Cal Calvert; Duncan Campbell; Eileen and Robert Carron; Kim Cobbold; Marc Cole-Bailey; Richard and Juliet Cornwall; George Cruddas; Noel and Fiona Cunningham-Reid; Tony Daly; Sylvia Darley; Paul Davies; Georgia de Chamberet; Lord Decies; Anne de Courcy for some extracts from Edwina’s diary; Martin Dillon; Patrick Dillon; Jane Dismore; Charles Doble, who supplied his father’s correspondence with Lord Mountbatten; Frank Donald; Stephen Dorrill; Hugh Drake Brockman for information on Tony Simpson; Jeremy Dronfield for various editorial suggestions; Martin Duberman; the Earl of Durham; Rupert Earle and Clara Hamer for their legal advice; Piu Eatwell for help contacting Yola Letellier’s family; Vera Fairbanks, Victoria Fairbanks and Anthony Fairbanks Weston for information on Douglas Fairbanks Jr’s friendship with Lord Mountbatten; Clive Wigham Ferguson for information on Irene Wigham Richardson; Andrew and John Festing for talking to me about their father Sir Francis Festing’s relationship with Lord Mountbatten; Peter Sutton Fitzgibbon; Declan Foley; Maurice Frankel for advice on Freedom of Information issues.
Patrick Gallagher, the butler at Glenveagh Castle; Sandy Gandhi for family stories about the Mountbattens; Melinda Gilbert for help with the Cabinet Office; Mark Girouard; Tommy Gorman; Jill Goulding; Lord Grantley; Elizabeth Haslam for research in Cyprus; Paddy Hayes for several Irish contacts and interventions; Judy Hough for making her husband Dick Hough’s papers available; James Howard-Johnston; Cathal Hunter and Elaine Kelly of the Department of the Taoiseach; Shama Husain, daughter of Shahid Hamid; Brian Hutchinson; Mike Hutchinson; Richard Ingrams; Louis Jebb; Cathryn Keller; Kitty Kelley; Susannah Kelly; Janey Lindsay’s half-brother Simon Kenyon-Slaley; Angus Konstam and Brian Lavery for some naval research; Harshan Kumarasingham; Robert Lacey; James and Emma Lambe for letting me consult Charles Lambe’s private papers; Edward Laxton; Celia Lee; Fiona Lee; Ray Levine; Trudy Lomax.
Joe McGowan; Bridie McKie; Leo McKinstry; Adam Macqueen; Sue Marsh, Bruce Rawlings, Sally Martin and Jerry Smith of Friends of Sri Lanka Association; Zareer Masani; Hamon Massey; Roger Matthews for memories of Mountbatten’s butler Eric Carmichael; Patrick Mercer for information on the Warrenpoint killings; Chloe Morse-Harding; John Morton; Lord Ivar Mountbatten; Idula Mukherjee; Nilanjan Mukhopadhyay; Dan Mulvenna, who put in various FOI requests to the CIA; Jade Neergaard; John Nield; Selene Obolensky; Gemma O’Doherty; Romaine Orthwein; Joanna Oswin; Mitchell Owens, who provided information on Eleanor Cosden; David Panter for various introductions in India; Paul Pender; Prudence Penn; Kate Buchanan Phillips; Rifat Pirzada and his father the late Syed Pirzada; Brian Pollitt; David Pratt, Marquess Camden, who generously lent me his mother’s travel diaries; Clive Prince.
Merick Rayner for information on his mother Madeleine Masson-Rayne; Jean Ritchie; Toby Rolt for insights into his grandfather Kip Bradford; Bertrand Ruillier and Philippe Savignac for background on Yola Letellier; Nayantara Sahgal; Roddy Sale; Victoria Schofield; Ritchie Self; Rashmi Seth; Desmond Seward; William Stadiem; Peter Steven; Giles Stibbe for various introductions in the Household Cavalry; Lord Strathnaver; Douglas Thompson; Peter Thompson for help with the 1968 Coup; Michael Thornton; Richard Thorpe; Neville Thurlbeck; Clifford Thurlow; Michael Tillotson; Phil Tomaselli; Hugo Vickers; Alex von Tunzelmann; Colin Wallace; Charles Wardell for photographs and information on his father Mike Wardell; Mike Welham for information on Commander Crabbe; Carinthia West; Francis Wheen; Captain Gordon Wilson for his paper ‘Mountbatten – Signal Officer Supreme’; Malcolm Yorke; Felicity Yost; and in Malta, Roger Baldacchino, Peter Apap Bologna, Justin Camilleri, Susan Mompalao de Pino and Charles Gauci.
