by Edith Widder
Czyz, A., B. Wrobel, and G. Wegrzyn. “Vibrio harveyi Bioluminescence Plays a Role in Stimulation of DNA Repair.” Microbiology 146, no. 2 (February 2000): 283–88.
Fulton-Bennett, Kim. “Glow-in-the-Dark Corals Light Up the Deep Sea.” Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. Posted July 13, 2020. Accessed October 28, 2020. www.mbari.org/glowing-corals/.
Gaskill, M. “End of an Era for Research Subs.” Nature, published online August 22, 2011. www.nature.com/news/2011/110822/full/news.2011.488.html.
Johnsen, S., T. M. Frank, S. H. D. Haddock, E. A. Widder, and C. G. Messing. “Light and Vision in the Deep-Sea Benthos: 1. Bioluminescence at 500–1000 m Depth in the Bahamian Islands.” Journal of Experimental Biology 215 (2012): 3335–43.
Martini, S., V. Michotey, L. Casalot, P. Bonin, S. Guasco, M. Garel, and C. Tamburini. “Bacteria as Part of Bioluminescence Emission at the Deep ANTARES Station (North-Western Mediterranean Sea) During a One-Year Survey.” Deep-Sea Research Part I 116 (October 2016): 33–40.
Messing, C. “Sea Star on a Stick: Introducing Crinoids.” vimeo.com/502443533.
NOAA Ocean Explorer. “Bioluminescence 2009: Living Light on the Deep-Sea Floor.” Accessed October 28, 2020. oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09bioluminescence/welcome.html.
———. “Bioluminescence and Vision on the Deep Seafloor 2015.” Accessed October 28, 2020. oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/15biolum/.
Robison, B. H., and K. R. Reisenbichler. “Macropinna microstoma and the Paradox of Its Tubular Eyes.” Copeia 2008, no. 4 (December 2008): 780–84.
Tamburini, C., et al. “Deep-Sea Bioluminescence Blooms After Dense Water Formation at the Ocean Surface.” PLOS One 8, no. 7 (2013): e67523.
Tanet, L., S. Martini, L. Casalot, and C. Tamburini. “Reviews and Syntheses: Bacterial Bioluminescence—Ecology and Impact in the Biological Carbon Pump.” Biogeosciences 17, no. 14 (2020): 3757–78.
Thomas, Kate N., Bruce H. Robison, and Sönke Johnsen. “Two Eyes for Two Purposes: In Situ Evidence for Asymmetric Vision in the Cockeyed Squids Histioteuthis heteropsis and Stigmatoteuthis dofleini.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1717 (April 2017): 20160069.
Wagner, H. J., R. H. Douglas, T. M. Frank, N. W. Roberts, and J. C. Partridge. “A Novel Vertebrate Eye Using Both Refractive and Reflective Optics.” Current Biology 19, no. 2 (January 2009): 108–14.
Warrant, E. J., and N. A. Locket. “Vision in the Deep Sea.” Biological Reviews 79, no. 3 (2004): 671–712.
Widder, E. A. “Glowing Corpses and Radiant Excrement: The Role of Bioluminescence in Microbial Communities.” In Social Biology of Microbial Communities, edited by LeighAnne Olsen et al., 533–45. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2012.
———. “Lighting the Deep.” New Scientist, November 28, 2007, 24–25.
Zarubin, M., S. Belkin, M. Ionescu, and A. Genin. “Bacterial Bioluminescence as a Lure for Marine Zooplankton and Fish.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 3 (January 17, 2012): 853–57.
Chapter 13: The Kraken Revealed
Jabr, Ferris. “Gleaning the Gleam: A Deep-Sea Webcam Sheds Light on Bioluminescent Ocean Life.” Scientific American, August 5, 2010.
Kiørboe, T. “How Zooplankton Feed: Mechanisms, Traits and Trade-Offs.” Biological Reviews 86, no. 2 (May 2011): 311–39.
Kubodera, T., and K. Mori. “First-Ever Observations of a Live Giant Squid in the Wild.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272, no. 1581 (September 2005): 2583–86.
Langlois, J. “How Scientists Got That Amazing Giant Squid Video.” National Geographic, June 25, 2019. www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2019/06/giant-squid-us-waters-first-video/.
McClain, C. R., A. P. Allen, D. P. Tittensor, and M. A. Rex. “Energetics of Life on the Deep Seafloor.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 38 (2012): 15366–71.
Nilsson, D.-E., E. J. Warrant, S. Johnsen, R. Hanlon, and N. Shashar. “A Unique Advantage for Giant Eyes in Giant Squid.” Current Biology 22, no. 8 (April 24, 2012): 683–88.
NOAA Ocean Exploration and Research. “Journey into Midnight: Light and Life Below the Twilight Zone.” Accessed October 28, 2020. https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/19biolum/welcome.html.
