by Eckart Frahm
Abbreviations
AKL
The Assyrian Kinglist, edition A. K. Grayson in Reallexikon der Assyriologie 7 (1981), 101–16.
AKT 5
K. R. Veenhof, The Archive of Kuliya, son of Ali‐abum, Kültepe Tabletleri V (TTKY VI/33c), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu 2010.
AKT 6
M. T. Larsen, The Archive of the Šalim‐Aššur Family, vols. 1–3, Kültepe Tabletleri VI‐a‐c (TTKY VI/33d–a‐c), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu 2010–2014.
ARM
Archives royales de Mari, Paris 1950ff.
EL
G. Eisser and J. Lewy, Die altassyrischen Rechtsurkunden vom Kültepe, Teil 1‐ 2 (MVAeG 33), Teil 3‐4 (MVAeG 35/3), Leipzig 1930–35. Quoted by text number.
KEL
Kültepe Eponym List, see the editions in Veenhof 2003a and Günbattı 2008b.
KIM 1
F. Kulakoǧlu and C. Michel (eds.), Proceedings of the 1st Kültepe International Meeting. Kültepe, 19–23 September 2013, Subartu 35, Turnhout: Brepols, 2015.
MARI
MARI. Annales de recherches interdisciplinaires, Paris 1982ff.
RIMA 1
A. K. Grayson, Assyrian Rulers of the Third and Second Millennium BCE (to 1115 BCE), Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Assyrian Periods, vol. 1, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987.
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Further Reading
An introduction to the Old Assyrian period, with an overview of previous and current research and chapters on sources, chronology, and history, is Veenhof 2008a. Michel 2003 provides a full bibliography, periodically updated in Archiv für Orientforschung, with information on where the texts are published (the last update is in volume 53, 525–59). Ashur’s history, first analyzed in Larsen 1976: 27–84, is not usually treated separately, but new text finds prompted Veenhof 2003a and Barjamovic et al. 2012 to restudy the chronology and history. For the wider historical context, Charpin 2004a should be consulted. RIMA 1 contains the inscriptions of Ashur’s rulers (on which Galter 1998 offers comments). Letters dealing with political issues involving Assyrian and Anatolian authorities are found in Michel 2001: chs. 1–2; see also Hecker 2007 and Günbattı 2014. A short sketch of kārum Kaniš is Veenhof 1995b. Özgüç, T. 2003 offers a rich presentation of the discoveries there, while Özgüç, N. 2006 presents a large collection of seal impressions. The catalogue of the exposition on Kaniš (Kulakoǧlu and Kangal 2011) offers many illustrations and a large variety of articles on all aspects of the discoveries. Hertel 2014 offers an up‐to‐date overview of the houses excavated in Kaniš and their archives; studies of individual archives are found in KIM 1 and in Altorientalische Forschungen 35 (2008). Larsen 2002 provides an excellent edition of the texts from one (reconstructed) archive, with an accessible introduction. On trade, see Dercksen 2014. A still valid analysis of the administrative structures of Ashur and its colonies is Larsen 1976, supplemented by Dercksen 2004 and the short s
ketch provided in Veenhof 2003b: 434–41. An overview of Old Assyrian law and legal institutions is given in Veenhof 2003b; Hertel 2013 now presents and interprets the rich evidence for Old Assyrian legal practices and judicial procedures and analyses the great variety of pertinent records. The caravan system was reconstructed by Larsen 1967, and the caravan routes in Northern Mesopotamia by Nashef 1987 and Veenhof 2008b. The Anatolian copper trade is studied in Dercksen 1996, while textiles are treated in Michel and Veenhof 2010. Data on the cities, rulers, and Assyrian settlements in Anatolia are presented in Veenhof 2008a: ch. IV, and now, more fully, with a reconstruction of the caravan roads and maps, in Barjamovic 2011. The treaties with the Anatolian rulers were analyzed in Veenhof 2008a: ch. V and from a comparative point of view in Veenhof 2013. For an analysis of Ashur’s trade as part of a larger commercial network, see Larsen 1987. The role of Ashur as a trading city is the subject of Veenhof 2010. The most up‐do‐date introduction to the world of Ashur and its trading colonies is Larsen’s fine new book Ancient Kanesh (2015), which covers history, culture, and society.
Notes
1 The reversed order reflects a genealogy as mentioned in a royal inscription, “son of B, son of C, etc.,” which reveals the secondary nature of this insertion in the list (see Kraus 1965).
2 The treaty with Kaniš (Günbattı 2004: 253, line 82) mentions that an Anatolian ruler might “realize the addurārum of slave‐girls [and slaves],” and some debt‐notes mention the “washing off of debts” by an Anatolian ruler (Veenhof 2008a: 126–7).