Very special thanks to the following:
Marie Black for her research in US archives; David Burke, with whom I had an enjoyable research trip in Ireland and who introduced me to senior intelligence officers in the IRA and Garda; Charlotte Breese, the author of a wonderful book on ‘Hutch’ and who introduced me to several useful contacts; Greg Callus, who generously and very skilfully acted pro bono in several Freedom of Information legal actions on my behalf; Glyn Gowans for wise pro bono legal advice over many years; ‘Sean’ and ‘Amal’ for so bravely speaking out for the first time about their experiences over 40 years ago; Amy Ripley for all her publicity tips; Susan Williams for sharing her Indian research notes; and my sister Helen Leatherby, who again read and commented on the first draft.
Part of the research was conducted whilst a visiting archives bye-fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge and I am grateful to the Masters and Fellows for the fellowship, Allen Packwood, Piers Brendon and Christopher Andrew for supporting my application and the archivists for all their help during my time there.
The research for this book has taken four years and involved dozens of interviews and research in countless archives around the world reflecting the wide interests of the Mountbattens. The most important Mountbatten archive is at Southampton University and I am grateful to the archivists there for all their help during four years of visits.
My thanks too to the archivists at: the National Archives, Kew; King’s College London; the Baker Library, Harvard University; the British Library; the Howard Gotlieb Center at Boston University; Christ Church, Oxford; the Czech Security Services Archive; the Royal Air Force Museum; the Margaret Herrick Library, Los Angeles; the Tozzer Library, Harvard University; the Schomburg Center, New York; the Beinecke Library, Yale University; Howard University, Washington; the New York Public Library; American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming; Birr Castle, Ireland; Library of Society of Friends, London; BBC Written Archives Centre, Caversham; Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham; the National Records of Scotland; the Parliamentary Archives, House of Lords; Special Collections, University of Oregon; University Archive, The Open University; the Bodleian Library, Oxford; Cambridge University Library; the Imperial War Museum; the National Maritime Museum; Reading University; the National Archives in Dublin.
A particular thanks to Lynsey Gillespie at PRONI; Allison Derrett and her colleagues at the Royal Archives; Gillian Dunks at McMaster University, Canada; Bridget Gillies at the University of East Anglia; Louise Harrison of the London Metropolitan Archives; Alison Harvey at Cardiff University Archives; Elisa Ho at the Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives; Micah Hoggatt at the Houghton Library, Harvard University; Roger Hull at Liverpool Record Office; Meirian Jump at Marx Memorial Library; Hayley Mercer of the Schlesinger Library; Nigel Taylor, the legal Records specialist at the National Archives; Bethan Hopkins Williams at the National Library of Wales; Catherine Williams of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies Library; Miriam Cady of the Philadelphia Museum of Art; Dr Kevin Greenbank at Cambridge’s South East Asia Centre; and Genevieve Maxwell of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science Library.
Last, but not least, I owe a considerable amount to Bill Hamilton, who did a brilliant job agenting the book, and the enthusiasm and professionalism of Matt Phillips, Beth Eynon, Karen Stretch, Sophia Walker, Kate Parkin, Emily Rough, Lisa Hoare, Ali Nazari, Stuart Finglass, Nico Poilblanc, Jon Watt and Alba Proko at Bonnier, Barry Johnston, who has again very skilfully and cheerfully edited my text, as well as Nicole Patterson and Jane Donovan.
My wife Angela was the first person to read the biography and give comments and the book is dedicated with love to her and our two children, Robert and Alice.
I am grateful for permission to reproduce extracts from the following books: Edwina by Richard Hough; Hutch by Charlotte Breese. If any permissions have been missed, I would be happy to rectify the omission.
Selected Bibliography
BOOKS
Adams, Jad and Whitehead, Philip, The Dynasty: The Nehru–Gandhi Story (Penguin, London, 1997).
Ahmed, Akbar, Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity: The Search for Saladin (Routledge, London, 2005).
Aitken, Janet, The Beaverbrook Girl: An Autobiography (Collins, London, 1987).
Akbar, M.J., Nehru: The Making of India (Viking, London, 1988).
Aldgate, Anthony and Richards, Jeffrey,
Britain Can Take It: The British Cinema in the Second World War (Blackwell, Oxford, 1986).
Aldous, Richard, Tunes of Glory: The Life of Malcolm Sargent (Hutchinson, London, 2001).
Aldrich, Richard, Intelligence in the War Against Japan (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000).
Alexander, Joan, Mabel Strickland (Progress Press, Malta, 1996).
Ali, Chaudhri Muhammad, The Emergence of Pakistan (Columbia University Press, New York, 1996).
Ali, Tariq, An Indian Dynasty: The Story of the Nehru–Gandhi Family (Putnam, New York, 1985).
Anon, Demosthenes Demolished: A Record of Cambridge Union Debates, February 1919–June 1920 (Heffer, Cambridge, 1920).