Widder, E. A. “Glowing Life in an Underwater World.” Filmed April 2010 on Mission Blue Voyage, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. TED video, 17:05. www.ted.com/talks/edith_widder_glowing_life_in_an_underwater_world?language=en#t-695871.
———. “How We Found the Giant Squid.” Filmed February 2013 at TED2013, Long Beach, California. TED video, 8:23. www.ted.com/talks/edith_widder_how_we_found_the_giant_squid?language=en.
———. “The Kraken Revealed: The Technology Behind the First Video Recordings of Live Giant Squid In Situ.” Sea Technology, August 2013, 49–54.
Wikipedia. S.v. “Deep-Sea Gigantism.” Last modified October 28, 2020. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep-sea_gigantism&oldid=982445652.
Chapter 14: Talking to Cannibals
American Museum of Natural History. “The Sorry Story of the Georges Bank.” Accessed December 7, 2020. www.amnh.org/explore/videos/biodiversity/will-the-fish-return/the-sorry-story-of-georges-bank.
Broad, William J. “A New Ship’s Mission: Let the Deep Sea Be Seen.” New York Times, September 17, 2020. www.nytimes.com/2020/09/17/science/ocean-exploration-dalio-ship.html.
Burford, B. P., and B. H. Robison. “Bioluminescent Backlighting Illuminates the Complex Visual Signals of a Social Squid in the Deep Sea.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 15 (2020): 8524–31.
Galeazzo, G. A., et al. “Characterizing the Bioluminescence of the Humboldt Squid, Dosidicus gigas (d’Orbigny, 1835): One of the Largest Luminescent Animals in the World.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 95, no. 5 (September/October 2019): 1179–85.
Gopnik, A. “Explanation as Orgasm and the Drive for Causal Understanding: The Evolution, Function and Phenomenology of the Theory-Formation System.” In Cognition and Explanation, edited by F. Keil and R. Wilson, 299–323. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2000.
Rosen, H., W. Gilly, L. Bell, K. Abernathy, and G. Marshall. “Chromogenic Behaviors of the Humboldt Squid (Dosidicus gigas) Studied In Situ with an Animal-Borne Video Package.” Journal of Experimental Biology 218, no. 2 (2015): 265–75.
Taub, Ben. “Thirty-Six Thousand Feet Under the Sea.” New Yorker, May 10, 2020. www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/05/18/thirty-six-thousand-feet-under-the-sea.
Widder, E. A. “Making Light: Hunting for the Humboldt Squid with Edith Widder.” OceanX Media. Posted January 26, 2018. Vimeo video, 3:22. vimeo.com/252948862.
Widder, E. A., C. H. Greene, and M. J. Youngbluth. “Bioluminescence of Sound-Scattering Layers in the Gulf of Maine.” Journal of Plankton Research 14, no. 11 (1992): 1607–24.
Wikipedia. S.v. “Blue Planet II.” Last modified July 4, 2020. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue_Planet_II&oldid=966060427.
Epilogue: A Case for Optimism
Levin, L. A., et al. “Global Observing Needs in the Deep Ocean.” Frontiers in Marine Science 6, no. 241 (May 2019). www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2019.00241/full.
Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. “Education and Conservation Links, Indian River Lagoon Species Inventory.” naturalhistory2.si.edu/smsfp/irlspec/IRL_Links.htm.
Spinrad, Richard W. “The New Blue Economy: A Vast Oceanic Frontier.” Eos, June 8, 2016. doi.org/10.1029/2016EO053793.
Thosteson, E. D., E. A. Widder, C. A. Cimaglia, B. Burns, and J. Taylor. “New Technology for Ecosystem-Based Management: Marine Monitoring with the Kilroy Network.” In Oceans 2009 E
urope, 1–7. Piscataway, N.J.: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2009.
Widder, E. A. “A Pollution Map Worth Ten Thousand Words.” Open Science EU, June 2016, 72–73.
Widder, E. A., and B. Falls. “Review of Bioluminescence for Engineers and Scientists in Biophotonics.” Special issue, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 20, no. 2 (2013): 1–10.
Widder, E. A., B. Falls, R. R. Rohm, and C. Lloyd. “Save the Water Babies: High School Students as Citizen Scientists.” The Journal of Marine Education 29, no. 1 (2014): 16–21.
Wikipedia. S.v. “James Stockdale.” Last modified October 24, 2020. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stockdale.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Edith Widder is an oceanographer, a marine biologist, and the cofounder, CEO, and senior scientist at the Ocean Research & Conservation Association, a nonprofit organization where she is channeling her passion for saving the ocean into developing innovative technologies needed to preserve and protect the ocean’s most precious real estate: its estuaries. She has given three TED Talks and been awarded a prestigious MacArthur “Genius Grant” from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation as well as the Explorers Club Citation of Merit, and is the first recipient of the Captain Don Walsh Award for Ocean Exploration, established by the Marine Technology Society and the Society for Underwater Technology.
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