Mother Father Revolution

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by Owen W. Cameron


  6James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.15.

  7R. W. Ferrier, The History of the British Petroleum Company: The Developing Years, 1901–1932 (Cambridge: 1982), App. 1.1.

  8Ibid.

  9Sir Arnold Wilson, SW Persia: A Political Officer’s Diary, 1907–1914 (Oxford: 1941), p.42.

  10R. W. Ferrier, The History of the British Petroleum Company: The Developing Years, 1901–1932 (Cambridge: 1982), App. 1.1.

  11Ibid, p.361.

  12James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.24.

  13Ibid, p.23.

  14Thomas Hubbard Vail Motter, The Persian Corridor and Aid to Russia: The United States Army in World War II, Middle East Theatre (Literary Licensing: 2013), p.243.

  15Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Mission, p.57: ‘When you think I’ve been wounded by a good five bullets… you have to believe in miracles. I’ve had so many air disasters, and yet I’ve always come out unscathed – thanks to a miracle willed by God and the prophets.’ Oriana Fallaci, Interview with History, translated by John Sheppey (New York, 1976), p.269.

  16 James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.61.

  17J.H. Bamberg, The History of British Petroleum, Vol.2: The Anglo-Iranian Years (Cambridge, 1994), p.325.

  18James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.63.

  19Ibid.

  20‘This fervour for Iranian sovereignty over its oil was widespread, and popular in every corner of the country. In the summer of 1950, a group of Oxford University students studying the fish, flora and geography of the irrigation canals at Kerman in the southeast, found even in remote villages the constant refrain: ‘Give us our oil and then there is nothing which we will not be able to do’.’ Anthony Smith, Blind White Fish in Persia (London, 1953), p.95.

  21Secretary of State Acheson wrote from Paris after a meeting with British officials on 10th November 1951: ‘The cardinal purpose of British policy is not to prevent Iran going ‘commie’; the cardinal point is to preserve what they believe to be the last remaining bastion of British solvency.’ FRUS, 1952–1954, Vol. X, Iran, Secretary of State to Department of State, Paris. 10th November 1951.

  22James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.63.

  23Ibid, p64.

  24Ibid, p71.

  25CIA (Donald Wilber et al.), Clandestine Service History: Overthrow of Premier Mossadegh of Iran, November 1952 – August 1953. App. E, p.2.

  26Ibid, p38.

  27James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.73.

  28Ibid, p.11.

  29E. G. Browne, A Literary History of Persia (Cambridge: 1902), Vol. 4, pp.22–25.

  30 James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.12.

  31Vali Nasr, The Shia Revival: How Conflicts Within Islam Will Shape the Future (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc, 2007), p.117.

  32James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.7.

  33A. W. Samii, Role of SAVAK in the 1978-1979 Iranian Revolution (Doctoral thesis, 1994).

  34V.B. Meen & A.D. Tushingham, ‘The Crown Jewels of Iran’ (Toronto: 1968), p.138.

  35James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.80.

  36Gerhard Bowering, Patricia Crone, Wadad Kadi, Devin J. Stewart, Muhammad Qasim Zaman, Mahan Mirza (eds), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought (Princeton University Press: 2012).

  37Baqer Moin, Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah (I. B. Tauris & Co, Ltd, 1999), p.42.

  38Ibid, p.184.

  39Ibid, p185.

  40James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.85.

  41Ibid.

  42Portions of an English translation of this work appeared in Harper’s Magazine, June 1985.

  43James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.87.

  44Hosein Ali Montazeri, Khaterat, Vol. 1, p.64.

  45James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.87.

  46Ibid.

  47Mohammed Reza used this phrase himself in a recorded conversation with British Ambassador Denis Wright: FO 248/1590, 16 April, 1963.

  48 James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.81.

  49Chronology of Fifty Years of the Pahlavi Empire (Paris: 1364, ad loc.).

  50James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.88.

  51Ibid.

  52Baqer Moin, Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah (I. B. Tauris & Co, Ltd, 1999), p.184.

  53Ibid, p.91.

  54S. R. Ward, Immortal: A History of Iran and its Armed Forces (Georgetown University Press, 2009), p.140.

  55Khomeini, Majmuei, p.129.

  56James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.88.

  57Amir Taheri, Spirit of Allah: Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution (Adler and Adler, 1985), p.187.

  58James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.100.

  59Abbas Milani, The Persian Sphinx (Washington, D.C.), p.176.

  60Gerhard Peters, John T. Woolley, Richard Nixon: Informal Remarks in Guam with Newsmen, in The American Presidency Project (Santa Barbara: University of California, 25 July 1969).

  61James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.107.

  62Ibid.

