30 Horvath and Sczesny (2016)
31 Ibid.
32 Ibid.
33 Prewitt-Freilino, Caswell and Laakso (2012)
34 https://www.emogi.com/insights/view/report/1145/2016-emoji-report
35 http://www.adweek.com/digital/report-92-of-online-consumers-use-emojiinfographic/
36 https://unicode.org/L2/L2016/16160-emoji-professions.pdf
37 http://www.adweek.com/digital/report-92-of-online-consumers-use-emojiinfographic/
38 http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16181-gender-zwj-sequences.pdf
39 Bradley, Adam, MacArthur, Cayley, Carpendale, Sheelagh and Hancock, Mark, ‘Gendered or Neutral? Considering the Language of HCI’, Graphics Interface Conference 2015, 3–5 June, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, http://graphicsinterface.org/wp-content/uploads/gi2015-21.pdf
40 https://genderedinnovations.stanford.edu/institutions/bias.html
41 Naureen Durrani (2008), ‘Schooling the ‘other’: the representation of gender and national identities in Pakistani curriculum texts’, Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 38:5, 595–610
42 Lambdin, Jennifer R., Greer, Kristen M., Jibotian, Kari Selby, Wood, Kelly Rice and Hamilton, Mykol C. (2003), ‘The Animal = Male Hypothesis: Children’s and Adults’ Beliefs About the Sex of Non-Sex-Specific Stuffed Animals’, Sex Roles, 48:11–12, 471–482
43 http://www.br-online.de/jugend/izi/deutsch/forschung/gender/IZI_Guidelines_WEB.pdf
44 http://seejane.org/wp-content/uploads/key-findings-gender-roles-2013.pdf
45 http://wmc.3cdn.net/dcdb0bcb4b0283f501_mlbres23x.pdf
46 http://www.news.com.au/finance/money/australia-a-world-leader-in-female-representation-on-banknotes/news-story/3cf7c3b5ed3838075d571a64c7fcdff6
47 http://cdn.agilitycms.com/who-makes-the-news/Imported/reports_2015/highlights/highlights_en.pdf
48 Silvina Bongiovanni (2014), “No se preocupe la señora marquesa’: A study of gender bias in example sentences in the RAE grammar textbook’, IULC Working Papers, 14:1 https://www.indiana.edu/~iulcwp/wp/article/viewFile/14–05/146
49 Clark, Roger, Allard, Jeffrey and Mahoney, Timothy (2004) ‘How Much of the Sky? Women in American High School History Textbooks from the 1960s, 1980s and 1990s’, Social Education, 68:1, 57–62
50 Amy L. Atchison (2017), ‘Where Are the Women? An Analysis of Gender Mainstreaming in Introductory Political Science Textbooks’, Journal of Political Science Education, 13:2, 185–199
51 Iveta Silova (2016), ‘Gender Analysis of Armenian School Curriculum and Textbooks Policy Brief’, PhD (June 2016), Arizona State University, https://openknowledge.world-bank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/24948/Gender0analysi0ooks000policy0brief.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y; Chiponda, Annie F and Wassermann, Johann (2016), ‘The depiction of women in the verbal text of a junior secondary Malawian history textbook – an analysis’, Yesterday & Today, 16, 40–59; https://ei-ie.org/en/woe_home-page/woe_detail/15405/curriculum-textbooks-and-gender-stereotypes-the-case-of-pakistan; Durrani (2008); Ullah, Hazir and Skelton, Christine (2013), ‘Gender representation in the public sector schools textbooks of Pakistan’, Educational Studies 39:2; 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2010 studies cit. Chiponda, Annie F and Wasser-mann, Johann (2016)
52 http://www.siliconera.com/2016/12/02/metroid-developers-discuss-decided-make-samus-aran-woman-new-interview/
53 http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/12/15/gaming-and-gamers/
54 http://wmc.3cdn.net/dcdb0bcb4b0283f501_mlbres23x.pdf
55 https://feministfrequency.com/2015/06/22/gender-breakdown-of-games-showcased-at-e3-2015/
56 http://www.kotaku.co.uk/2015/07/15/fifas-struggle-to-include-women-reveals-a-lot-about-gamings-problems-with-diversity
57 https://feministfrequency.com/2016/06/17/gender-breakdown-of-games-showcased-at-e3-2016/
58 http://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/03/nyregion/campus-life-georgetown-white-male-writers-is-the-title-of-english-112.html
59 https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/sep/05/suffragette-review-historical-drama-tub-thumps-hard-despite-having-your-vote
60 https://ai2-s2-pdfs.s3.amazonaws.com/05e1/0638aab94ca0d46ddde8083ff69859a0401e.pdf
61 https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/womens-blog/2016/aug/17/normal-society-means-male-andy-murray-venus-serena-williams?CMP=fb_gu
