The Boundless Sea
Page 143
Mongol attacks on 221, 222–8
paintings 198
paper 200, 201, 213, 743
pearls 216, 221
peasants 213
‘People of the Sea’ 213
and Philippines 617, 622, 628–30, 632, 633, 648, 652–3
Polo’s account of 221
and the Portuguese 606–7, 628, 630, 632, 635–8, 639, 642, 647, 653, 654, 692–3; and access to Chinese silk 652; and Dutch 692–3; and Hideyoshi 646–7; and Jesuits 644, 646–7; translation of Portuguese sailing manuals into Japanese 644
pottery see pottery/ceramics: Japanese
power fragmentation in 14th century 230, 231
and rice 808, 847
and the Russians see Russia: and the Japanese
and Ryukyu Islands 229–30, 232, 614
sake 212
samurai 223–4, 225, 644, 649
on Schöner’s globe 572
seafaring 199
and Second World War 887–8, 890, 891
Shikoku island 218
shipbuilding 212, 896
ships see boats/ships: Japanese
shogunate abolition (1868) 847
Shōsō-in imperial treasury, Nara 194, 207, 217
and Siam 220
and silk 194, 200, 201, 628, 630, 633, 847
silver 638, 641, 642, 647, 801, 847
and the Spanish 627, 629–30, 632, 633, 652–3; and Dutch 692
Takashima 227
and tea 215–16, 230, 649, 847
trade see trade: Japanese
Tsushima see Tsushima island
and the USA 846–7; and Second World War 888
and Vietnam 632
wakō pirates 218, 219, 220, 222, 637, 638
and Waldseemüller 556
and Wallem 872
Japan current xv
Japan Sea 6, 43, 198, 200
Jardine, William 824, 825, 827
Jarlshof, Shetland 372
Java/Javans 7, 113, 154, 162, 272, 279–81, 287, 689, 736
Batavia see Batavia/Batavians
and Britain 820
and China 163–4, 188, 244, 260, 262, 268–9, 280–81, 286–7
and the Dutch 688
and Japan 220
Majapahit kingdom 279–81, 284–5, 287, 290
merchants 292
and Mongols 228, 272, 279
and Norway 871
Parameśvara and Javan rule over Sumatra 287, 289–90
Polo and ‘Great Java’ 272, 280, 734
and the Portuguese 578
and Ryukyu Islands 233
ships 285; junks 548, 549, 606
and Singapore/Temasek 284–5, 286, 288, 289
spice merchants in 250
and Śri Vijaya 159, 160, 272–3, 279–80, 287
trade 163–4
Jefferson, Thomas 792
Jeffreys, George, 1st Baron 777
Jehosaphat 82
Jelling, Jutland 353
Jenkinson, Anthony 659–60, 706
Jerónimo de Jesús de Castro 653
Jeronymites 589
Jerusalem 460, 523, 531, 537
Temple 80, 81, 728
and Third Crusade 449
Jesuits 628, 640, 642, 643, 644–7, 648, 653
and Franciscans 653
jet 141
jewellery 141, 265 see also specific gemstones
American silver coins melted down for 754
bracelets see bracelets
brooches 326, 353
Crown Jewels 450
Lapita 15
necklaces 56, 102
Jews 52, 96
Adeni 181
of Alexandria 99
anti-Semitism 697, 700, 855, 884
in Azores 840
bankers 450, 855
of Cairo 124, 536
in China 238
and citron 178
and England 700, 769–70, 839
and flax 176, 178
forced conversion: to Christianity 537; to Islam 181
French anti-Semitism 855
of Fustat 176
Genizah documents 174, 175–6, 182, 184
German 422, 886
Gibraltar settlement 656
impurity laws and eastern drinking vessels 174, 187
and the Inquisition 699, 700
in Jamaica 773
Khazars 171
London’s Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue 700, 838
Majorcan 480
in Manchester 839
in Mangalore 186
merchants 175–6, 181, 183, 184, 238, 354, 697–702, 834, 841
Mizrahi 841
Moroccan 697, 836–8, 840–41
