38. Karlfried Graf von Durckheim, German philosopher and psychotherapist, and author of Hara: The Vital Center of Man. (London: G. Allen and Unwin, 1962).
39. Mu (or wu in Chinese): means not or no-that which is beyond mere positive and negative. Ku (sunyata in Sanskrit): means emptinessin the sense that all things come from ku.
40. Known as Kongo Kyo in Japanese, in Sanskrit as Vajracchedika Prana Paramita Sutra ("The Perfection of Transcendental Wisdom which Cuts like a Diamond") and in English as the Diamond Sutra.
41. A famous phrase from the Diamond Sutra.
42. Ze-ami (1363-1443) the founder of No; wrote a book entitled, Kanedsho. In this work he considered that in any form of activity it was essential to harmonize the yo (the positive, the light), with the yin (the negative, darkness). Ze-ami retired from the No acting tradition when he was sixty, became a Zen monk and devoted the rest of his life to the way.
43. Sho means chant and myo means light; a pentatonic plainsong similar to the Gregorian chant. Nowadays shomyo is primarily performed in the Tendai and the Shingon sects.
44. Daihishin-darani: a solo chant. A chant for the maintenance and the preservation of one's better attributes and/or qualities. Daranis are magic formulas that lay hold of the good so that it won't be lost, and the evil so that it won't arise.
45. Atman: the supreme self, the universal consciousness, the divine element in man.
46. After Buddha's death a deep philosophic conflict arose over this issue, and it still persists today. The Buddhist doctrine of vanishing phenomena tells us that all phenomena are illusion; therefore karma, being something, must also vanish. Contrarily, the Buddhist doctrine of karma tells us that non-manifest karma does not vanish, but rather that it continues, even unto eternity. Reality in Buddhism, however, is the reality of existence and of non-existence; it is the existence of each separate being, of affirmed existence as well as of negative nonexistence. Therefore, what's the contradiction? I can't see it.
47. Fudo is non-movement; shinmyo means magic, excellence; chi is wisdom; roku is record.
48. Kendo: literally, the way of the sword.
49. Budo, the way of the samurai. It includes kendo, judo, aikido, etc.
50. Mu gen means no eyes; ryu is school.
51. Mu is no; nen is thinking.
52. Oto means sound; nashi means without; and kamae means attitude.
53. Miyamoto Musashi was one of Japan's great samurais, and he killed many people. Later in life he left off the sword and, like the blind samurai Sukae, he became a disciple of Zen master Takuan. In the last years of his life, Musashi lived in a cave in the mountains. He died in 1645, an ordained Bodhisattva.
54. Traditional judo. Known as the teaching of gentleness.
55. Kyu is to manage, direct, control. Shin is mind. Ryu is school.
56. Alan Watts himself noted that in some Zen practice there is no emphasis placed upon zazen, but rather a focus on the "...use of one's ordinary work as the means of meditation. This was certainly true of Bankei, and this principle underlies the common use of such arts as 'tea ceremony,' flute playing, brush drawing, archery, fencing and ju jutsu as ways of practising Zen." (Watts, Alan. The Way of Zen. New York: Vintage, 1957, p. 111).
57. This statement is in reference to a woman's question in the mondo earlier.
58. Ejo the secretary; see Glossary.
59. Alaya consciousness is universal mind; the store-consciousness of the pure essence of Mind. Coomaraswamy says of Alaya consciousness that it is the cosmic, not impersonal, all-containing, ever-enduring Mind. Ernest Wood says that Alaya is the self-nature present in sentient beings and it is this which Buddha experienced at the time of his great satori under the Bodhi tree. And in the Mahayana Sraddhotpada Sastra it is said, of both manas and alaya, that, "...the mind (manas) has two doors from which issue its activities. One leads to a realization of the pure essence of mind (alaya). The other leads to the differentiations of appearing and disappearing, of life and of death."
60. "Those who experience satori concerning mayoi are all Buddhas," writes Dogen. 'Those who take the great mayoi for satori are called the mediocre and the common."
61. "We were mind-created spiritual beings, nourished by joy," goes a passage from one of the Agama sutras (a collection of ancient Buddhist scriptures). "We soared through space, self-luminous and in imperishable beauty... .But when evil, immoral customs arose among us, the sweet-tasting earth disappeared, and when it had lost its pleasant taste, outcroppings appeared on the ground...."
62. Kapleau writes of this incident that Dogen had "...achieved full enlightenment through these words uttered by Nyojo." (Kapleau, Philip. The Three Pillars of Zen. Boston: Beacon Press, 1965, p.6.) While Sekida writes of the same incident that, upon hearing these words of Nyojo (shin jin datsu raku), 'Dogen had completed the Great Cause...Satori." (Sekida, Ketsuki. Zen Training. Tokyo: Weatherhill, 1975.)
63. 'To live this synthesis of East and West is the most valuable kind of pioneer work I can imagine-never mind who approves or disapproves." (Christopher Isherwood)
64. The powerful House of Tokugawa ruled as shoguns, 1603-1867.
65. Period from 1868 to 1912, corresponding to the reign of the emperor Meiji.
66. The master has, on occasion, given conferences at the Sorbonne.
67. Nagarjuna (100-200). 14th Patriarch and founder of the Madhyamika School; he was the greatest philosopher and Bodhisattva in the history of Buddhism.
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* Bold-faced words in the text are found in the Glossary.
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