  63S. R. Ward, Immortal: A History of Iran and its Armed Forces, Georgetown University Press; reprint edition (17 January 2014), p.116.

  64Sir Anthony Parsons, The Pride and Fall: Iran 1974–1979 (London, 1984), p.24.

  65James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.113.

  66Hamid Algar, trans. Islam and Revolution, I: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini (1941–1980), (Berkeley, 1981), p.62.

  67James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.123.

  68Mohsen Kadivar, The State in Shia Jurisprudence (Tehran, 1376); followed by Kadivar’s successor volume Delegated Government (Tehran, 1377).

  69James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.122.

  70Robert Graham, Iran: The Illusion of Power (London, 1978), p.134.

  71 Ibid.

  72James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.192.

  73Ibid.

  74Ibid, p.16.

  75 Robert Graham, Iran: The Illusion of Power (London, 1978), p.80.

  76Karen Merrill, The Oil Crisis of 1973–1974: A Brief History with
Documents (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2007).

  77Mohammed Reza held a press conference in Niavaran on this date, and interchanged between English, French and Persian. Therefore, there are different translations in New York Times (24 December 1973); Robert Graham, Iran: The Illusion of Power (London, 1978), p.15; and Kayhan International (23 December 1973).

  78James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.171.

  79Sir Anthony Parsons, The Pride and Fall: Iran 1974–1979 (London, 1984), p.11.

  80Ibid.

  81James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.171.

  82 Ibid, p.78. From a comment made to the author by Abdol Majid Majidi, 16 July 1977, Director-General of the Iranian Plan And Budget Organisation (PBO).

  83James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.172.

  84Sir Anthony Parsons, The Pride and Fall: Iran 1974–1979 (London, 1984), p.60.

  85Ibid, p.61.

  86The government figure was nine dead, though the Islamic Republic has not so far attempted to tally the total dead from the year of the revolution. James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.199.

  87Sir Anthony Parsons, The Pride and Fall: Iran 1974–1979 (London, 1984), p.61.

  88Ibid, p.61.

  89Alain J. Pelletier, Bell Aircraft Since 1935 (US Naval Institute Press: 1992).

  90James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.189.

  91Ibid, p.212.

  92In an online profile of Sabzevar Rezaei Mirghaed, the formation of the Mansuran Group in 1970 lists a range of their insurgent activities, including the Khansalar bombing of August 1978. In this endnote, reference is made to the death of a labourer: http://www.sazegara.net/persian/archives/2006/07/060723_154435.html [Retrieved 25th October 2017]

  93James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.208.

  94Shaida Nabavi, ‘Abidan, 28 Mordad 1357: Sinema Reks’, Cheshmandaz, No. 20 (Bahar 1378); this number is also cited in James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.208.

  95Ruhollah Khomeini, Page of Light (Tehran, 1361), Vol. 2, pp.218–219; also cited in James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.211.

  96James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.209.

  97Farah Pahlavi, An Enduring Love (New York, 2004), pp.280–1.

  98James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.217.

  99William Sullivan, Mission to Iran (New York: 1981), p.165.

  100James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.218.

  101Sir Anthony Parsons, The Pride and Fall: Iran 1974–1979 (London, 1984), p.71.

  102James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.218.

  103Houchang Navahandi, The Last Shah of Iran: Fatal Countdown of a Great Patriot Betrayed by the Free World, a Great Country Whose Fault Was Success (Aquilion, 2005), p.189.

  104The eleven cities included: Qom, Tabriz, Mashhad, Isfahan, Shiraz, Abadan, Ahvaz, Qazvin, Kazerun, Jahrom and Karaj. See James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.219, p.440 of footnotes.

  105 James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.221.

  106 Ibid.

  107 Sir Anthony Parsons, The Pride and Fall: Iran 1974–1979 (London, 1984), p.71.

  108Ibid, pp.71–72.

  109James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.223.

  110 Ibid, p.224.

  111 Sir Anthony Parsons, The Pride and Fall: Iran 1974–1979 (London, 1984), p.80.

  112Interviews conducted with the Guardian on 6 November 1978: James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.232; and also recorded discussions on 22 and 24 October 1978 with Mehdi Bazargan, leader of the Iran Freedom Movement: James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.233.

  113James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.234.

  114Ibid, p.234.

  115William Sullivan, Mission to Iran (New York: 1981), p.208.

  116James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.208.

  117James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.264.

  118Amir Aslan Afshar, interview with Mahnaz Afkhami, 10–12 September 1988, FISOHA, quoted in Afkhami, Life and Times, p.528.

  119James Buchan, Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences (London: Simon & Schuster, 2012), p.266.

  120David Patrikarakos, “The Last Days of Iran Under the Shah”, Financial Times (London, 7th February 2009), p2.

 

 

 


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