62 https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/08/05/19/54/160805-wnt-a-history-of-the-usa-at-the-olympic-games
63 http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/thor-as-woman-marvel-reveals-new-incarnation-of-superhero-in-comic-series-9608661.html
64 https://www.wired.com/2015/10/hugo-awards-controversy/
65 http://www.mamamia.com.au/star-wars-movie-features-a-female-lead.,; http://screencrush.com/rogue-one-female-lead-angry-fans/
66 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/07/21/former-doctor-peter-davison-says-female-choice-role-means-loss/
67 http://uk.businessinsider.com/doctor-who-first-woman-jodie-whittaker-sexist-reactions-2017–7
68 https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/nov/25/readers-prefer-authors-own-sex-goodreads-survey
69 https://kotaku.com/ubisoft-cut-plans-for-female-assassins-in-unity-1589278349
70 http://www.kotaku.co.uk/2014/06/16/whole-assassins-creed-thing
71 For more, see Anna Beer (2016): Sounds and Sweet Airs: The Forgotten Women of Classical Music, London
72 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-39191514
73 https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/sep/18/battle-prejudice-warrior-women-ancient-amazons
74 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/01/caroline-louisa-daly-art-men-attribution
75 https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/13/130519-women-scientists-overlooked-dna-history-science/
76 http://www.newn.cam.ac.uk/about/history/biographies/
77 Beer (2016).
78 Despite being lauded as a child prodigy, Fanny Hensel was informed by her father that ‘Music will perhaps become his [her brother, Felix Mendelssohn] career, whilst for you it can and must only be an ornament.’
79 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/9790633/Will-Goves-posh-white-blokes-history-curriculum-ignore-women.html
80 www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationopinion/9973999/Sorry-NUTGoves-history-reforms-are-no-pub-quiz.html
81 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/5077505/History-has-been-feminised-says-David-Starkey-as-he-launches-Henry-VIII-series.html
82 https://teachingwomenshistory.com/teaching-resources/medieval-women/
83 https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/20/opinion/sunday/the-end-of-identity-liberalism.html?_r=0
84 http://www.wbur.org/politicker/2016/11/21/bernie-sanders-berklee
85 http://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/307014-sanders-dems-must-move-beyond-identity-politics
86 http://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/columnists/paul-kelly/donald-trumps-election-a-rejection-of-identity-politics/news-story/147b11c08b64702d3f9be1821416cb72
87 https://twitter.com/RichardBurgon/status/822417591713075201
88 https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/dec/01/blame-trump-brexit-identity-liberalism
89 https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/naics4_212100.htm#00–0000
90 https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes372012.htm
91 Bourdieu, Pierre (1972) Outline of a Theory of Practice, Nice, Richard trans. (1977), Cambridge
92 http://theconversation.com/donald-trump-and-the-rise-of-white-identity-in-politics-67037
93 http://www.vox.com/2016/11/1/13480416/trump-supporters-sexism
Chapter 1
1 https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/28542/120500.pdf?sequence=6
2 http://planphilly.com/articles/2015/01/26/septa-has-largest-percentage-of-female-riders-64-among-large-transit-agencies?utm_content=buffer97258&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer
3 Ceccato, Vania (2017), ‘Women’s victimisation and safety in transit environments’, Crime Prevention and Community S
afety, 19:3–4, 163–7
4 http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/archives/ebs/ebs_422a_en.pdf; World Bank (2007), Gender and Urban Transport: Fashionable and Affordable Module 7a Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-makers in Developing Cities
5 http://www.wnyc.org/story/283137-census-data-show-public-transit-gender-gap/
6 Ceccato (2017)
7 http://content.tfl.gov.uk/travel-in-london-understanding-our-diverse-communities.pdf 2015
8 http://content.tfl.gov.uk/gender-equality-scheme-2007–2010.pdf
