62. To be sure - to make also the bad counter-reckoning against such religions, and to bring to light their secret dangers - the cost is always excessive and terrible when religions do NOT operate as an educational and disciplinary medium in the hands of the philosopher, but rule voluntarily and PARAMOUNTLY, when they wish to be the final end, and not a means along with other means. Among men, as among all other animals, there is a surplus of defective, diseased, degenerating, infirm, and necessarily suffering individuals; the successful cases, among men also, are always the exception; and in view of the fact that man is THE ANIMAL NOT YET PROPERLY ADAPTED TO HIS ENVIRONMENT, the rare exception. But worse still. The higher the type a man represents, the greater is the improbability that he will SUCCEED; the accidental, the law of irrationality in the general constitution of mankind, manifests itself most terribly in its destructive effect on the higher orders of men, the conditions of whose lives are delicate, diverse, and difficult to determine. What, then, is the attitude of the two greatest religions above-mentioned to the SURPLUS of failures in life? They endeavour to preserve and keep alive whatever can be preserved; in fact, as the religions FOR SUFFERERS, they take the part of these upon principle; they are always in favour of those who suffer from life as from a disease, and they would fain treat every other experience of life as false and impossible. However highly we may esteem this indulgent and preservative care (inasmuch as in applying to others, it has applied, and applies also to the highest and usually the most suffering type of man), the hitherto PARAMOUNT religions - to give a general appreciation of them - are among the principal causes which have kept the type of "man" upon a lower level - they have preserved too much THAT WHICH SHOULD HAVE PERISHED. One has to thank them for invaluable services; and who is sufficiently rich in gratitude not to feel poor at the contemplation of all that the "spiritual men" of Christianity have done for Europe hitherto! But when they had given comfort to the sufferers, courage to the oppressed and despairing, a staff and support to the helpless, and when they had allured from society into convents and spiritual penitentiaries the broken-hearted and distracted: what else had they to do in order to work systematically in that fashion, and with a good conscience, for the preservation of all the sick and suffering, which means, in deed and in truth, to work for the DETERIORATION OF THE EUROPEAN RACE? To REVERSE all estimates of value - THAT is what they had to do! And to shatter the strong, to spoil great hopes, to cast suspicion on the delight in beauty, to break down everything autonomous, manly, conquering, and imperious - all instincts which are natural to the highest and most successful type of "man" - into uncertainty, distress of conscience, and self-destruction; forsooth, to invert all love of the earthly and of supremacy over the earth, into hatred of the earth and earthly things - THAT is the task the Church imposed on itself, and was obliged to impose, until, according to its standard of value, "unworldliness," "unsensuousness," and "higher man" fused into one sentiment. If one could observe the strangely painful, equally coarse and refined comedy of European Christianity with the derisive and impartial eye of an Epicurean god, I should think one would never cease marvelling and laughing; does it not actually seem that some single will has ruled over Europe for eighteen centuries in order to make a SUBLIME ABORTION of man? He, however, who, with opposite requirements (no longer Epicurean) and with some divine hammer in his hand, could approach this almost voluntary degeneration and stunting of mankind, as exemplified in the European Christian (Pascal, for instance), would he not have to cry aloud with rage, pity, and horror: "Oh, you bunglers, presumptuous pitiful bunglers, what have you done! Was that a work for your hands? How you have hacked and botched my finest stone! What have you presumed to do!" - I should say that Christianity has hitherto been the most portentous of presumptions. Men, not great enough, nor hard enough, to be entitled as artists to take part in fashioning MAN; men, not sufficiently strong and far-sighted to ALLOW, with sublime self-constraint, the obvious law of the thousandfold failures and perishings to prevail; men, not sufficiently noble to see the radically different grades of rank and intervals of rank that separate man from man: - SUCH men, with their "equality before God," have hitherto swayed the destiny of Europe; until at last a dwarfed, almost ludicrous species has been produced, a gregarious animal, something obliging, sickly, mediocre, the European of the present day.
CHAPTER IV. APOPHTHEGMS AND INTERLUDES
63. He who is a thorough teacher takes things seriously - and even himself - only in relation to his pupils.
64. "Knowledge for its own sake" - that is the last snare laid by morality: we are thereby completely entangled in morals once more.
65. The charm of knowledge would be small, were it not so much shame has to be overcome on the way to it.
65A. We are most dishonourable towards our God: he is not PERMITTED to sin.
66. The tendency of a person to allow himself to be degraded, robbed, deceived, and exploited might be the diffidence of a God among men.
67. Love to one only is a barbarity, for it is exercised at the expense of all others. Love to God also!
68. "I did that," says my memory. "I could not have done that," says my pride, and remains inexorable. Eventually - the memory yields.
69. One has regarded life carelessly, if one has failed to see the hand that - kills with leniency.
70. If a man has character, he has also his typical experience, which always recurs.
71. THE SAGE AS ASTRONOMER. - So long as thou feelest the stars as an "above thee," thou lackest the eye of the discerning one.
