Droukdel, Abdelmalek, 147
Drug cultivation, 11; Afghanistan, 117; employment, 12
Drug trafficking: and FARC, 12; Hamas, 101; Hezbollah, 77; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 51, 53; and PKK’s, 12; South American cocaine trade, 71; Taliban, 113, 114, 117
Dundalk, 33
Dunne, Ben, 33
Eastern Bloc countries, 11
Eastern Europe, human trafficking in, 12
East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM), 144, 163
Egmont Group, 25
Egyptian Islamic Group, 108
Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ), 108, 133
Ejercito de Liberaicion Nacional, 9
Employment: and drug cultivation, 12; of Hamas members, 96; of PIRA members, 30
Erambu, Mathivathani, 62
Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF), 55
ET Dizon Travel Pyramid Trading, 137
European Union, 78; Hezbollah, 93; Izz ad-Din al-Qassam, 112
Executive Order 13224, 25
Explicit knowledge, 18
External Security Organization (ESO), 70
External state support, 35; Al-Qaida, 140–41; Hamas, 101–2; Hezbollah, 78–79; Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 159–60; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 54–55; Taliban, 119
Extortion and protection payments, 13; Al-Qaida, 141; Germany, 54; Hamas, 54; Hezbollah, 77–78; Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 159; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 53–54; Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), 34–35; Taliban, 118
Exum, Andrew, 80
Ezzedine al-Qassam Brigades, 107
Ezzideen Diamonds BVBA, 76
Fair, C. Christine, 22
Fallahian, Ali, 71
Fatah, 40; Force 17, 82; Gaza, 104; vs. Hamas, 95, 104, 111–12
Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), 122, 145–46
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 11
Fein, Sinn, 31
Fennelley, Margaret, 33
Filastin al-Muslimah, 110
Financial Action Task Force (FATF), 24, 151
Financial Assets Tracking Center (FTATC), 25
Financial intelligence units (FIUs), 25
Financial Review Group, 25
First Intifada, 95, 103, 106
Flannery, Martin, 30
Flannery, Michael, 29
Food stamp fraud, 72
Force Research Unit (FRU), 17
Foreign Terrorist Asset Tracking Group (FTATG), 25
“Fourth Generation,” 120
France: COIN forces, 18; fraud committed by Islamist militants in, 139; Hezbollah attack in, 71; social security fraud, 51
Fraud, 31; credit card, 51, 72–73; food stamp, 72; Hamas, 98; Hezbollah, 72–73; Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 156; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 51; mortgage, 72; social security, 51; tactics of Al-Qaida, 136; Taliban, 115
Freeman, Michael, 3, 171
G7 Summit, 24
Gaelic Athletic Association, 41
Gandhi, Indira, 60
Gandhi, Rajiv, 60
Gardai, 37, 44–45
Gaza: Fatah/ Salafist groups, 104; Hamas popularity in, 109; Salafist Islam, 109; terrorist training in, 97; weapon smuggling, 101. See also Hamas
Gaza, Battle of, 95
Gaza War, 95
Gems/ precious metals insurgency, 13
General Army Convention (GAC), 38
German Baader- Mainhof gang, 40
Germany: al-Shahid Social Relief Institution, 72; AQIM fighters kidnappings from, 139; extortion and LTTE, 54; Hezbollah recruitment in, 89
Ghilzai Pashtuns, 113
Giustozzi, Antonio, 119
Global Islamic League, 135
Global Islamic Media Front, 149
Global Jihad, 141
Global Positioning System (GPS), 57
Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), 180
Goldstein, Baruch, 103
Goldwasser, Ehud, 75
Goodwill Charitable Organization, 72
Gormley, Dennis, 18
Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GIRoA), 131
Grand Hotel, 45
Grand Theft Auto, 167
Gray economy, 3, 5–8; Al-Qaida, 134–38; Hamas, 96–99; Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 154–57; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 49–52; Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), 28–32; Taliban, 114–16
Great Britain: credit card fraud, 51; Dirty War, 17
Greece, 17, 83
Green Book, 43
Green Quest, Operation, 26
Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC), 22
Group of Truth, 139
Guerilla warfare, 1, 36, 111
Gulbuddin, Hizb-i-Islami, 126
Gunaratna, Rohan, 66, 135
Haddad, Simon, 89
