by Ben Shapiro
Blackstone, 123
Bloom, Allan, 50
Boethius, 64
Boniface VIII, Pope, 74
Boreing, Jeremy, xx
Bouie, Jamelle, 203
Branden, Nathaniel, 195
Brandt, Karl, 156
Breitbart News, xxii
Britain, 121, 127
Brookhiser, Richard, 11
Brothers Karamazov, The (Dostoyevsky), 116
Browder, Sue Ellin, 168
Brubaker, William Rogers, 129
Buck v. Bell, 155–56
Buddhism, 29
bureaucracy, 139–44, 153, 156
Burke, Edmund, 127–28
Byzantine Empire, 63
Cain, 32
Calvin, John, 75, 82, 100
Candide (Voltaire), 107
capacity, death of, 111–15. See also communal or collective capacity; individual capacity
capitalism, xviii, xxiii, 135–36, 154, 188–91, 197, 209–10
Carmichael, Stokely, 198
categorical imperative, 109–10, 118
Catholic Church, 61, 63, 65–66, 71, 74–76, 79–83, 100–101, 123, 125–26, 180
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 147
Chase, Stuart, 151
checks and balances, 50, 53, 85, 87
Chesterton, G. K., 217
children
as property of state, 142
sacrifice of, 212–13
training, to defend eternal truths, 213–19
China, 150, 152, 179
choice, 21, 32–33, 168, 174, 185
chosen people, 20, 29–30, 56, 214
Christianity, 21, 57–71, 127, 180, 187
church-state separation, 71, 97–98
Cicero, 50–51, 64, 87, 88
citizenship, 49–50, 56–57, 60, 80, 86, 97–98, 129, 142
City of God, City of Man and, 60–61, 63, 79
civic virtue, 14–15
civil rights movement, 187, 198
class antagonisms, 133–34, 137–38, 141, 207
classics, 39–41
Clausewitz, Carl von, 130
Clement of Alexandria, 58
Clement VI, Pope, 80
Click, Melissa, xix
Clinton, Hillary, xiii, xxii, 204
Cloots, Anacharsis, 123
Coates, Ta-Nehisi, xvi, 200
cognitive behavioral therapy, 206–7
Cole, Harold L., 154
collectivism, xxv, 124–25. See also communal or collective capacity; communal or collective purpose
Founding Fathers and, 87
individual vs., 10, 15, 16
Marx and, 136–38
nationalism and, 133
redistribution and, 144–45, 149–56
common cause, 216–17
common good, 15
Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care (Spock), 194
Common Sense (Paine), 134
communal or collective capacity, 9, 15–18, 33
America and, 97, 144, 190–91
Athens and, 52, 53
bureaucracy and, 153
Catholic Church and, 65, 70–71
Communism and, 152
Founding Fathers and, 92–93
Judaism and, 36
nationalism and, 133
teaching children about, 216–17
communal or collective moral purpose, 9, 13–18, 33
America and, 98, 144, 190
Athens and, 52–53
bureaucracy and, 153
Catholic Church and, 70–72
Christianity and, 65
Communism and, 152
cultural Left and, 208
Founding Fathers and, 92
Judaism and, 20, 35–36
communism, 134–36, 147–53, 162
Communist Manifesto, The (Marx and Engels), 135–36, 137, 149
communitarianism, 52–53
community, 46, 49, 52–53, 143, 211
community of faith, 36
Comte, Auguste, 140–41, 143, 159, 161
Condorcet, Nicolas de, 122
Confucius, 40
Constantine, emperor of Rome, 62
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 69, 75–76
Counter-Enlightenment, 175
Crenshaw, Kimberlé, 199, 200
critical theory, 189–90
Cult of Reason, 123–24, 175
Cultural Revolution, 151
Cut, The (Singal), 195
Daily Wire, 1
Damore, James, 202, 203
Dante, 216
Dark Ages, 63–64
Darwin, Charles, 13, 69, 114–15, 141–44, 159, 169, 178
David, Jacques-Louis, 123, 126