72. It is not the strength, but the duration of great sentiments that makes great men.
73. He who attains his ideal, precisely thereby surpasses it.
73A. Many a peacock hides his tail from every eye - and calls it his pride.
74. A man of genius is unbearable, unless he possess at least two things besides: gratitude and purity.
75. The degree and nature of a man's sensuality extends to the highest altitudes of his spirit.
76. Under peaceful conditions the militant man attacks himself.
77. With his principles a man seeks either to dominate, or justify, or honour, or reproach, or conceal his habits: two men with the same principles probably seek fundamentally different ends therewith.
78. He who despises himself, nevertheless esteems himself thereby, as a despiser.
79. A soul which knows that it is loved, but does not itself love, betrays its sediment: its dregs come up.
80. A thing that is explained ceases to concern us - What did the God mean who gave the advice, "Know thyself!" Did it perhaps imply "Cease to be concerned about thyself! become objective!" - And Socrates? - And the "scientific man"?
81. It is terrible to die of thirst at sea. Is it necessary that you should so salt your truth that it will no longer - quench thirst?
82. "Sympathy for all" - would be harshness and tyranny for THEE, my good neighbour.
83. INSTINCT - When the house is on fire one forgets even the dinner - Yes, but one recovers it from among the ashes.
84. Woman learns how to hate in proportion as she - forgets how to charm.
85. The same emotions are in man and woman, but in different TEMPO, on that account man and woman never cease to misunderstand each other.
86. In the background of all their personal vanity, women themselves have still their impersonal scorn - for "woman".
87. FETTERED HEART, FREE SPIRIT - When one firmly fetters one's heart and keeps it prisoner, one can allow one's spirit many liberties: I said this once before But people do not believe it when I say so, unless they know it already.
88. One begins to distrust very clever persons when they become embarrassed.
89. Dreadful experiences raise the question whether he who experiences them is not something dreadful also.
90. Heavy, melancholy men turn lighter, and come temporarily to their surface, precisely by that which makes others heavy - by hatred and love.
91. So cold, so
icy, that one burns one's finger at the touch of him! Every hand that lays hold of him shrinks back! - And for that very reason many think him red-hot.
92. Who has not, at one time or another - sacrificed himself for the sake of his good name?
93. In affability there is no hatred of men, but precisely on that account a great deal too much contempt of men.
94. The maturity of man - that means, to have reacquired the seriousness that one had as a child at play.
95. To be ashamed of one's immorality is a step on the ladder at the end of which one is ashamed also of one's morality.
96. One should part from life as Ulysses parted from Nausicaa - blessing it rather than in love with it.
97. What? A great man? I always see merely the play-actor of his own ideal.
98. When one trains one's conscience, it kisses one while it bites.
99. THE DISAPPOINTED ONE SPEAKS - "I listened for the echo and I heard only praise."
100. We all feign to ourselves that we are simpler than we are, we thus relax ourselves away from our fellows.
101. A discerning one might easily regard himself at present as the animalization of God.
102. Discovering reciprocal love should really disenchant the lover with regard to the beloved. "What! She is modest enough to love even you? Or stupid enough? Or - or - -"
103. THE DANGER IN HAPPINESS. - "Everything now turns out best for me, I now love every fate: - who would like to be my fate?"
104. Not their love of humanity, but the impotence of their love, prevents the Christians of today - burning us.
105. The pia fraus is still more repugnant to the taste (the "piety") of the free spirit (the "pious man of knowledge") than the impia fraus. Hence the profound lack of judgment, in comparison with the Church, characteristic of the type "free spirit" - as ITS non-freedom.
106. By means of music the very passions enjoy themselves.
107. A sign of strong character, when once the resolution has been taken, to shut the ear even to the best counter-arguments. Occasionally, therefore, a will to stupidity.
108. There is no such thing as moral phenomena, but only a moral interpretation of phenomena.
109. The criminal is often enough not equal to his deed: he extenuates and maligns it.
110. The advocates of a criminal are seldom artists enough to turn the beautiful terribleness of the deed to the advantage of the doer.
111. Our vanity is most difficult to wound just when our pride has been wounded.
112. To him who feels himself preordained to contemplation and not to belief, all believers are too noisy and obtrusive; he guards against them.
113. "You want to prepossess him in your favour? Then you must be embarrassed before him."
114. The immense expectation with regard to sexual love, and the coyness in this expectation, spoils all the perspectives of women at the outset.
115. Where there is neither love nor hatred in the game, woman's play is mediocre.
116. The great epochs of our life are at the points when we gain courage to rebaptize our badness as the best in us.
117. The will to overcome an emotion, is ultimately only the will of another, or of several other, emotions.
118. There is an innocence of admiration: it is possessed by him to whom it has not yet occurred that he himself may be admired some day.
