by Simon Heffer
1. RC/H/1/B/43.
2. RA/VIC/MAIN/F/25/127.
3. Best, p. 21.
4. Burn, p. 16.
5. Best, p. 167.
6. Finer, p. 93.
7. Ibid. p. 161.
8. Ibid. p. 210.
9. Ibid. p. 213.
10. Ibid. p. 223.
11. BL Add. MS 44374, f. 299.
12. Hansard, Vol. 79, col. 330.
13. Ibid. Vol. 79, col. 331.
14. Finer, p. 231.
15. Hansard, Vol. 79, col. 332.
16. Ibid. Vol. 79, col. 333.
17. Ibid. Vol. 79, cols 336–7.
18. Ibid. Vol. 79, col. 341.
19. Ibid. Vol. 79, col. 345.
20. Ibid. Vol. 79, col. 353.
21. Ibid. Vol. 79, cols 357–8.
22. Flanders, p. 138.
23. Hansard, Vol. 131, col. 200.
24. Ibid. Vol. 131, col. 197.
25. The Times, 16 July 1855, p. 12.
26. Ibid. 19 July 1855, p. 8.
27. Porter, p. 71.
28. The Times, 16 June 1855, p. 5.
29. Ibid. 18 June 1855, p. 12.
30. Hansard, Vol. 150, col. 1921.
31. The Times, 18 June 1858, p. 12.
32. Ibid. Vol. 151, col. 28.
33. The Times, 21 June 1858, p. 6.
34. Hansard, Vol. 151, col. 421.
35. Ibid. Vol. 151, col. 423.
36. Ibid. Vol. 151, col. 430.
37. The Times, 22 June 1858, p. 8.
38. Ibid. 25 June 1858, p. 9.
39. Hansard, Vol. 151, col. 436.
40. Ibid. Vol. 151, col. 440.
41. Greville, Part III, Vol. II, p. 203.
42. BL Add. MS 41299, ff. 17–18.
43. Porter, p. 52.
44. Garvin, p. 54.
45. Ibid. pp. 56–7.
46. Ibid. p. 92.
47. Clapham, p. 180.
48. Ellis, p. 129.
49. Ruskin, Lamps, p. 122.
50. R&A, p. 20.
51. Hansard, Vol. 77, col. 265.
52. Ibid. Vol. 79, col. 228.
53. Ibid. Vol. 79, col. 1069.
54. Ibid. Vol. 78, col. 1214.
55. Ibid. Vol. 78, col. 1215.
56. Ibid. Vol. 85, col. 593.
57. Ibid. Vol. 82, col. 1421.
58. Ibid. Vol. 85, col. 1350.
59. Ellis, p. 163.
60. Best, p. 92.
61. Dickens, LD, p. 675.
62. Ellis, p. 172.
63. Carlyle, Reminiscences, p. 85.
64. Carlyle, Works, Vol. XX, p. 256.
65. Ibid. p. 264.
66. Ibid. p. 266.
67. BL Add. MS 44754, ff. 61–3.
68. BL Add. MS 44404, ff. 226–32.
69. BL Add. MS 44405, f. 23.
70. BL Add. MS 44405, ff. 53–4.
Chapter 18: A Glimpse of the Gothic (here)