Muslim governments’ relationship with 836–8
of Persian origin 184
and the Portuguese 536, 537, 697, 699–700, 701, 702, 717–18, 772–3, 838, 840 see also Christianity: Portuguese New Christians (of Jewish origin); children from Portugal sent to São Tomé 493, 494
‘purity of blood’ doctrine and hiding of Jewish ancestry 696
Red Sea and Jewish–Christian confrontation 130, 166–7
Sephardic see Sephardim
and silk 176
in Singapore 823
in Spain 698
suspected secret Jews: in the Canaries 697; in Havana 592
Tabernacles Feast 178
Yemenite 181, 182
Jian-wen 251
Jiddah 595, 598, 602
Jikaku Daishi (Ennin) 202–9, 210–11
Jingdezhen 174
João I of Portugal 476, 477, 484
João II of Portugal 494, 496, 508, 512, 513, 514, 527, 537
John, king of England 449, 469
John I of Portugal 469
John, Prester 46, 512, 523, 536, 540
Johnson, Lyndon B. 903
Johor 239, 679, 818, 821
Jon Grønlænder 405–6
Jordan 83
Josephus 135
Jourdain, John 689, 690
Jtj (wife of Parekhou) 77
Juana la Beltraneja 505
Juana the Mad, queen of Castile 555
Julfa 706 see also New Julfan merchants
Jungdezhen 649
junks xx, 134, 137, 233, 234, 575, 637
Chinese 135, 217, 243, 246, 247, 259, 270, 278, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 628, 636, 638, 781, 867
Japanese 628, 637
Javanese 548, 549, 606
Melakan 643
and the Portuguese 636, 637, 642, 643
Jutes 344, 347, 348
Jutland 685
battle of 882
Ka‘aba, Mecca 163, 171
Kahiki 25
Kaiana, Hawai’ian prince 814–15
Kaifeng 238
Kalevala 366
Kalinga 288
Kalpe see Gibraltar
Kamakura 212, 214, 215, 217, 223, 224, 229
Kamara (Puhar) 119
Kamaran Island 601
Kamchatka Peninsula 800, 802, 803, 807
Kamehameha I of Hawai’i 814, 815, 816, 817
Kamehameha II of Hawai’i 816–17
Kané 123
Kane (god) 26
Kangp’a see Chang Pogo
Kanton, near Stockholm 725
kaolin 650
Karachi 63, 91
Karelians 422
Karl Hundason, king of the Scots 376
Katharine Sturmy 461
Kathāsaritsāgara 143
Kattigara 121, 143
Kaua’i 25, 814, 815
Kaundinya 140, 141
Kaupang, Norway 353, 355, 365, 390
Kawano Michiari 224–5
kayaks 399
Keats, John 565
Kedah 152, 161
kelp 196
Kemal Reis 607, 610
Kempe, Margery 452
Kendrick, John 792, 793, 794
Ken’in (Buddhist monk) 202
Kennedy, John F. 903
Kent 360
Ketill the Fool 386
&nbs
p; Kettler, Jacob 719, 720
Khazars 171
Khmer kingdom/kings 140–41, 158
and Champa 249–50
and Song China 244
Kholmogory 660
Khubilai Khan 221, 222, 223, 224, 227, 228, 247, 248, 263, 272
Ki no Misu 204
Kidd, William 761
Kiev/Rus 365, 367, 423
Kilwa 131, 176, 543, 546, 547, 568
Kim Yang 211
kingfisher feathers 135, 139
King’s Mirror 399, 400
Kingston Bay, Jamaica 771, 778, 855
Kiribati Islands 14, 31, 614
Kiritimati 31
Kish/Qays 173–4, 180
Klysma 102, 117
knives 194
knǫrrs 371, 385, 390–91
Koch, John 330
Kodiak Island 793, 805
Kōfuko-ji monastery, Nara 235
Koguryō, Korea 192, 194
Kola Peninsula 658–9
Kolkata see Calcutta
Kollam 183–4
Komr 158
Kon-Tiki 27, 28
Kongo slaves 493, 503
Konstantin of Novgorod 427
Koptos 78, 111, 112, 113, 116
Korea
and Buddhism 166, 194, 198
celadon 232
and China 189, 191, 192, 198, 210, 236, 239, 244, 245, 287, 650
and Christianity 695
House of Li 219
and Japan 190, 191–9, 200, 204, 223, 225, 646, 649–51