Arnold, Ralph, A Very Quiet War (Rupert Hart-Davis, London, 1962).
Ashmore, Edward, The Battle and the Breeze (Sutton, Stroud, 1997).
Attlee, Clement, As it Happened (William Heinemann, London, 1954).
Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam, India Wins Freedom: An Autobiographical Narrative (Longman, Harlow, 1959).
Baker, George, Mountbatten of Burma (Cassell, London, 1959).
Baker, Richard, The Terror of Tobermory (W.H. Allen, London, 1972).
Bangash, Yaqoob Khan, A Princely Affair: Accession and Integration of Princely States in Pakistan 1947–55 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015).
Barnes, John and Nicholson, David (eds.), The Empire at Bay: The Leo Amery Diaries 1929–1945 (Hutchinson, London, 1988).
Barratt, John, With the Greatest Respect: Private Lives of Earl Mountbatten and Prince and Princess Michael of Kent (Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1991).
Bayley, Christopher and Harper, Tim, Forgotten Armies: Britain’s Asian Empire and the War with Japan (Allen Lane, London, 2004).
Bedell Smith, Sally, In All His Glory: The Life of William S. Paley (Simon & Schuster, New York, 1990).
Bedell Smith, Sally, Reflected Glory: The Life of Pamela Churchill Harriman (Simon & Schuster, New York, 1997).
Bedell Smith, Sally, Princes Charles (Random House, New York, 2017).
Bloch, Michael, The Duke of Windsor’s War (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1982).
Bloch, Michael, Wallis and Edward: Letters 1931–1937 (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1986).
Bloch, Michael (ed.), James Lees-Milne Diaries 1942–1954 (John Murray, London, 2006).
Bond, Brian (ed.), Chief of Staff: The Diaries of Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Pownall, Vol. 2 (Leo Cooper, London, 1974).
Bradford, Sarah, King George VI (Weidenfeld, London, 1989).
Bradford, Sarah, Elizabeth: A Biography of Her Majesty The Queen (William Heinemann, London, 1996).
Brecher, Michael, Nehru: A Political Biography (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1959).
Brecknock, Countess of, Edwina Mountbatten: Her Life in Pictures (Macdonald, London, 1961).
Breese, Charlotte, Hutch (Bloomsbury, London, 1999).
Bristow, R.C.B., Memories of the British Raj: Soldier in India (Johnson, London, 1974).
Brown, Judith, Nehru: A Political Life (Yale, New Haven, 2003).
Brownlow, Kevin, David Lean: A Biography (Richard Cohen Books, London, 1996).
Bryans, Robin, Checkmate (Honeyford Press, London, 1994).
Bryans, Robin, Blackmail and Whitewash (Honeyford Press, London, 1996).
Bryce, Ivar, You Only Live Once (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1975).
Buczacki, David, My Darling Mr Asquith (Cato & Clark, London, 2016).
Butler, David, Lord Mountbatten: The Last Viceroy (Methuen, London, 1985).
Byrne, Paula, Kick (Collins, London, 2016).
Campbell, John, Dieppe Revisited (Frank Cass, London, 1993).
Campbell-Johnson, Alan, Mission with Mountbatten (Robert Hale, London, 1951).
Cannadine, David, The Pleasures of the Past (Collins, London, 1989).
Carey Evans, Olwen, Lloyd George Was My Father (Gomer Press, Ceredigion, 1985).
Carrington, Peter, Report on Things Past (Collins, London, 1988).
Carswell, John, The Exile: A life of Ivy Litvinov (Faber, London, 1983).
Cartland, Barbara, The Isthmus Years (Hutchinson, London, 1943).
Cartland, Barbara, The Years of Opportunity (Hutchinson, London, 1948).
Cartland, Barbara, Love at the Helm (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1980).
Cartland, Barbara, I Reach for the Stars: An Autobiography (Robson, London, 1994).
Carver, Michael (ed.), The Warlords: Military Commanders of the Twentieth Century (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1976).
Castle, Charles, Noel (W.H. Allen, London, 1972).
Catterall, Peter (ed.), The Macmillan Diaries: The Cabinet Years 1950–57, (Pan, London, 2003).
Cave Brown, Anthony, Bodyguard of Lies (Collins, London, 1975).
Chandra, Bipin, India’s Struggle for Independence (Penguin, New Delhi, 1989).
Chaudhuri, Nirad C., The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian (Macmillan, London, 1951).
Chenevix-Trench, Charles, Viceroy’s Agent (Cape, London, 1987).
Chester, Lucy, On the Edge: Borders, Territory and Conflict in South Asia (Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2008).
Chisholm, Anne and Davie, Michael, Lord Beaverbrook: A Life (Hutchinson, London, 1992).
Christiansen, Arthur, Headlines All My Life (William Heinemann, London, 1961).