1. Ruskin, Lamps, p. 115.
2. Ibid. p. 213.
3. Bloxam, p. 1.
4. Ruskin, Crown, p. 83.
5. Ibid. p. 84.
6. Ibid. p. 88.
7. Ibid. p. 89.
8. Ibid. pp. 90–91.
9. Ibid. p. 96.
10. Ibid. p. 97.
11. London 3, p. 598.
12. Ridley, p. 518.
13. Hansard, Vol. 147, cols 1296–7.
14. Porter, p. 8ff.
15. Scott, pp. 179–80.
16. Ibid. Vol. 147, col. 1302.
17. Ibid. Vol. 147, cols 1302–4.
18. Ibid. Vol. 147, col. 1305.
19. Ibid. Vol. 147, col. 1306.
20. Ibid. Vol. 147, col. 1309.
21. Ibid. Vol. 147, col. 1311.
22. The Times, 26 August 1857, p. 9.
23. Hansard, Vol. 152, cols 262–3.
24. Scott, p. 182.
25. Hansard, Vol. 152, col. 264.
26. Ibid. Vol. 152, cols 266–7.
27. Ibid. Vol. 152, cols 267–9.
28. Ibid. Vol. 152, cols 270–2.
29. Scott, p. 182.
30. Ibid. p. 185.
31. BL Add. MS 44392, ff. 66–7.
32. BL Add. MS 48581, ff. 13–14.
33. BL Add. MS 44392, ff. 103–4.
34. Hansard, Vol. 155, cols 920–3.
35. Ibid. Vol. 155, cols 926–7. The architect of the towers was actually Nicholas Hawksmoor.
36. Ibid. Vol. 155, cols 929–30.
37. Ibid. Vol. 155, col. 934.
38. Ibid. Vol. 155, col. 937.
39. BL Add. MS 44392, ff. 139–48.
40. Scott, p. 191.
41. Ibid. p. 192.
42. Ibid. p. 193.
43. The Times, 1 November 1859, p. 10.
44. Scott, p. 197.
45. Ibid. pp. 197–8.
46. Ibid. p. 199.
47. London 6, p. 265.
48. BL Add. MS 44433, ff. 6–8.
49. BL Add. MS 44441, ff. 198–9.
50. Bradley, p. 46.
51. London 4, p. 363.
52. Brownlee, p. 69.
53. Ibid. p. 74.
54. Ibid. p. 76.
55. Brownlee, p. 21.
56. Hansard, Vol. 183, col. 184.
57. Quarterly Review, July 1867, pp. 49–50.
58. Ibid. p. 51.
59. Ibid. p. 55.
60. Ibid. p. 56.
61. Ibid. p. 60.
62. Ibid. p. 61.
63. Ibid. p. 62.
64. Brownlee, p. 138.
65. Hansard, Vol. 193, col. 330.
66. The Times, 19 November 1867, p. 6.
67. The Times, 15 June 1868, p. 5.
68. BL Add. MS 38995, ff. 233–4.
69. BL Add. MS 44404, ff. 172–3.
70. BL Add. MS 44415, ff. 237–40.
71. BL Add. MS 38996, f. 3.
72. BL Add. MS 38996, f. 160.
73. BL Add. MS 38996, ff. 162–3.
74. BL Add. MS 38996, f. 164–5.
75. BL Add. MS 38896, f. 186.
76. BL Add. MS 38996, f. 192.
77. BL Add. MS 38996, f. 200.
78. BL Add. MS 38996, f. 203.
79. BL Add. MS 38996, f. 297.
80. Hansard, Vol. 196, col. 1210.
81. Street, p. 4.
82. Ibid. p. 5.
83. Ibid. pp. 6–7.
84. Ibid. p. 9.
85. Ibid. p. 10.
86. Ibid. p. 12.
87. Ibid. p. 17.
88. Ibid. p. 21.
89. BL Add. MS 44438, f. 325.
Chapter 19: The Reforming Mind (here)