Dawkins, Richard, 103, 212
Day, Vox, 208
Declaration of Independence, xxv, 87–88, 94, 125, 131, 144
Declaration of the Rights of Man, 125
Deism, 79, 106
democracy, xiv, 41, 48–51, 65, 80, 141–42, 149–50, 152
Democracy in America (Tocqueville), 93
Democratic National Convention (2012), 16
Democratic Socialists of America, 203
Democrats, xiii, xiv, 3, 200
Democritus, 43–44
Dennett, Daniel, 115
Depression, xv, 154
De revolutionibus (Copernicus), 75
Descartes, René, 78–79, 112, 162
Deuteronomy, 25, 33
Dewey, John, 141–44, 152, 155, 194
dictatorship of the proletariat, 149
Diderot, Denis, 122, 124, 180
Diocletian, emperor of Rome, 62
Discourses on Livy (Machiavelli), 80
Donatists, 61
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 115–17
Douglass, Frederick, 94
Down’s syndrome, 154
Dr. Drew Show, 183
Dreamers, 3
Dred Scott decision, 94
Du Bois, W. E. B., 152
Duranty, Walter, 151
Durkheim, Emile, 13
duties, 10, 84, 90, 124
Earth, movement of, 75
East, othering of, 40
Eastern Empire, 62–63
Eastern religions, 23
Ecclesiastes, 5, 13, 34
education, 65, 66, 137, 142
ego, 166
Egypt, ancient, 22–23, 31, 64, 101
Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon, The (Marx), 135
Einstein, Albert, 170
El-Bermanwy, Mostafa, xvii
elections
1972, 194
2008, 3–4
2016, xiii, xxii–xxiii, 4
Eliezer, Rabbi, 25
Elijah, 25
Emancipation Proclamation, xxv
Encyclopédie (Diderot), 122, 180
Engels, Friedrich, 135, 137
Enlightenment, xviii, 70, 74, 76, 98–100, 105–11, 121. See also Founding Fathers; neo-Enlightenment and specific individuals
American, 121–23, 127
bureaucracy and, 139
dark side of, 116–18, 121
European, 122–23, 126–27, 159–60
Jerusalem and Athens and, 121, 181–82, 210
neo-Enlightenment vs., 174–75
postwar era and, 159–64
reason and, 185–86
WW II and, 156–57
Enlightenment Now (Pinker), xviii, 174
equality, 32, 84, 88–89, 126, 128
Eros and Civilization (Marcuse), 191
ESPN Ashe Courage Award, 183
“Essay Concerning Human Understanding” (Locke), 89–90
ethics, 6, 48, 49, 77–78, 160–61, 171–72, 181
eugenics, 154–56, 159
evolution, 114, 169, 171, 173, 177. See also Darwin, Charles
existentialism, 160–65, 173, 184–85
Exodus, 24–25, 64
expertise, 142–43
Facebook, xvii
faith, 58–59, 65–69, 81–82, 171
fascism, 190–91
Federa
list Papers, 91
No. 51, 93
Feminine Mystique (Friedan), 198
feminism, 197–99
Festival of Reason, 123
Fichte, Johann, 132
Fiddler on the Roof (musical), 214
final causes, 45, 79, 102
First Amendment, xx
Fortin, Ernest, 69
Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, The (Chamberlain), 147
Founding Fathers, 2–3, 11, 17, 39, 51, 86–95, 99, 143, 144, 188, 209, 211
France, 63, 130–131
coup of 1851, 134–35
Revolution of 1789, 122–35, 139, 140, 170, 175
Franciscans, 75
Frankfurt School, 189–90, 196
Frankl, Viktor, 8, 11–12
Franklin, Benjamin, 11
freedom, xii, xxiv, 17, 41–42, 53, 79, 85, 100, 108, 112, 122, 136, 150, 190, 192, 200–201, 214–16
freedom of religion, 101, 104, 125
freedom of speech, 104, 125, 201, 207
free markets, 86, 135
free will, 32–33, 70, 99, 111, 112, 116, 165, 171, 181
Freud, Sigmund, 166–67, 191, 194
Friedan, Betty, 197–98
Friedman, Thomas, 152
Fromm, Erich, 190, 191
Frozen (film), 196
Fukuyama, Francis, 171