Christie, John, Morning Drum (BACSA, London, 1983).
Clarke, Liam and Johnston, Kathryn, Martin McGuinness: From Guns to Government (Mainstream, Edinburgh, 2001).
Clement, Catherine, Edwina and Nehru: A Novel (Penguin, New Delhi, 1996).
Close, H.M., Attlee, Wavell, Mountbatten and the Transfer of Power (National Book Foundation, Islamabad, 1997).
Cockburn, Claud, In Time of Trouble (Rupert Hart-Davis, London, 1956).
Collins, Larry and Lapierre, Dominique, Freedom at Midnight (Collins, London, 1975).
Collins, Larry and Lapierre, Dominique, Mountbatten and the Partition of India (Vikas, New Delhi, 1982).
Colville, John, The Fringes of Power: Downing Street Diaries 1939–1955 (Hodder, London, 1985).
Connell, Brian, Manifest Destiny: A Study in Five Profiles of the Rise and Influence of the Mountbatten Family (Cassell, London, 1953).
Connell, Brian, Knight Errant: A Biography of Douglas Fairbanks Jr (Hodder, London, 1955).
Cookridge, E.H., From Battenberg to Mountbatten (Arthur Barker, London, 1965).
Cooper, Artemis (ed.), A Durable Fire: The Letters of Duff and Diana Cooper 1913–1950 (Collins, London, 1983).
Copland, Ian, The Princes of India in the Endgame of Empire 1917–1947 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997).
Corfield, Sir Conrad, The Princely India I Knew from Reading to Mountbatten (Indo British Historical Society, Madras, 1975).
Courtney, John, It Was Murder. Murders and Kidnappings in Ireland: The Inside Story (Blackwater Press, Dublin, 1996).
Coward, Noël, Present Indicative (William Heinemann, London, 1937).
Coward, Noël, Future Indefinite (William Heinemann, London, 1954).
Crook, Paul, Came the Dawn: 50 Years an Army Officer (Spellmount, Tunbridge Wells, 1989).
Cudlipp, Hugh, Walking on the Water (Bodley Head, London, 1976).
Cunninghan, Andrew, A Sailor’s Odyssey: The Autobiography (Hutchinson, London, 1951).
Dalton, Robin, One Leg Over (Text, Melbourne, 2017).
Danchev, Alex and Todman, Daniel (eds.), Field Marshall Lord Alanbrooke War Diaries 1939–1945 (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2001).
Das, Manmath Nath, Partition and the Independence of India (Vision Books, New Delhi, 1982).
Das, Manmath Nath. Fateful Events of 1947: The Secret British Game of Divide and Quit (Standard Publishers, New Delhi, 2005).
Davie, Michael (ed.), The Diaries of Evelyn Waugh (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1976).
Davies, Nicholas, Queen Elizabeth II (Carol Publishing Group, New York, 1996).
Day, Barry (ed.), The Letters of Noel Coward (Methuen,
London, 2007).
Deacon, Richard, The Greatest Treason (Century, London, 1989).
Dean, John, HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (Hale, London, 1954).
De Chambeet, Georgia, On the Wilder Shores of Love: A Bohemian Life (Virago, London, 2015).
De Courcy, Anne, The Viceroy’s Daughters (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2000).
Dempster, Nigel and Evans, Peter, Behind Palace Doors (Orion, London, 1993).
Dennis, Peter, Troubled Days of Peace: Mountbatten and South East Asia Command 1945–46 (Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1990).
Donaldson, Frances, Edward VIII (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1974).
Dorrill, Stephen & Ramsay, Robin, Smear! Wilson and the Secret State (Fourth Estate, London, 1991).
Driberg, Tom, Beaverbrook: A Study in Power and Frustration (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1956).
Driberg, Tom, Ruling Passions (Cape, London, 1977).
Duberman, Martin, Paul Robeson (Bodley Head, London, 1989).
Dudley Edwards, Ruth, Newspaperman Hugh Cudlipp, Cecil Harmsworth King and the Glory Days of Fleet Street (Secker & Warburg, London, 2003).
Dutton, David, Anthony Eden: A Life and Reputation (Hodder Arnold, London, 1996).
Eade, Philip, Young Prince Philip (Collins, London, 2011).
Eccles, David and Sybil, By Safe Hand: Letters of Sybil and David Eccles 1939–42 (Bodley Head, London, 1983).
Edwardes, Michael, The Last Years of British India (Cassell, London, 1963).
Eisenhower, Dwight, Crusade in Europe (William Heinemann, London, 1948).
Ellis, R.J., He Walks Alone: The Public and Private Life of Captain Cunningham-Reid (W.H. Allen, London, 1946).
Evans, Sian, Mrs Ronnie: The Society Hostess Who Collected Kings (National Trust, London, 2013).
The Mountbattens Page 35