Hamas: activity funding, 96–102, 102–10, 172–75; Al-Aqsa Intifada, 106; Al-Qaida, 109; assassinations, 107; background, 95; charities, 97–98; COIN, 17; counter terrorists' finances, 111–12; dark economy, 99–102; Da’wa, 96; Diaspora community, 96–97; external state support, 101–2; extortion and protection, 101; first intifada, 95, 111; fraud, 98; Gaza, 109; gray economy, 96–99; guerilla warfare, 111; guns and glory in Gaza, 95–112; human resources and recruitment, 109–10; ideology, 108–9; intelligence, 104–5; Israel Defense Forces (IDF), 111; Kidnapping for ransom (KFR), 100; KindHearts, 98; leadership, 107–8; legal businesses, 98–99; media and publicity, 110; money laundering, 99; operational capability, 103–6; organizational capacity, 106–10; Palestine, 96; sanctuary, 105; second Intifada, 95, 111; smuggling, 101; training, 106
Hamdan, Usama, 112
Hammami, Sheikh Jamil, 107
Handbook for Volunteers of the Irish Republican Army, 43
Haniyeh, Ismail, 102
Haqqani Network (HQN): Al-Qaida, 141; assassination campaign, 16; and kidnapping for ransom, 9; and NATO, 17; and Taliban, 118, 125
Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya, 95
Harakat ul-Jihad ul-Islami, 145
Harakat-ul-Mujahideen (HUM), 55, 135
Hariri, Rafiq, 79
Harrison, George, 30
Hawala, 116, 137–38, 152, 174
Hawsaw, Mustafa Ahmed, 151
Hawsawi, Ahmed, 151
Hebdo, Charlie, 183
Hebron massacre, 103
Helmus, Todd, 22
Hezb-i-Islami Gulbuddin (HIG), 55
Hezbollah: activity funding, 71–79, 172–75; Al-Qaida, 76–77, 92; armed robbery, 75–76; attack on Argentina, 71, 83; attack on Bulgaria, 83; attack on France, 71; attack on Saudi Arabia, 71; charities, 72; Chicago-style racketeering, 78; and COIN, 17; counter terrorists' finances, 91–93; Diaspora support, 71–72; drug trafficking, 77; European Union, 93; external state support, 78–79; extortion and protection, 77–78; financing party of god, 70–94; fraud, 72–73; full-on hybrid politico-military powerhouse, 14; fund usage, 79–91; human resources and recruitment, 88–90; ideology, 87–88; insurgency against Israel, 81; Intelligence, 81–83; Iran, 4; kidnapping for prisoner exchanges, 10; kidnapping for ransom (KFR), 75; leadership, 85–87; Lebanon, 96; legal businesses, 73–74; Martyrs Foundation, 72; maximalist model, 4; media and publicity, 90–91; money laundering, 74; operational capability, 80–85; Political Council, 85; smuggling, trafficking, and counterfeiting, 76–77; South American cocaine trade, 71; Syria, 79; telecommunications fraud, 72–73; training, 84–85; weapons, 80–81; and West Africa, 83–84
Higgins, William, 75
High valuetargeting (HVT), 121
Hijra Construction, 137
Hindu temples, taxation on, 53
Hit and Win, Operation, 46
Hobsbawm, Eric, 21
Hodgson, Derek, 45
Hoffman, Bruce, 126, 141, 147–49
Holtmann, Philipp, 168
Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development (HLFRD), 97
Horgan, John, 32
Host Nation Trucking, 115
Hreik, Hrat, 89
&
nbsp; Human intelligence (HUMINT), 17
Human resources and recruitment, 22–23; Al-Qaida, 148–49; Hamas, 109–10; Hezbollah, 88–90; Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 165–67; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 64–65; Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), 42; Taliban, 126–28
Human smuggling, 10
Human trafficking, 10, 12; Central Asia, 12; China, 12; Eastern Europe, 12; Middle East, 12; Nigeria, 12; North Africa, 12; Russia, 12; Western Europe, 12
Hussein, Saddam, 99, 102, 153, 159
Ibrahim, Dawood, 53
Ideology, 20–22; Al-Qaida, 148; Hamas, 108–9; Hezbollah, 87–88; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 63–64; Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), 41; Taliban, 124–26
Illicit crops, 12
Improvised explosive devices (IEDs), 16
Improvised projected grenade (IPG), 37
India, 5; and COIN forces, 18; weapons supply to LTTE, 15
Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF), 61
Indonesia (Aceh), 5
Indo-Sri Lankan Peace Accord, 54, 56
Infocom, 99
Information operations (IO), 23
Insurgency, 15; countering financing of, 23–26; gems and precious metals, 13; inexpensive and group's goals, 182–84; natural resources, 13; vs. terrorism, 2. See also Terrorism