119. Our loathing of dirt may be so great as to prevent our cleaning ourselves - "justifying" ourselves.
120. Sensuality often forces the growth of love too much, so that its root remains weak, and is easily torn up.
121. It is a curious thing that God learned Greek when he wished to turn author - and that he did not learn it better.
122. To rejoice on account of praise is in many cases merely politeness of heart - and the very opposite of vanity of spirit.
123. Even concubinage has been corrupted - by marriage.
124. He who exults at the stake, does not triumph over pain, but because of the fact that he does not feel pain where he expected it. A parable.
125. When we have to change an opinion about any one, we charge heavily to his account the inconvenience he thereby causes us.
126. A nation is a detour of nature to arrive at six or seven great men. - Yes, and then to get round them.
127. In the eyes of all true women science is hostile to the sense of shame. They feel as if one wished to peep under their skin with it - or worse still! under their dress and finery.
128. The more abstract the truth you wish to teach, the more must you allure the senses to it.
129. The devil has the most extensive perspectives for God; on that account he keeps so far away from him: - the devil, in effect, as the oldest friend of knowledge.
130. What a person IS begins to betray itself when his talent decreases, - when he ceases to show what he CAN do. Talent is also an adornment; an adornment is also a concealment.
131. The sexes deceive themselves about each other: the reason is that in reality they honour and love only themselves (or their own ideal, to express it more agreeably). Thus man wishes woman to be peaceable: but in fact woman is ESSENTIALLY unpeaceable, like the cat, however well she may have assumed the peaceable demeanour.
132. One is punished best for one's virtues.
133. He who cannot find the way to HIS ideal, lives more frivolously and shamelessly than the man without an ideal.
134. From the senses originate all trustworthiness, all good conscience, all evidence of truth.
135. Pharisaism is not a deterioration of the good man; a considerable part of it is rather an essential condition of being good.
136. The one seeks an accoucheur for his thoughts, the other seeks some one whom he can assist: a good conversation thus originates.
137. In intercourse with scholars and artists one readily makes mistakes of opposite kinds: in a remarkable scholar one not infrequently finds a mediocre man; and often, even in a mediocre artist, one finds a very remarkable man.
138. We do the same when awake as when dreaming: we only invent and imagine him with whom we have intercourse - and forget it immediately.
139. In revenge and in love woman is more barbarous than man.
140. ADVICE AS A RIDDLE. - "If the band is not to break, bite it first - secure to make!"
141. The belly is the reason why man does not so readily take himself for a God.
142. The chastest utterance I ever heard: "Dans le veritable amour c'est l'ame qui enveloppe le corps."
143. Our vanity would like what we do best to pass precisely for what is most difficult to us. - Concerning the origin of many systems of morals.
144. When a woman has scholarly inclinations there is generally something wrong with her sexual nature. Barrenness itself conduces to a certain virility of taste; man, indeed, if I may say so, is "the barren animal."
145. Comparing man and woman generally, one may say that woman would not have the genius for adornment, if she had not the instinct for the SECONDARY role.
146. He who fights with monsters should be careful lest he thereby become a monster. And if thou gaze long into an abyss, the abyss will also gaze into thee.
147. From old Florentine novels - moreover, from life: Buona femmina e mala femmina vuol bastone. - Sacchetti, Nov. 86.
148. To seduce their neighbour to a favourable opinion, and afterwards to believe implicitly in this opinion of their neighbour - who can do this conjuring trick so well as women?
149. That which an age considers evil is usually an unseasonable echo of what was formerly considered good - the atavism of an old ideal.
150. Around the hero everything becomes a tragedy; around the demigod everything becomes a satyr-play; and around God everything becomes - what? perhaps a "world"?
151. It is not enough to possess a talent: one must also have your permission to possess it; - eh, my friends?
152. "Where there is the tree of knowledge, there is always Paradise": so say the most ancient and the most
modern serpents.
153. What is done out of love always takes place beyond good and evil.
154. Objection, evasion, joyous distrust, and love of irony are signs of health; everything absolute belongs to pathology.
155. The sense of the tragic increases and declines with sensuousness.
156. Insanity in individuals is something rare - but in groups, parties, nations, and epochs it is the rule.
157. The thought of suicide is a great consolation: by means of it one gets successfully through many a bad night.
158. Not only our reason, but also our conscience, truckles to our strongest impulse - the tyrant in us.
159. One MUST repay good and ill; but why just to the person who did us good or ill?
160. One no longer loves one's knowledge sufficiently after one has communicated it.
161. Poets act shamelessly towards their experiences: they exploit them.
162. "Our fellow-creature is not our neighbour, but our neighbour's neighbour": - so thinks every nation.
163. Love brings to light the noble and hidden qualities of a lover - his rare and exceptional traits: it is thus liable to be deceptive as to his normal character.
164. Jesus said to his Jews: "The law was for servants; - love God as I love him, as his Son! What have we Sons of God to do with morals!"
165. IN SIGHT OF EVERY PARTY. - A shepherd has always need of a bell-wether - or he has himself to be a wether occasionally.
Beyond Good and Evil Page 7