1. BL Add. MS 44637, f. 73.
2. Parkes 29/4, p. 8.
3. Parkes 29/4 p. 9.
4. Gladstone, Diaries, Vol. VIII, (Preface), p. lxxxiii.
5. Garvin, p. 139.
6. Cross, p. 19.
7. Gladstone, Diaries, Vol. VII, (Preface), p. lxxxvii.
8. Fulford, DC, p. 129.
9. Anon., p. 8.
10. Ibid. p. 10.
11. BL Add. MS 44133, ff. 131 and 133.
12. M&B, Vol. V, p. 284.
13. Cecil, Vol. II, p. 50.
14. M&B, V, p. 286.
15. Ibid. p. 351.
16. Russell, G., p. 253.
17. Ibid. p. 249.
18. Disraeli, Manchester, p. 4.
19. Ibid. p. 6.
20. Ibid. p. 18.
21. Ibid. p. 19.
22. Ibid. pp. 21–2.
23. Ibid. pp. 22–3.
24. Ibid. p. 25.
25. Cross, p. 25.
26. The Times, 24 and 26 January 1874, passim.
27. Hansard, Vol. 218, col. 1226.
28. Ibid. Vol. 218, col. 1228.
29. Ibid. Vol. 218, col. 1231.
30. Ibid. Vol. 218, col. 1759.
31. Ibid. Vol. 218, col. 1762.
32. Ibid. Vol. 218, col. 1771.
33. Ibid. Vol. 218, col. 1791.
34. Ibid. Vol. 219, col. 1416.
35. I
bid. Vol. 219, col. 1421.