Kim dynasty 193
Koguryō kingdom 192, 194
Koryō 219, 222, 223
merchants 189, 207; merchant communities from Quanzhou 245
and Mongols 222, 249
navy 650–51
North 193
Paekche kingdom 192, 194
Parhae kingdom 194, 197–8
and Red Sea 117
and Ryukyu Islands 232, 234
ships 206, 650–51
silk 244, 247
Silla kingdom 192–3, 194, 195, 197, 198, 199, 204, 211
slaves 210
tea bowls 649
trade 194, 198, 216, 630
Kōrokan, Japan 196–7
Koryō, Korea 219, 222, 223
Kos, Greek island 116
Kosh, Socotra 129
Kosmas Indikopleustes 130
Kowloon 828
Kra Isthmus 137, 144, 273
Krakatoa 119
Kronstadt, Baltic 807, 809
Kruzenshtern, Johann-Anton von 806–9
Kulami 182
Kumiai Indians 28
Kunemura 232
Kupe, Polynesian navigator 32–6
Kuril Islands 797, 803, 804
Kurland 715–16, 719
Kuroshio current xv
Kuwait 54, 67
Kuy (war-god) 26
Kwallŭk 194
Kylsant, Owen Philipps, 1st Baron 883–4
Kylsant Royal Mail 883–4
Kyoto/Heian 212, 216–17, 218, 223, 228, 644
Minamoto assault on 230
Tōfuku-ji monastery 218
Kyushu island 191, 195, 196, 197, 204, 208, 215, 216–17, 218, 220, 652 see also Hakata (Fukoaka)
and Hideyoshi 646
Japanese converts to Christianity 654
pirates (wakō) 218
La Gomera 589
La Isabela 528, 585–6, 588
La Navidad 585
La Pérouse, Jean-François de Galaup, comte de 809, 812
La Tène culture 326, 330, 332, 334
Labrador 464, 533, 557
Greenland given name of 534–5
lacquer 220
boxes xix, 216, 703
Lady Hughes 788
Lady Washington 792, 793
Lagash 64, 65
Lagos, Algarve 497–9, 502
Lancaster, James 687–9
Langdon Bay, Kent 319–20, 321
Lanzarote 471, 472, 473
Laodicea 108, 122
lapis lazuli 57, 59, 62, 107, 194, 202, 238
Lapita people/culture 11–16, 19
agronomy 12
boats 15–16
horticulture 12–13
pottery 12, 14
trade 15
Lapps/Sami 373, 655
larch 408
Las Casas, Bartolomé de 554, 582, 584, 585, 591
Las Coles 585
Lasa 265
Latin 111–12
Latvia 420, 422
peasants 719
Lavenham 453
Lavrador, João Fernandes 534
Lazarus, Emma 860
Le Havre 562, 564
lead 333, 640
Leander 807
leather 455, 839
Lebanon 81, 91
Ledyard, John 785
Lee Kuan Yew 894
Legázpi, Miguel López de 615, 616, 618
Leif Eiríksson (Leif the Lucky) 400, 407, 410, 411, 413
Leisler, Jacob 782–3
lemons 573, 752
juice 688
lemurs, giant 133
leopards 99, 266
skins 323
Lesseps, Ferdinand de 849, 854
lettuce 643
Leuké Komé 115
Levant Company 691
Levant trade 460–61
Lewis, Bernard 836
Lewis, David 13
Lewis chessmen 397
Liang shu 137
Libelle of Englyshe Polycye 455
Libya/Libyans 73, 79, 90
Liefde, De 631, 691
life expectancy 307
Lima 697
Limahon 625, 627
limes 573, 752
limewood 339
Limyriké 109
Lin Feng/Limahon 625, 627
Lin Zexu 825–6
Lindisfarme 360, 364, 372
linen 373, 444, 457, 540, 548, 624
Linnaeus, Carl 725
lions 99, 259, 266, 269, 276
skins 323
liquorice 194
Lisbon xxii, 370, 468, 469, 470, 476, 477, 487, 510, 545, 600, 606, 617, 648, 676, 701, 840
archives 594, 634
businessmen funding transatlantic voyages 525
Castilian siege of 476
and the Dutch 677, 682–3
investors 561, 703
and Madeiran sugar 485
shipbuilding 484
and spices 682–3, 684
unloading of cargoes in transit to avoid customs in 745, 751
Litany of Oengus 381
Lithuania 437, 452
Liubice 423
Liujiagang 268, 270