Intelligence, 16–17; Al-Qaida, 143–44; Hamas, 104–5; Hezbollah, 81–83; Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 161–62; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 57–59; minimalist/ maximalist model of, 16; Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), 57–59; and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), 16; Taliban, 121–22
Intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB), 121
International Business Corporations (IBC), 180
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), 24
International Islamic Relief Organization (IIRO), 135
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 26
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), 120–23, 128–30, 142, 146
Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), 121, 126, 143
Iran: Al-Qaida, 141; Hezbollah, 4; improvised explosive devices (IEDs), 16; Iraq war, 11
Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), 84, 88, 107
Iraq: improvised explosive devices (IEDs), 16; insurgency, 9; Iran war (1980–1988), 11; kidnapping risk, 9; recruitment, 22
Iraqi dinars (IQD), 160
Iraqi Sunnis, 153
Irish Northern Aid Committee (NORAID), 29
Irish Republican movement, 27
Irregular warfare: vs. Asymmetric warfare, 2; countering financing of, 23–26
Islam, 165
Islamic Emirate of Waziristan, 145
Islamic Health Committee (IHC), 89
Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO), 70, 75
Islamic Jihad Union, 141
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), 9
Islamic Resistance Movement, 95
Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS): activity funding, 154–60; Al-Qaida, 165, 169; Anbar Awakening, 166; armed robbery, 158; background, 153; building caliphate in Levant, 153–69; charities, 155; Cold War, 160; counter terrorists' finances, 168–70; daily income, 154; Diaspora community, 154–55; external state support, 159–60; extortion and protection, 159; fraud, 156; funds usage, 160–68; gray economy, 154–57; Hawala, 157; human resources and recruitment, 165–67; ideology, 164–65; intelligence, 161–62; Iraqi Sunnis, 153; Jabhat al-Nusra, 168; jihadists, 160, 166; kidnapping for ransom (KFR), 157–58; leadership, 164; legal businesses, 156; media and publicity, 167–68; money laundering, 156–57; oil trade, 168; organizational capacity, 163–68; sanctuary, 162–63; smuggling, trafficking, and counterfeiting, 158–59; training camps Syria, 163; ummah, 155
Israel: COIN forces, 18; Hamas conflict with, 108, 111; Hezbollah insurgency against, 79, 81–82; international arms traffickers from, 11; and Martyrs Foundation, 72; offences against Hamas, 95, 104; Sayeed Hassan Nasrallah on, 86
Israel Defense Forces (IDF), 81, 111
Israeli unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), 82
Izz ad-Din al-Qassam, 102, 103, 112
Jabari, Ahmed, 111
Jabhat al-Nusra, 133, 166, 168
Jaish Muhammad, 145
Jamaat al-Tawhid wali-Jihad (JTWJ), 153
Jamiat ul-Ansar, 145
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI), 121
Jamiat ul-Furqan, 145
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP), 63
Japanese Red Army (JRA), 55
Japanese United Revolutionary Army, 40
Jebril, Ahmad, 98
Jebril, Musa, 98
Jehaz Aman, 104
Jemmah Islamiyah, 22, 55
Jenkins, Michael, 149
Jihad, 87; Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 160, 166; Pakistan, 122; Palestine, 96
Jihad Academy, 149
Jihad al-Binaa (JAB), 73, 74
Jihad of the Sword, 108
Jizya, 159
Johnson, Thomas, 120
Johnston, Patrick, 14
Joint Action Group, 47
Jones, Seth, 14, 134, 141
Jonsson, Michael, 159
Jundallah, 78
Jund Ansar Allah, 104
Kahisl, Kamal Ismail Hafez, 103
Kamaraj Congress, 50
Kamikaze Operation, 92
Karachi Stock Exchange, 116
Karunanidhi, Muthuvel, 60
Karzai-led, 16
Kashmiri, Ilyas, 147
Kashmiri mujahedin, 55, 66
Keatinge, Tom, 186
Kenney, Michael, 18
Kenya: Al-Qaida attack on U.S. embassies in, 25; Al-Qaida terrorists in, 143; Hezbollah stronghold in, 75
Khairkhwa, Khairullah, 121
Khalifa Trading Industries, 137
Khalil, Abu, 87
Khalil, Maulana Fazlur Rehman, 135
Khamenei, Ali, 85
Kharaj, 118
Khilafa, 165
Khilafat Movement, 165
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruholla, 78, 87
Kidnapping for ransom (KFR), 8–10; Al-Qaida, 138–39; Hamas, 100; Hezbollah, 75; Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 157–58; and LTTE, 53; and PIRA, 33; Taliban, 116–17