36. Ibid. Vol. 219, cols 1424–5.
37. Ibid. Vol. 219, col. 1426.
38. Ibid. Vol. 219, col. 1430.
39. Ibid. Vol. 219, col. 1463.
40. Ibid. Vol. 219, col. 1467.
41. Ibid. Vol. 222, col. 392.
42. Ibid. Vol. 224, col. 438.
43. Ibid. Vol. 224, col. 440.
44. Ibid. Vol. 224, col. 441.
45. BL Add. MS 51272, ff. 81–2.
46. Arnold, Reports, p. 125.
47. Ibid. p. 126.
48. Hansard, Vol. 224, col. 1565.
49. Ibid. Vol. 224, col. 1567.
50. Ibid. Vol. 224, col. 1569.
51. Ibid. Vol. 224, cols 1580–1.
52. Ibid. Vol. 224, cols 1591–2.
53. Ibid. Vol. 224, col. 1603.
54. Ibid. Vol. 224, col. 1605.
55. Ibid. Vol. 229, col. 931.
56. Ibid. Vol. 229, col. 933.
57. Ibid. Vol. 229, col. 958.
58. Ibid. Vol. 229, col. 957.
59. Ibid. Vol. 229, col. 1899.
60. Ibid. Vol. 229, col. 1904.
61. Ibid. Vol. 230, col. 31.
62. Ibid. Vol. 230, col. 48.
63. Ibid. Vol. 230, col. 1407.
64. Ibid. Vol. 231, col. 566.
65. Ibid. Vol. 237, col. 1466.
66. Ibid. Vol. 237, col. 1469.
67. Ibid. Vol. 238, col. 64.
68. Ibid. Vol. 238, col. 76.
69. Ibid. Vol. 238, cols 880–1.
70. Ibid. Vol. 239, cols 261–2.
71. Ibid. Vol. 239, col. 947.
72. Ibid. Vol. 239, col. 948.
73. Vicnius, p. 77.
74. Hansard, Vol. 225, col. 351.
75. Ibid. Vol. 225, col. 352.
76. Ibid. Vol. 225, col. 357.
77. Ibid. Vol. 225, col. 362.
78. Ibid. Vol. 225, col. 368.
79. Ibid. Vol. 225, col. 370.
80. Ibid. Vol. 225, col. 401.
81. Hansard, Vol. 218, col. 1945.
82. Ibid. Vol. 218, col. 1969.
83. Ibid. Vol. 222, col. 97.
84. Ibid. Vol. 222, col. 98.
85. Ibid. Vol. 222, col. 99.
86. Ibid. Vol. 222, col. 100.
87. Ibid. Vol. 222, cols 101–2.
88. Ibid. Vol. 222, col. 104.
89. Ibid. Vol. 222, cols 110–11.
90. Cross, p. 34.
91. Garvin, p. 198. Haussmann was rebuilding Paris at around the same time.
92. M&B, Vol. V, p. 491.
93. Ibid. p. 492ff.
94. Fulford, DC, p. 222.
95. M&B, Vol. V, p. 519.
96. Hansard, Vol. 225, col. 525.
97. M&B, Vol. VI, p. 67.
98. BL Add. MS 45805, f. 131.
99. Gladstone, Diaries, Vol. IX, p. 498.
100. Ibid. p. 499.
101. Ibid. p. 500.
102. BL Add. MS 44349, f. 132.
103. Gladstone, Diaries, Vol. IX, (Preface), p. lxv.
104. Cross, p. 65.
105. M&B, Vol. VI, p. 524.
106. Ibid. p. 525.
107. Ibid. p. 526.
108. Ibid. p. 528.
109. Ibid. p. 532.
110. Ibid. p. 534.
111. Ibid. p. 535.
112. Gladstone, Diaries, Vol. IX, p. 503.
113. BL Add. MS 44764, f. 43.
114. M&B, Vol. VI, p. 538.
115. BL Add. MS 44764, f. 50.
116. M&B, Vol. VI, p. 539.
117. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/679.
118. BL Add. MS 44475, ff. 5–6.
119. BL Add. MS 44438, ff. 137–8.
120. BL Add. MS 44438, f. 207.
121. BL Add. MS 44439, f. 13.
122. BL Add. MS 44766, f. 82.
123. BL Add. MS 44766, f. 175.
124. BL Add. MS 44470, ff. 239–40.
INDEX
The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
Aberdeen, Earl of 163, 256–7, 265, 276
Adullamites 382, 383, 389, 391, 396, 402, 586
adult education 16, 205, 222, 594
adultery 506, 510, 517, 523–5, 536
agnosticism 150, 211, 212, 221
Ainsworth, Peter 69, 70
Albert, Prince 33, 35, 76, 122, 301–10, 817
Albertopolis 315–23, 337–9
Cambridge curriculum 446–7
Corn Laws 103–4, 106–7, 285
cult of 340–2
Exeter Hall speech 128–32
Great Exhibition, the 138, 285–99, 312–15
ill health 343
and Kingsley 190
memorial to 331, 337–9, 343–4, 345–72
noblesse oblige 126–7
and Peel 100, 103–4, 771
public opinion 287, 319, 327, 345–6
and Tennyson 191
Albert Hall 324, 327, 330–9, 345, 372
Albert Memorial 330, 345–72
Albert University 343
Albertopolis 286, 315–33, 337–9, 342, 349, 692
Albinolo, Felix 683–4
alcohol 655, 665, 671, 766, 769, 775, 777 see also drunkenness
All the Year Round 415, 634, 646
Allingham, William 194, 614
allotments 76, 130
Alton Locke v, 113–14, 187, 189, 211, 249, 378, 379
Anglicanism 4, 145, 149, 150, 153, 171, 187, 263, 348, 501
animal cruelty 638, 788
Anson, Augustus 491
Anson, George 288
Anstey, Thomas 252–6
Anti-Corn Law Association 44, 89