Galerius, emperor of Rome, 62
Galileo Galilei, 75–76
Gandhi, Mohandas, 156
gender equality, xii, 201
general will, 113, 122, 124–25, 128–29, 138, 143–44
Genesis, 9–10, 24, 32, 35, 84
Germany, 63, 145–47
Nazi, 147–48, 155–57, 189–91
Gideon, 36
Glendon, Mary Ann, 113
Glorious Revolution, 122
God. See also Unmoved Mover
Abraham and Isaac and, 212
antimaterialistic, 25–26
Aquinas and, 67–68
Christianity and, 58–59
covenant with, 33
Darwin and, 114–15
Descartes and, 79
death of, 117–18, 185
Dostoyevsky and, 115–16
Galileo and, 76
humans in image of, 10, 32–34
Judaism and unified, 20–28
Kierkegaard and, 161
Moses vs. Aristotle and, 55–56
progress and, 28–31
proofs of existence of, 67–68, 104–5
gods, 22, 25–26, 29, 31–32
Goldberg, Jonah, xviii, 151
Golden Rule, 110
Gospels, 57, 59
grace, 21, 58–59
Gramsci, Antonio, 189
Grand Designer, 46
“Grand Inquisitor” (Dostoyevsky), 115–16
Great Leap Forward, 151
Greece (Athens), xxiv–xxvii, 5, 17–18, 22, 28–29, 39–58, 64, 65–69, 89, 91, 180, 181, 209–10
Gregory VII, Pope, 63
Grotius, Hugo, 82–83
Groundhog Day (film), 209
gulags, 150
Hagar, 212
Haidt, Jonathan, 13, 45, 203, 207
Haley, Nikki, 200
Hamilton, Charles, 198
Hammurabi, 9, 31, 40
Hanukkah, 57
happiness, 1–9
Aristotle and, 53
Catholic Church and, 70
capacity and, 6, 9
communal capacity and, 15–17
communal purpose and, 13–17
Diderot on, 124
Divine meaning underlying, 17
Founding Fathers and, 89–95
four elements of, 17–18
Greeks and, 5–7, 49, 53–54
Hebrew Bible and, 5–7
individual capacity and, 11–13
individual purpose and, 9–13, 17
Judaism and four elements of, 33–37
maximizing, 106
moral purpose and, 5–9
need to regain individual and communal, 211–12
Nietzsche and, 119
politics and, 3–4
pursuit of, 2, 4–5, 17–18
Stone Age and, 209
Washington on, 7–8
Harari, Yuval Noah, 209–10
Harden, Kathryn Paige, 204
Harrington, 88
Harris, Sam, 177–79, 181–82, 203–4
Hasmonean dynasty, 57
Hazony, Yoram, 131, 175
Hebrew language, 25, 47
hedonism, xxv, 10, 107, 169
Hegel, Georg, 133, 137, 139, 141, 143, 159, 161, 172, 188
Heidegger, Martin, 148, 162, 184
heliocentric solar system, 69
Hemings, Sally, 94
Henry II, king of England, 63
Henry IV, Holy Roman emperor, 63
Heraclitus, 46
Herder, 175
Heying, Heather, 206
Hinduism, 28
Hispanics, xiv
history, 99
end of progress and, 209–10
Enlightenment and, 185
God of Abraham and, 55
Marx and, 136
pagans and circular movement of, 28–29
progress of, 20, 28–31, 35–36, 55, 132
state and, 130–31
Hitler, Adolf, 147, 149, 155, 159, 179
Hobbes, Thomas, 83–85, 88, 102–5, 110, 112, 125, 177
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 155
Holocaust, 8, 11–12, 156–57, 179, 213
Holy Roman Empire, 63
homosexuality, 167
Horkheimer, Max, 189–90
Horwitz, Robert, 141
Hughes, Donna, 201–2
Hugh of Saint-Victor, 66
humanism, xviii, 101, 154
human nature, xviii, 108, 113, 127, 136, 166, 168–69
human rights, xxiv, 41, 82–85, 140
Hume, David, 104–5, 112–13, 169, 172, 180
Huntington, Samuel, 171
id, 166
identity politics, 200, 204
idols, 23, 26, 27
Iliad, The (Homer), 29
immigrants, xxvi, 3
imperialism, 131, 133
individual capacity, 9, 11–13, 17, 33
America and, 97, 190–91
Athens and, 42, 52
Catholic Church and, 70
Christianity and, 65
