151 About one quarter of working women have no employee-sponsored health coverage at all; one third have almost no control or flexibility over their work hours, and no paid leave to care for a child or an ill family member: AFL-CIO Working Women Survey, 2000.
155 “I was in an orphanage. . . ”: Joyce Wadler, “Turning a Corner: A Model at Size 12,” The New York Times, August 12, 2001, Sunday Styles, p. 1.
Chapter 5: Body As Voice
165 “Desire has indestructible permanence”: Judith Butler, “Critical Terms for Literary Study,” Desire, Frank Lentricchia and Thomas McLaughlin, eds. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), pp. 369-386.
166-167 Post-Freudian conceptions of infantile life and mother-infant relation ships: For an excellent summary of this shift in thinking, see Jessica Benjamin, The Bonds of Love: Psychoanalysis, Feminism, and the Problem of Domination (New York: Pantheon Books, 1988), Chapter 1, “The First Bond,” pp. 11-50.
167 “Each of us spent some time as an overwhelmed, enraged. . . ”: Polly Young-Eisendrath, Women and Desire: Beyond Wanting to Be Wanted (New York: Harmony Books, 1999), p. 20.
168 Lacan on the difference between infantile need and demand: Elizabeth Grosz, Jacques Lacan: A Feminist Introduction (London: Routledge Press, 1990), pp. 61-62.
177 The contemporary sight of the weeping woman: Christopher Lydon interview with Germaine Greer, WBUR’s “The Connection,” June 11, 1999; for more detailed discussion of the topic, see Germaine Greer, The Whole Woman (New York: Knopf, 1999), pp. 181-190.
Chapter 6: Swimming Toward Hope
180 . . . her long, finally successful effort to make peace with her appetite, which she subsequently detailed in a memoir called Holy Hunger: Margaret Bullitt-Jonas, Holy Hunger: A Memoir of Desire (New York: Knopf, 1998).
182 Weigh Down Workshops boasts 30,000 chapters nationwide: Rebecca Mead, “Slim for Him: God Is Watching What You’re Eating,” The New Yorker, January 15, 2000, p. 48.
182 First Place is taught at an estimated 12,000 churches: Diego Rihadeneria, “Recipe for Weight Loss: Pass the Prayer, Please,” The Boston Sunday Globe, March 14, 1999, p. 1.
Epilogue
196 Documentary about anorexia: “Dying to Be Thin,” written, directed, and produced for Nova by Larkin McPhee; initial air date, December 12, 2000.
197 Boys continue to have higher estimations of their academic abilities than girls do: John O’Neil, “He Thinks He Can, He Thinks He Can,” The New York Times, April 6, 1999, p. D7.
197 Nearly half of girls in grades one through three reported wanting to be thinner: M. E. Collins, “Body Figure Perceptions and Preferences among Preadolescent Children,” International Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 10, no. 2, 1991, pp. 199-208.
197 Thirty-nine percent of girls in grades five through eight said they were on a diet: Kantrowitz and Wingert, “The Truth About Tweens,” p. 62.
197 Thirty-one percent of ten-year-old girls say they’re afraid of being fat: Steiner-Adair and Purcell, “Approaches to Mainstreaming Eating Disorders Prevention,” p. 297.
198 More than fifty percent of adolescent girls think they’re overweight: Ibid.
198 The earlier a girl begins to have intercourse, the less likely she is to use birth control: Joan Jacobs Brumberg, The Body Project: An Intimate History of American Girls (New York: Random House, 1997), p. 204.
198 Girls under the age of fifteen in this country are at least five times more likely to give birth than girls of the same age in any other industrialized nation: Ibid., p. 201.
198 Nearly two out of every five girls will be physically or sexually assaulted in their lifetimes: Commonwealth Fund Survey of Women’s Health, Associated Press report, The Boston Globe, May 6, 1999, p. A25.
198 “A half-changed world”: Peggy Orenstein, Flux: Women on Sex, Work, Love, Kids, and Life in a Half-Changed World (New York: Doubleday, 2000).
198 An “open moment”: Naomi Wolf, “The Future Is Ours to Lose,” The New York Times Magazine, May 16, 1999.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Brumberg, Joan Jacobs. The Body Project: An Intimate History of American Girls. New York: Random House, 1997.
Bullitt-Jonas, Margaret. Holy Hunger: A Memoir of Desire. New York: Knopf, 1998.
Chernin, Kim. The Hungry Self: Women, Eating, and Identity. New York: Harper Perennial, 1994.
Coward, Rosalind. Female Desires: How They Are Sought, Bought and Packaged. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1985.
Gilligan, Carol. In a Different Voice. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Gornick, Vivian. The End of the Novel of Love. Boston: Beacon Press, 1997 (“exulted . . . forgotten to play Chopin,” pp. 73-74).
Grosz, Elizabeth. Volatile Bodies: Toward a Corporeal Feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994.
Marx, Patricia and Sistrom, Susan. The Skinny: What Every Skinny Woman Knows About Dieting (and Won’t Tell You!). New York: Dell, 1999.
Orenstein, Peggy. Schoolgirls: Young Women, Self-Esteem, and the Confidence Gap. New York: Anchor Books, 1995.
Tiefer, Leonore. Sex Is Not a Natural Act and Other Essays. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995.
Young-Eisendrath, Polly. Gender and Desire: Uncursing Pandora. College Station: Texas A & M University Press, 1997.
______. Women and Desire: Beyond Wanting to Be Wanted. New York: Harmony Books, 1999.
Copyright © 2003 by Caroline Knapp
Paperback edition first published in 2004 by Counterpoint
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