9 Sánchez de Madariaga, Inés, ‘Mobility of Care: Introducing New Concepts in Urban Transport’, in Roberts, Marion and Sánchez de Madariaga, Inés (eds.) (2013), Fair Shared Cities: The Impact of Gender Planning in Europe, Farnham
10 http://media.leidenuniv.nl/legacy/leru-paper-gendered-research-and-innovation.pdf
11 http://ssmon.chb.kth.se/volumes/vol16/5_Rolfsman_Bylund.pdf 2012
12 https://lucris.lub.lu.se/ws/files/6151586/2295991.pdf
13 http://media.leidenuniv.nl/legacy/leru-paper-gendered-research-andinnovation.pdf
14 www.chicksontheright.com/feminist-snow-plowing-disrupts-traffic-and-normal-life-for-people-in-sweden/; https://heatst.com/world/feminist-snow-plowing-system-brings-stockholm-to-a-standstill/
15 https://heatst.com/world/feminist-snow-plowing-system-brings-stockholm-to-a-standstill/
16 http://www.dn.se/arkiv/stockholm/jamstalld-snorojning-blev-ett-fiasko-iovadret/
17 http://thecityfix.com/blog/brasilia-brazil-women-bus-stop-night-safety-sexual-assault-luisa-zottis/
18 http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/ResultDoc/download/DocumentKy/61244
19 Sánchez de Madariaga (2013)
20 https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2017/07/unless-living-standards-improve-theresa-mays-cameron-tribute-act-will-continue
21 https://www.unison.org.uk/content/uploads/2014/06/On-line-Catalogue224222.pdf
22 https://www.itdp.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/7aGenderUTSept300.pdf; World Bank (2007)
23 Review of World Bank infrastructure projects 1995–2009 http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTSOCIALDEVELOPMENT/Resources/244362–1265299949041/6766328–1270752196897/Gender_Infrastructure2.pdf
24 Sánchez de Madariaga (2013); Tran, Hoai Anh and Schlyter, Ann (2010), ‘Gender and class in urban transport: the cases of Xian and Hanoi’, Environment and Urbanization, 22:1, 139–55
25 http://wricitieshub.org/sites/default/files/Final_Report_24082015_0.pdf; http://content.tfl.gov.uk/travel-in-london-understanding-our-diverse-communities.pdf
26 http://content.tfl.gov.uk/travel-in-london-understanding-our-diverse-communities.pdf
27 http://genderedinnovations.stanford.edu/case-studies/urban.html
28 https://tfl.gov.uk/campaign/hopper-fare
29 http://humantransit.org/2010/02/the-power-and-pleasure-of-grids.html
30 http://humantransit.org/2014/08/charging-for-connections-is-insane.html
31 https://las.depaul.edu/centers-and-institutes/chaddick-institute-for-metropolitan-development/research-and-publications/Documents/Have%20App%20Will%20Travel%20Uber%20-%20CTA.pdf
32 Ibid.
33 http://webfoundation.org/docs/2015/10/womens-rights-online_Report.pdf
34 http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GGGR16/WEF_Global_Gender_Gap_Report_2016.pdf
35 http://conversableeconomist.blogspot.co.uk/2015/10/unpaid-care-work-women-and-gdp.html
36 World Bank (2007)
37 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/576095/tsgb-2016-report-summaries.pdf
38 http://wricitieshub.org/sites/default/files/Final_Report_24082015_0.pdf 2015 Bhopal
39 http://civitas.eu/sites/default/files/civ_pol-an2_m_web.pdf
40 https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/TSAR_2016r.pdf
41 Sánchez de Madariaga (2013)
42 http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/chapter4.pdf
43 http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2013/sdn1310.pdf (duffle 2012)
44 http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRREGTOPGENDER/Resources/gender_econ_growth_ug.pdf
45 https://www.habitatforhumanity.org.uk/what-we-do/where-we-work/latin-america-and-caribbean/brazil
46 http://abeiradourbanismo.blogspot.co.uk/2012/02/habitacao-empregoe-mobilidade.html
47 https://lsecities.net/media/objects/articles/relocating-homes-and-lives-in-rios-olympic-city/en-gb/
48 https://www.boell.de/en/2014/06/11/we-were-not-invited-party-women-and-world-cup
49 http://www.rioonwatch.org/?p=6527
50 https://www.lincolninst.edu/sites/default/files/pubfiles/koch_wp13jk1.pdf
51 https://www.boell.de/en/2014/06/11/we-were-not-invited-party-women-and-world-cup
52 https://lsecities.net/media/objects/articles/relocating-homes-and-lives-in-rios-olympic-city/en-gb/
53 http://www.rioonwatch.org/?p=6527
54 http://www.rioonwatch.org/?p=25015
55 https://www.boell.de/en/2014/06/11/we-were-not-invited-party-women-and-world-cup