cultural Left and, 208
evolutionary biology and, 169
Founding Fathers and, 91–92
Judaism and, 34, 42
nationalism and, 133, 144
need to regain, 211
teaching children about, 215–16
individualism, 16, 190–91, 200, 206
bureaucracy and, 138–39
collectivism and, 138, 144
existentialism and, 163–64
Hegel and, 132
Luther and, 81–82
polis and, 56–57
rise of, 83–87
individual moral purpose, 9–11, 15, 18
America and, 98, 190–91
Athens and, 52
Catholic Church and, 70
Christianity and, 65
communal capacity and, 18
Founding Fathers and, 91, 144
Judaism and, 20, 33–34
teaching children about, 215
individual rights, 84, 87, 98–99, 122, 124–25, 133, 139–40, 143
individual will, xxiv, 125
intersectionality, 196–209
IQ differences, 201, 203, 208
Isaac, 29, 212
Ishmael, 212
Islamic civilization, 65
“is-ought” distinction, 105, 169–70, 172
Israel, 29, 35, 101
Italy, fascist, 189
Jackson, Jesse, 39
Jacob, 29
Jaffa, Harry, 90
Japanese Americans, internment of, 157
Jaspers, Karl, 162, 184
“Jeannot et Colin” (Voltaire), 185
&n
bsp; Jefferson, Thomas, 2–3, 87–89, 91–94, 143
Jenner, Caitlyn, 183–84
Jeremiah, Rabbi, 25
Jesus Christ, 58–60, 67, 70, 212
“Jewishness in Music” (Wagner), 146
Jewish Temple, 57
destruction of, 62
Jim Crow, xiv, xvii, 180, 187
John, king of England, 160
Johnson, Paul, 30–31
Jonas, Raymond, 126
Joshua, Rabbi, 25
Judaism (Jerusalem), xxiv–xxvi, 17–18, 20–37, 41, 43, 51–52, 55–58, 62, 66–70, 146, 213
Judea, 57
Julian, emperor of Rome, 61–62
Julian calendar, 69
Jung, Georg, 145
justice, 49, 86, 91, 124
Kaganovich, Lazar, 16
Kant, Immanuel, xxiv, 108–10, 118, 159, 161, 170, 174, 177
Kennedy, John F., 164
Kepler, Johannes, 76–77
Kerr, Walter, 42
Kershaw, Ian, 148
KGB, 152
Khullar, Dr. Dhruv, 9
Kierkegaard, Søren, 160–61, 212
King, Martin Luther, Jr., xxv, 35, 180
Kinsey, Alfred, 167–69, 191
Klein, Ezra, 203–4
Krauthammer, Charles, 8
Ku Klux Klan, xxii
Kulturkampf, 145
labor, 135–37, 151
Lady Gaga, 196
laissez-faire, 153
Laughlin, Harry, 155–56
Left, 73, 152, 188–93, 202–3, 208–10. See also New Left
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 106–7
Lenin, Vladimir, 149–50
Leonard, Thomas, 154
“Letter from Birmingham Jail” (King), xxv
Levada Center, 153
Leviathan, 84, 112, 125
Levites, 36
Leviticus, 30
Lewis, Sinclair, 187–88
LGBT studies, 189
liberal arts, 64–65
Liberal Fascism (Goldberg), 151
liberalism, xviii
classical, 79–83, 99–100
transnational, 171
libertarianism, 104, 108
libertinism, 10
liberty, 41, 92, 94, 143. See also freedom
French Revolution and, 123, 125–28
Lincoln, Abraham, xxv, 216–17
Livy, 88
Locke, John, 84–90, 122–23, 143, 160
Loconte, Joseph, 81
Loftus, Joshua, 203
Logos, 46–47, 58
Luther, Martin, 75, 81–82, 88, 100
Lynch, Frederick, 205
Maccabees, 57
Mac Donald, Heather, 204, 206
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 80–83, 101–2, 111–12
MacIntyre, Alasdair, 48–49
Madison, James, 92–94
Magna Carta, xxv, 160, 186
Maher, Bill, 106
Maimonides, 27, 67
Malcolm X, 198
Mansfield, Harvey, 101
Man’s Search for Meaning (Frankl), 8
Mao Tse-tung, 151, 162, 192
Marcuse, Herbert, 191–93
Marduk, 23, 31
Marsilius of Padua, 79–80
Marx, Karl, 129, 134–38, 141, 148–50, 159, 162–64, 189–93, 196
Maslow, Abraham, 193–94, 195, 198
