by Alan Palmer
KA: Krasnyi Arkhiv (Moscow).
Pan. Pap.: G. Douglas and G. D . Ramsay (eds), The Panmure Papers.
PRO: Public Record Office, Kew
QVL: A. C. Benson and Viscount Esher, Letters of Queen Victoria, first series.
RS: Russkaia Starina.
S-A: Lettres du Maréchal Saint-Arnaud, Vol. 2.
SEER: Slavonic and East European Review (London).
Tarte: E. Tarlé, Krymskaia Voina
Temp.: H. Temperley, Britain and the Near East: The Crimea.
TG: Temple Godman letters in P. Warner (ed.), The Fields of War.
Zai.: Zaionchkovskii, A. A., Vostochnaiia voina v sovremennoi i politicheskoi obstanovki.
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Articles Cited in Text from Periodicals
Adye, John M., ‘The Battle of the Alma, a contemporary account’ , ed. W. Y. Baldry, JSAHR; 17 (1938), pp. 223-6.
Anderson, Olive, ‘Cabinet Government and the Crimean War’, EHR, LXXXIX (July 1964) , pp. 548-81.
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If you enjoyed The Banner of Battle you might enjoy The Kaiser by Alan Palmer, also published by Endeavour Press.
Extract from The Kaiser by Alan Palmer
Preface
No ruler has been so lauded and reviled by the British public as Queen Victoria's firstborn grandson, Kaiser William II. His birth was welcomed in London as though he were an English rather than a Prussian prince. As he grew older, the Queen granted him a succession of honorific innovations: he became the youngest foreign Knight of the Garter, the first sovereign from overseas created an Admiral of the Fleet, the first given the colonelcy of a British regiment. Although Victoria deplored the wild words and impulsive gestures with which he disturbed Europe, he remained deeply attached to his grandmother, hurrying to her deathbed in 1901, supporting her with his one sound arm through the last hours of her life. Nine years later he offered a hand of friendship to his cousin, George V, as they stood together before the catafalque of his uncle, Edward VII, in Westminster Hall. On such occasions the London crowd, as sentimental as himself, saw in William one of their own royal family, while he wrote privately back to Berlin describing his emotional pride in being able to look upon Windsor as `my second home'. As late as July 1911 he was cheered in the London streets, receiving a standing ovation when he went to the theatre.
By 1915, of course, he had become the most hated man in England. Four years later he experienced the last of his 'firsts': he became the first emperor arraigned in a peace treaty for 'a supreme offence against international morality'; and he was threatened with trial before a commission of judges from the five Great Powers victorious in the war he was alleged to have unleashed. For many people the catastrophe of 1914-18 remains 'the Kaiser's War', just as its successor is 'Hitler's War'. This identification of his person with the great disaster was encouraged by many of the political memoirs of the interwar period. Bülow and others readily blamed William for the bankruptcy of policies which they had imposed upon him. Hostile critics seized on his flight to the Netherlands as proof of his inadequacy as a ruler. It was convenient for writers of the Left and the new Right to have a Hohenzollern scapegoat on whose delight in martial speeches they could pour such withering scorn. He was cast as the fall-guy of imperialism: there are many who still see him in this role. Others, however, regret his downfall and the collapse of the monarchical system in central Europe. For several years - most recently in 1973 - an 'In Memoriam' notice appeared in The Times each January on the anniversary of his birth, praising the Kaiser's record as an opponent of both the Nazi and the Bolshevik ways of life. It is not always easy to recognize the All-Highest autocrat of Potsdam in the modern dress bestowed on him by some sympathizers. But was he, for that matter, readily recognizable in mourning at Osborne in 1901 or in mufti at Highcliffe in 1907? Throughout his reign and his exile William behaved as though he were dominating the gallery of life immediately around him. This was an illusion. He thought he stood out as a portrait: in reality, he was a mirror, catching the image of what he himself perceived.