56 http://www.citylab.com/commute/2013/09/how-design-city-women/6739/
57 Ibid.
58 http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GGGR16/WEF_Global_Gender_Gap_Report_2016.pdf
59 Alexis Grenell (2015), ‘Sex & the Stadt: Reimagining Gender in the Built Environment’, http://www.academia.edu/10324825/Sex_and_the_Stadt_Reimagining_Gender_in_the_Built_Environment
60 Architekturzentrum Wien (2008), Housing in Vienna: Innovative, Social, Ecological, Vienna
61 http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007–12-25-Designingwomen_N.htm
Chapter 2
1 https://twitter.com/SamiraAhmedUK/status/849338626202886144
2 https://www.barbican.org.uk/about-barbican/people
3 Banks, Taunya Lovell (1991), ‘Toilets as a Feminist Issue: A True Story’, Berkeley Women’s Law Journal, 6:2 263–289
4 Greed, Clara (2014), ‘Global gendered toilet provision’, in ‘More Public than Private: Toilet Adoption and Menstrual Hygiene Management II’, AAG Annual Conference, Tampa, Florida, USA, 8–12 April 2014
5 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3749018/
6 Greed (2014)
7 http://www.unric.org/en/latest-un-buzz/29530-one-out-of-three-women-without-a-toilet
8 http://womendeliver.org/2016/yale-study-examines-link-sexual-violence-access-sanitation/
9 http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/india-has-60-4-per-cent-people-without-access-to-toilet-study/
10 Greed (2014)
11 Ibid.
12 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rose-george/open-defecation-india_b_7898834.html https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/aug/28/toilets-india-health-rural-women-safety
13 https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/wrdsanitation0417_web_0.pdf 2017
14 Sommer, Marni, Chandraratna, Sahani, Cavill, Sue, Mahon, Therese, and Phillips-Howard, Penelope (2016), ‘Managing menstruation in the workplace: an overlooked issue in low- and middle-income countries’, Int. J. Equity Health, 15:86
15 https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/wrdsanitation0417_web_0.pdf 2017
16 http://ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk/bombay-high-court-makes-right-to-clean-toilets-a-fundamental-right-for-women-in-india/
17 https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-11-25/women-india-agitate-their-right-pee
18 Ibid.
19 http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/women-in-slums-forced-to-defecate-in-open-say-community-toilets-are-unsafe-at-night/
20 https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/aug/28/toilets-india-health-rural-women-safety; https://womennewsnetwork.net/2012/12/19/india-women-new-delhi-slum-toilets/
21 https://www.newsdeeply.com/womenandgirls/articles/2017/02/03/without-access-clean-safe-toilets-women-face-assault-illness
22 Jadhav, A., Weitzman, A. and Smith-Greenaway, E. (2016), ‘Household sanitation facilities and women’s risk
of non-partner sexual violence in India’, BMC Public Health, 16:1139
23 https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/06/02/318259419/double-rape-lynching-in-india-exposes-caste-fault-lines
24 http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-right-to-pee-bombay-high-court-gives-municipal-corporations-deadline-in-pil-on-toilets-for-women-2045476
25 https://broadly.vice.com/en_us/article/the-women-in-india-fighting-for-the-right-to-pee
26 http://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/civic/BMCs-promise-forwomens-toilets-goes-down-the-drain/articleshow/50801316.cms
27 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0122244
28 https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-11-25/women-india-agitate-their-right-pee
29 https://www.newsdeeply.com/womenandgirls/articles/2017/02/03/without-access-clean-safe-toilets-women-face-assault-illness
30 Greed (2014)
31 http://www.phlush.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/americanrestroomcalltoactionpaper.pdf
32 https://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/ucloo-festival-2013/2013/09/17/toilets-gender-and-urbanism/
33 http://transweb.sjsu.edu/sites/default/files/2611-women-transportation.pdf 2009
34 http://transweb.sjsu.edu/sites/default/files/2611-women-transportation.pdf
35 Gardner, Natalie, Cui, Jianqiang and Coiacetto, Eddo (2017), ‘Harassment on public transport and its impacts on women’s travel behaviour’, Australian Planner, 54:1, 8–15
36 Ibid.
37 Ibid.
38 http://transweb.sjsu.edu/sites/default/files/2611-women-transportation.pdf
39 Gardner, Cui and Coiacetto (2017)
40 Ceccato, Vania and Paz, Yuri (2017), ‘Crime in São Paulo’s metro system: sexual crimes against women’, Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 19:3–4, 211–26
41 http://www.cbgaindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Women-safety-indelhi.pdf
42 http://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/need-to-make-public-transport-in-delhi-women-friendly-study/story-Eq8h997zRiq8XTdIr7dQ0H.html
43 Ceccato and Paz (2017)
44 Gardner, Cui and Coiacetto (2017)
45 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-44740362
46 Ceccato and Paz (2017)
47 Gardner, Cui and Coiacetto (2017)
48 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/soraya-chemaly/for-women-rape-isnt-amom_b_9997350.html
Invisible Women Page 32
