by David Treuer
abolished by Curtis Act, 148
and Collier, 205
constitutions of, 207–9, 215
and creation stories, 212–13
emergence of, 202–4
and Indian Reorganization Act (1934), 207–8
of Menominee, 266
and Meriam Report, 249
of Meskwaki, 220–21
paternalism in, 397–99
and property ownership, 159
of Pueblos, 212–17
replaced by Office of Indian Affairs, 96, 112
tribal membership/citizenship
and blood quantum, 378–80
and Collier, 208
and disenrollment, 378–79, 381
requirements for, 380–81
and U.S. citizenship, 200
Trudell, John, 300
Trump, Donald, 432, 440
Tulalip Reservation
ambitions of, 405–6
and Boom City, 377–78, 393, 395, 402–4, 405
casino of, 400
challenges faced by, 404
marijuana as enterprise for, 363–64, 374, 376–77, 389–90, 391–92, 393, 405
and paternalism in tribal government, 397–98
Quil Ceda Village, 389–90, 391, 399
Ray Sheldon’s concerns about, 396–99, 400
success story of, 375–76, 390–91, 400, 404–5
vocational skills program, 399–400
Turner, Frederick Jackson, 8, 441, 451
Turtle Mountain Reservation, 257, 258–59
United States ex rel. Standing Bear v. Crook, 124–29
Upper Sioux, 434
U.S. Army, 3, 92–93, 94, 95, 114
U.S. Census Bureau, 97
U.S. Congress, 110, 113–14, 144, 193, 199–200, 441
U.S. Constitution, 199
U.S. Court of Claims, 251–52
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 211, 329
U.S. Department of Justice, 323, 325
U.S. Department of the Interior, 106, 113, 268, 322, 325
U.S. Department of War, 106, 113, 189
U.S. Forest Service, 336
U.S. Supreme Court, 34, 368–69, 385–86, 388, 452
Utah, 256
Ute, 60, 76, 79
Vallo, Brian, 209–17
on his appointment, 216–17
on his childhood, 210–12
on history of Acoma, 209–10
on tribal government, 212–17
Vancouver, George, 71, 72, 390
Vanishing Race, The (Dixon), 193–94
Violence Against Women Act (VAWA; 2013 revision), 431
Virginia, 30
Viscayno, 31
voting rights, 200–201
Waabojiig (White Fisher), 186–87
Wabasha, 186–87
Walker, Francis, 159
Walker, Levi, Jr., 317
Wampanoag, 39, 41, 42
Wanamaker, Rodman, 193–95
war chiefs, 186–87
War of 1812, 72, 265
war on poverty, 330–33
Ward, John, 138
wards of state, Indians as, 111, 250, 256–57
Warm Springs Reservation, 256
Warrior, Clyde, 291–92, 293
Warrior, Robert Allen, 298, 326
Washburn, Kevin, 101–4, 106, 112–13, 168, 173, 174
Washington, George, 104–5
Washington (state), 256
Washita River massacre (1868), 84
Watkins, Arthur Vivian, 250–51, 255, 263, 266
Webster, John, 124
Well for Culture (WFC), 428, 429–30
Welsh, Herbert, 143
Wemitigoozhiins (Little French Man), 162
Western Apache, 55
Wewe (Snow Goose), 164
Wheeler, Manuelito, 418
Whipple, Henry, 163
White Earth Reservation
and allotment system, 147
attempts to resettle Ojibwe at, 259
and Community Action Program, 332
and mixed/full-blood Indians, 379–80
and Ojibwe language school, 401
timber illegally harvested from, 197
White Mountain, 55
Whitman, Marcus and Narcissa, 72–73
Whitside, Samuel M., 5
Wichita (tribe), 80, 86
Wichita River, 81
Wilcox, Leo, 325, 349
Wilkins, David, 381
Wilkinson, Charles, 384
Wilkinson Memo, 363
Willard, Ammiel, 159
Williams, Ron, 351–52
Williamson, John, 138
Wilson, Dick, 318–22, 324–25, 326–27, 349, 351
Wilson, Jack (later Wovoka), 4
Wilson, James, 88
Wilson, Woodrow, 195
Wind, Nodin, 167–68
Wind River Reservation, 373
Wisconsin, 83, 87, 137, 170, 171, 220, 252, 255, 257, 263, 264, 265, 266, 301, 308, 365
Women’s National Indian Association (WNIA), 131
Wood, Harlington, Jr., 324–25
woodland Indians, 30, 86, 87, 89
Woodland period, 39, 43
Works Progress Administration (WPA), 244, 263
World’s Columbian Exposition (Chicago, 1893), 8–9
World War I, 187–93, 197–98, 199, 218, 219. See also military service of Indians
World War II
and Blackfeet, 242
code talkers of, 219, 221
economic effects of, 245, 247
Hayes’s service in, 221–22
and Indian Claims Commission, 251
Iroquois Confederacy’s declaration of war, 218
and Meskwaki, 219, 221
and photo of flag at Iwo Jima, 222
Seelye’s service in, 222–27
and U.S. citizenship of Indians, 201
Wounded Knee massacre (1890), 7
accounts of slaughter, 5–7, 448–50
and AIM’s gravesite ceremony, 321
and Brown’s book, 10–11, 15, 451
mass grave, 7
and Medal of Honor, 188
newspaper coverage, 7–8
as point of emergence of modern Indians, 15
survivors of, 7, 17–18, 449, 453
symbolic weight of, 1, 10, 451, 452–53
Wounded Knee siege (1973), 321–28
Wozupi Tribal Gardens, Prior Lake, 413–14
Wright, George, 74
Wyoming, 2
Yahi, 114
Yakama, 71, 74
Yamasee, 32
Yavapai, 114, 123, 189
Yellow Thunder, Raymond, 314–16, 319
Young, Brigham, 77–78
Young, Waste’Win, 433–34
Young Bear, Severt, 315
Young Hawk, Joe, 192
Yurok, 336
Zaldívar, Juan de, 57–58
Zhaawanookamigish-kang (He Who Treads Earth from the South), 164
Zia, 54
Zintkala Nuni (Lost Bird), 7
Zuni, 53, 55, 56–57
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About the Author
David Treuer is Ojibwe from the Leech Lake Reservation in northern Minnesota. The author of four previous novels, most recently Prudence, and two books of nonfiction, he has also written for The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Esquire, Slate, and The Washington Post, among others. He has a Ph.D. in anthropology and teaches literature and creative writing at the University of Southern California.
*Throughout this book, I use the word “Indian” to refer t
o indigenous people within the United States. I also use “indigenous,” “Native,” and “American Indian.” These terms have come in and out of favor over the years, and different tribes, not to mention different people, have different preferences. The Red Lake Nation refers to itself as the “Home of the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians,” for example. Many Native people prefer to describe themselves in their Native languages: Piikuni for Blackfeet, Ojibwe for Chippewa, and so on. My own choices of usage are governed by a desire for economy, speed, flow, and verisimilitude. A good rule of thumb for outsiders: Ask the Native people you’re talking to what they prefer.
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