Anti-Corn Law League 37, 38, 42, 44–6, 89–94, 96, 98, 107, 109, 120
anti-semitism see Jews
anti-slavery movement 540, 670
apprentices/binding 69, 97
Argyll, Duke of 129, 282
aristocracy 52, 55, 56 see also gentry; upper class
and Arnold 473, 596
and Carlyle 51, 52, 604
and Chartism 42, 45–7, 125–6
and Dickens 636
and Disraeli 57, 59
‘intellectual’ 448, 552, 581
and Kingsley 379–80
snobbery about trade 82, 207, 285
armed forces xii, xiii, 423, 452, 469, 479–99, 639, 666, 797, 799
Army Regulation Bill 487, 489–91
colonial 484, 485
examination 487
purchase system 480–2, 484, 486–8, 490–2
reorganisation 496
Royal Warrant 496–7
training 481, 485, 486–7
Armstead, Henry Hugh 358, 359, 360, 363, 369–71
Arnold, Dr Thomas 2–4, 13, 14, 21, 23, 171, 340
Chartism 14, 17
and Clough 153, 155, 159
education 15, 15–16, 19–20
influence 19–20, 22, 25, 30, 207, 432, 775
and Newman 140
poor 14, 18, 50, 53, 54
religion 4–8, 11, 13, 14, 140, 149, 173, 231, 807
Rugby School 5–7, 9–11, 19–21, 448, 452–6
State intervention 18
writings 2, 13, 15, 17
Arnold, Matthew v, xi, 2–4, 19, 22–5, 169–75, 582, 817 see also Culture and Anarchy; ‘Dover Beach’; Essays in Criticism; French Eton, A
architecture 747–8
and Carlyle 171, 172
and Clough 167–9, 170–1, 173, 192–6
and Disraeli 772
education 414, 417, 422, 425–32, 460, 463–8, 546, 618, 783
and Gladstone 463–4, 812–13
Kennington demonstration 127
‘philistinism’ 18
religion 153, 156–63
schools inspector 173, 713
and Smiles 207–8
women 623
writings 17, 174, 175, 192–6,
463, 593–608
Arnold, Mrs Mary 20, 24
Arnold, Thomas 194
art galleries xiv, 314, 594, 689, 712, 816
artisan class 116, 117, 146, 383
Artisans’ Dwellings Act 776, 800, 803, 805
Ashburton, Lady 163, 164
Ashley, Lord 48, 60–79, 88, 97, 126, 128–30, 150, 272, 288–9, 508, 676 see also Shaftesbury, Lord
atheism 136, 189, 198–9, 203, 232
Attwood, Thomas 118
Ayrton, Acton Smee 329, 394, 749, 750
Bagehot, Walter 289, 378, 398, 772
Balfour, Eleanor Mildred ‘Nora’ 552–3
Balgarnie, Rev. Robert 665
Balmoral 343, 346, 390, 395, 497, 562
Balston, Dr Edward 449, 452, 457
bank holidays 794
Barnardo, Thomas 653–61, 817
Barry, Charles (jnr) 746, 747
Barry, Edward 351, 737–40, 748, 754, 758–60, 763
Barry, Sir Charles 296, 299, 320, 321, 347, 348, 351, 352, 728
Bazalgette, Joseph 702, 705, 706–7, 708, 709, 761
Beaconsfield, Lord see Disraeli, Benjamin
Beales, Edmond 381, 391, 392, 393, 394, 399, 400, 546, 579–80
Bedford, Duke of 317, 542
Bedford College 543–4
Beer, Professor Gillian 59
Bell, Doyne 357–60, 363, 366, 367
Bentham, Jeremy 189, 197–8, 234, 693, 694
Benthamism 582, 586
Bentinck, Lord George 106, 270, 706, 754
Beresford Hope, Alexander 734, 737, 739, 740
Bethell, Sir Richard 254–5, 520–1
Bidder, George Parker 713, 725
Biddulph, Sir Thomas 360–2, 365, 367–8, 494
Big Ben 728, 736
Birmingham Political Union 118
blackmail 267, 284
Blackwell, Elizabeth 545, 549, 557
Blake, Lord 57, 111, 271, 273, 277, 720, 803
Bloxam, Matthew Holbeche 731
board schools 415, 441
Bodichon, Barbara 514, 532, 545–50, 677
Bodley, G. F. 348, 753
Bonham-Carter, Henry 564
Booth, William 148, 653, 655, 661–3, 693, 817
Bowring, Edgar 295, 315, 319, 324, 327, 333, 345–6, 349, 352, 355–6
boys’ homes 654, 661
Bradlaugh, Charles 232, 252, 393, 400, 607, 810
Bradley, Simon 749, 750
bribery 405, 406
bridges 703, 708, 713
brigades 650, 654
Briggs, Asa 169, 310
Bright, Jacob 526–8, 530, 531
Bright, John 72, 90, 228, 562
and Arnold 599–606
Birmingham 710–11
and Chamberlain 710–11
Corn Laws 91–2, 94, 95, 98, 107, 110
and Eden 394
education 768
and Gladstone 277, 476, 810
Liberals 89, 380, 710–11, 786
and Lowe 414
reform 382–3, 387, 392–7, 710–11
secret ballot 408
Bright McLaren, Priscilla 526
British Association 217, 223
British Empire 3, 104, 305, 457, 639, 736, 775
British Medical Association 433, 558
British Museum 263, 296, 313, 320, 325, 326, 328, 359, 360, 368, 467, 617, 635