Liverpool 864, 865, 866, 868, 871, 873, 874, 875, 880, 885, 887
air raids 891
post-war recovery of shipping companies 897
and Second World War 891, 892
Livonia/Livs 420–21, 441
Livorno 619, 676, 682, 700, 772, 838, 872
Lixus 323
Lloyds 861
Lo Yueh 135
Loaísa, Garcia Jofre de 579
lodestones 243, 370
Lomellini family 470
London 419, 438, 780, 885
air raids and damage 891, 892, 896
and Bensaúde 840
and Bristol cloth 458
cosmopolitanism 455
Genoese in 455
and Greek merchants 872–3
and Hansards 447–8, 449, 450, 453
and Italians 454–5
and Navigation Act (1651) 780
New Christians of 700, 708
and New Julfans 706
Port of 454, 839, 880, 891, 892, 896, 897; docks 904
post-war recovery 897
Royal African Company 760
Royal Exchange 669
Royal Society 792, 820
and under-sea cables 864
Sephardim 701
Spaniards in 455
Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue 700, 838
Steelyard and the Han
sard Kontor 447–8, 453
tax exemptions 455
Viking raid on 360
and wool 454
London, SS 860–61
London Missionary Society 813
Long Melford 453
Longe, William 456
longitude, fixing 16, 731, 812
Loos, Wouter 740
Lopes Pereira, Manuel 704
Lopez, Fernando 755–6
Lopius, Marcus 793
Lothal 63, 64
Lotus Sutra 199–200, 215
Louis the Pious 337
Louis XI 459
Louis XII 559–60
Louis XIV 720
Louisiana, USS 859
Love Boat 900
Low Countries
Flanders see Flanders
Netherlands see Netherlands/Holland and the Dutch
and Portuguese merchants avoiding customs duties 745
Portuguese sugar imports 669
and Spain 673, 685 see also Netherlands/Holland and the Dutch: and the Spanish
Low German language 426
Middle Low German 423
Lu-Enlilla 58–9, 65
Lu-Mešlamtaë 59
Lu Xun 138
Luanda, Angola 593, 701
Lübeck 418, 419, 422, 423, 424–6, 427, 429, 440–41, 444, 445, 447, 449, 450, 452, 470
Alt-Lübeck 423
Bone-Cutter Rebellions 440
and Hansa Diets 432, 433, 436, 437
herring 430
Lübeckers in England 449–50
marzipan emporium 429
New Council 440–41
salt 430–31
Society of the Circle 440, 442
Lucca 454
Lucena, Vasco Fernandes de 513
Lucian of Samosata 102
Lucqua (Hong merchant) 808
Luftwaffe 889
Lüneburg Heath 431
Luo Mao-deng: The Grand Director of the Three Treasures Goes Down to the Western Ocean 254, 259, 265
Lusitania, RMS 882
luxury goods 58, 75, 82, 139, 192, 199, 215, 217, 232, 349, 420, 427 see also specific goods by name
Arctic 412, 414, 415
Chinese customs rates on 241–2, 273
European demand from new colonies in mid-16th century 588
exotic luxuries see exoticism: exotic goods, luxuries and foods
and German Hansa 420, 427
and Hawai’i 816
Japan and Portuguese luxuries 647
Mediterranean 672
and Russia 802
Luzon island 616, 618, 622
ceramics 652
Lvov 708
lychees 246–7
Lydia 85
Lynn, England 447, 449, 451–2, 462
Steelyard 453
lynx 306
Lyons 562
Ma Huan 256–7, 261, 264–5, 269–70, 280
Maasvlakte 897
Mabuchi Kamo 847
Macaronesia 481–96, 745–55 see also Azores; Canary Islands; Cape Verde Islands; Madeira
Macassar 10
Macau (Macao) xviii, xxix, 592, 617, 627–8, 634, 638–42, 648, 709, 725, 787, 808, 826
‘black ships’ of Macau/Great Ship of Amacon 641–2, 644, 645–6, 647
and the British 806
and gambling 907
and Japan 635, 638, 639, 642, 644, 654
Jesuits 645
and New Julfans 706