack of security guarantee 123, 128, 129–30, 132–6, 142
New Zealand and 137
US attitude towards 123–7
withdrawal from 150
Arar, Maher 230–1
Arbib, Mark 16, 239
arms control agreements
and Pine Gap 110–15
and US bases in Australia 116–17
Army Security Agency (US) 7, 8
Ashmore Islands 187
ASIO (Terrorism) Act 2003 228–9
Assistance and Access Bill 2018 239
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 326
Atomic Weapons Research Establishment (AWRE) 69
Atomic Weapons Tests Safety Commission 54
Atta, Mohamed 293
Attorney-General’s Department 109, 241
AUSI Freedom Scouts 273
‘The AUSTEO Papers’ 205–6
Australia Group 58
Australian Atomic Energy Commission 309
Australian Border Force 241
Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) 235
Australian Bureau of Statistics census website collapse 320–1
Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission 241
Australian Defence Force, integration with US counterparts 148–9, 189–91, 194
Australian Federal Police (AFP)
Haneef case 19, 230
portfolio arrangements 241
powers 242
preventative detention powers 229
raid on Parliament House 224
Australian Financial Review (AFR) 12, 78, 91, 93, 94, 129, 174
Australian Imperial Force 252
Australian Ionising Radiation Advisory Council (AIRAC) 71
Australian Journalists’ Association (AJA) 94
Australian Labor Party
attitude towards US bases 116
CIA and 106
opposition to Vietnam War 280
Australian Radiation Laboratory (ARL) 71, 72
Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS) 13
in Afghanistan 25–6
bugging of government offices in Dili 26–7
in Chile 23
clandestine warfare training centre, Swan Island 22, 272
corporate assistance 25, 208
diplomatic cover 24–5
Directorate of Covert Action 24
establishment 21
funding 25
identity of officers 208–9, 214, 215, 216–17
illegality of activities 23, 24
murdered agents 216
overseas stations 22
Oyster: The Story of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (Toohey and Pinwell) 206–9
quality of reporting 25
raid on Sheraton Hotel, Melbourne 24, 215
role 24–5
Special Operations role 22
Special Political Actions (SPAs) 23
use of journalists 217
and Vietnam War 22–3
whistleblower (Witness K) 26–7
Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979 14
Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) 165
and CIA 172, 178–9, 181, 182
counterintelligence role 15–16
counterterrorism role 14–15
directors-general 10, 12, 14, 19
domestic surveillance 12, 14
establishment 7
and Home Affairs Department 241
identity of officers 13–14, 17, 222
mole with 15
official history 10, 11, 12, 15
phone tapping 12, 30, 204–5, 222
politicisation 11–12, 222
power of 242
questioning and detention powers 17–18, 228–9
raid on Bernard Collaery’s office 26
raid on headquarters 163–4
reasons behind creation of 3, 6
as secret police agency 18–20
shielding of agents and affiliates 20
Special Intelligence Operations (SIOs) 20, 222, 229–30
Special Projects Section 12
spy catching 11, 15
use of journalists 12
whistleblowers 222, 230
Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) 8
global network 31
ground stations 30
history 29, 30
membership of ‘Five Eyes’ group 28
as NSA subsidiary 29
role 28
use of information 33
Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre 33, 241
Australian Wheat Board (AWB) 25
Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement 196, 318
Australia–US Ministerial C
onsultations (AUSMIN) 97–8
Ball, Des 116–18, 119–20, 129, 260
Barbour, Peter 12, 163, 164, 165, 169
Barker, Geoff 150
Barnard, Lance 30, 85, 86, 87–8, 100, 101–2, 129, 154, 199, 202
Barnett, Harvey 12–13, 209
Barton, Rod 37
Barwick, Garfield 82, 84, 134, 272
Battle, William 80, 81–2, 83
Beale, Howard 62
Bean, C.E.W. 252
Beazley, Kim 102, 112, 116, 120, 149, 190–1, 309
Behm, Jack 162, 164
Berg, Chris 229
Bijedic, Džemal 163–4
bin Laden, Osama 285–6
biological weapons see chemical and biological weapons
Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) 57, 58
Birch, Charles 49
Bishop, Julie 41, 328
Bjelke-Petersen, Joh 157
Blair, Anne 272, 273
Blair, Tony 38, 292, 293
Blakers, Gordon 104
Blaxland, John 15, 168, 172, 174
Boer War 247, 249–50
Boggs, Dixon 93
Bolton, John 293
Borneo 134, 267–8
Boxer Rebellion 249
Boyce, Christopher 99, 108, 174, 178–9, 180
Brandis, George 26, 229, 242
Brandt, Willy 15
Brezhnev, Leonid 40, 103, 311
British–American SIGINT agreement 29
Brooks, Alfred 21, 22
Brown, Colin 165, 166, 181
Brownbill, George 11, 18, 181, 222
Bryant, Martin 227
Bulganin, Nikolai 22
Bunting, John 165
Burchett, Wilfred 282
Burgess, Mike 36
Burnet, Macfarlane 47–8, 57
Burton, John 8, 123, 259–60
Bush, George H.W. 140
Bush, George W. 38, 114, 286, 293, 305–6
Butement, W.A.S. 65
Butler, George 308
Cairns, Jim 154–5, 165, 171
Caldwell, Bill 130
Calvert, Ashton 27, 37–8
Calwell, Arthur 80, 81, 82, 83, 279–81
Cambodia 149, 282
Cameron, Clyde 154, 171
Campbell, Alec 253
Campbell, Duncan 118
Canberra Commission on the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons 308
Carter, Leo 176
Cartier Islands 187
Casey, Dick 21, 22, 126, 133, 270
Cawthorne, Walter 22, 272
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 7, 22
and ASIO 172, 178–9, 181, 182