Kilinochchi, Battle of, 68
KindHearts, 98
Kinetic activities: and Al-Qaida financing, 151; and Hamas financing, 111; and Hezbollah’s financing, 91–92; and ISIS financing, 168–69; and LTTE financing, 67–68; and PIRA fund-raising, 45–46; and Taliban financing, 130
King, Tom, 45
Know-your-customer (KYC), 25
Konsojaya Trading Company, 137
Kosovo, 5, 16, 23
Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), 12
“KP Department,” 57
KurdistanWorkers’ Party (PKK), 8, 12, 22, 183
Kuwaidia, 107
Laden International firm, 137
Lajnat al Daawa Al Islamiya (LDI), 135
Lal Masjid, 145
Laos, 17
Lashkar e-Jhangvi, 14
Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), 136, 145
Latin America, 5
Leadership, 19–20; Al-Qaida, 147; Hamas, 107–8; Hezbollah, 85–87; Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 164; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 62–63; Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), 41; Taliban, 123–24; vertical, 20
Lebanese Canadian Bank (LCB), 71, 74
Lebanon, 5, 96
Legal businesses, 31–32; Al-Qaida, 136–37; Hamas, 98–99; Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 156; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 51; Taliban, 115
Leone, Sierra, 16
Levitt, Matthew, 72–75, 96, 107
Liberation Front of Iran, 40
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE): activity funding, 49–54, 172–75; al-Qaida, 69; armed robbery and theft, 10, 52–53; assassinations, 59t; charities, 50; Coimbatore, 62; counter terrorists' finances, 66–68; Dharmapuri, 62; Diaspora community, 50; drug trafficking, 51; ethno-natio
nalist, 63; external state support, 54–55; extortion and protection, 53–54; fraud, 51; fund usage, 55–66; human resources and recruitment, 64–65; Indian weapons supply to, 15; kidnapping for ransom (KFR), 53; leadership, 62–63; legal businesses, 51; Madurai, 62; Marxist models, 63–64; media and publicity, 65–66; money laundering, 51–52; Nagapattinam, 62; organizational capacity, 61–66; Rameswaram, 62; recruitment campaigns, 22; Salem, 62; sanctuary, safe haven, and operational space, 59–60; smuggling, trafficking, and counterfeiting, 53; Tamil Nadu, 62; technological innovations, 58t; Thanjavur, 62; Tiruchirapalli, 62; training, 60–61; Tuticorin, 62; Twante, 60; Vedaraniym, 62; weapons, 56–57
Libicki, Martin, 17
Libya, 16, 23, 35
Libyan Islamic Fighting Group, 141
Lilja, Jannie, 64
Lions of the Levant, 150
Lister, Charles, 168
Litvak, Meir, 108
Lo Hsing Han, 7
London, and Al-Qaida attacks, 142
Lord Mountbatten, 45
Los Zetas, 180
MacStiofain, Sean, 41
Madrassa, 113; Pakistan, 119; Taliban, 128
Madrid, and Al-Qaida attacks, 142
Maguire, Keith, 31
Mahdi Scouts, 72
majlis-e-shura, 107
Maktab al-Khidamat (MAK), 133
Manpower Services, 137
Mansoura massacre, 91
Maoists, 120
Marine Engineering and Boat Building Section, 56
Maritime School and Academy, 56
Marji altaqlid, 85
Marks, Thomas, 21
Martyrdom operations, 86
Martyrs Foundation, 72
Marxist-Leninist doctrine, 87
Marzook, Mousa Abu, 99
Marzouq, Musa Abu, 112
Mastrogiacomo, Daniele, 117
McCabe, Jerry, 34
McEvoy, Seamus, 35
Media and publicity: Al-Qaida, 149–50; Hamas, 110; Hezbollah, 90–91; Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 167–68; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 65–66; Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), 43; Taliban, 128–29
Mehsud, Baitullah, 119
Meshall, Khaled, 98, 100, 107, 112
Metis vs. techne, 18–19
Middle East: and Al-Qaida, 150; American diplomatic missions in, 75; Hamas’s fund-raising network in, 96; human trafficking in, 12; ISIS’s virulent ideology in, 163, 176; Taliban sympathizers in, 113–14, 130; tourist kidnappings in, 9–10
Military deception (MILDEC), 121
Millennium Plot, 136
Ministry of Defense (MoD), 121
Ministry of Interior (MoI), 121
Mogadishu, 11
Money laundering, 7–8, 32; Afghanistan, 131; Al-Qaida, 137–38; Australia, 12; Hamas, 99; Hezbollah, 74; Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 156–57; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 51–52; Taliban, 116
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