Bailey T.G., Cable N.T., Aziz N., Atkinson G., Cuthbertson D.J., Low D.A., Jones H. (2016), ‘Exercise training reduces the acute physiological severity of post- menopausal hot flushes’. Journal of Physiology – London, 594:657–667.
Boone, T. Gilmore, S. (1995), ‘Effects of sexual intercourse on maximal aerobic power, oxygen pulse and double product in male sedentary subjects’. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 35(3):214–217.
Bruinvels, G. Burden, R. Brown, N. Richards, T. Pedlar, C (2016), ‘The prevalence and impact of heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) in elite and non-elite athletes’. PLoS ONE, 11(2):e0149881.
Bruinvels, G. Burden, R.J. McGregor, A.J. Ackerman, K. E. Dooley, M. Richards, T. Pedlar, C. (2017), ‘Sport, exercise and the menstrual cycle: Where is the research?’ British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(6):487–488.
Carey, G.B. Quinn, T.J. (2001), ‘Exercise and lactation: Are they compatible?’ Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 26(1):55–75.
Daley, A. Stokes-Lampard, H. Thomas, A. MacArthur, C. (2014), ‘Exercise for vasomotor menopausal symptoms’. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Nov28;(11):CD006108. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006108.pub4
Daley, A. Thomas, A. Cooper, H. Fitzpatrick, H. McDonald, C. Moore, H. Rooney, R. Deeks, J.J. (2012, ‘Maternal exercise and growth in breastfed infants: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials’. Pediatrics, 130(1):108–114.
Dunson, D. Colombo, B. Baird, D.D. (2002), ‘Changes with age in the level and duration of fertility in the menstrual cycle’. Human Reproduction, 17(5):1399–1403.
Fergus, K.B. Gaither, T.W. Baradaran, N. Glidden, D.V. Cohen, A.J. Breyer, B.N. (2019), ‘Exercise improves self-reported sexual function among physically active adults’. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 16(8):1236–1245.
Goom, T. Donnelly, G. Brockwell, E. (2019) ‘Ready, steady…GO! Ensuring postnatal women are run-ready!’ https://blogs .bmj.com/bjsm/2019/05/20/ready-steadygo-ensuring-postnatal-women-are-run-ready/ [Accessed 2019].
Hajizadeh Maleki, B. Tartibian, B. (2015), ‘Long-term low-to-intensive cycling training: Impact on semen parameters and seminal cytokines’. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(6):535–540.
Hajizadeh Maleki, B. Tartibian, B. Chehrazi, M. (2017), ‘The effects of three different exercise modalities on markers of male reproduction in healthy subjects: A randomized controlled trial’. Reproduction, 153(2):157–174.
Janse de Jonge, X.A. (2003), ‘Effects of the menstrual cycle on exercise performance’. Sports Medicine, 33(11):833–851.
Jóźków, P. Rossato, M. (2017), ‘The impact of intense exercise on semen quality’. American Journal of Men’s Health, 11(3):654–662.
Lumsden, M.A. Gebbie, A. Holland, C. (2013), ‘Managing unscheduled bleeding in non-pregnant premenopausal women’. British Medical Journal, 346:f3251.
Masour, D. (2017), ‘Postponing menstruation: Choices and concerns’. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care, 43:160–161.
McGlone, S. Shrier, I. (2000), ‘Does sex the night before competition decrease performance?’ Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 10(4):233–234.
NICE. Clinical Knowledge Summaries (2019), ‘Amenorrhoea’. https://cks .nice.org.uk/amenorrhoea [Accessed 2020].
Oosthuyuse, T. Bosch, A.N. (2010), ‘The effect of the menstrual cycle on exercise metabolism: Implications for exercise performance in eumenorrhoeic women’. Sports Medicine, 40(3):207–227.
Quinn, T.J. Carey, G.B. (1999) ‘Does exercise intensity or diet influence lactic acid accumulation in breast milk?’ Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(1):105–110.
Stefani, L. Galanti, G. Padulo, J. Bragazzi, N.L. Maffulli, N. (2016), ‘Sexual activity before sports competition: A systematic review’. Frontiers in Physiology 7:246.
Su, D. Zhao, Z. Binns, C. Scott, J. Oddy, W. (2007), ‘Breast-feeding mothers can exercise: Results of a cohort study’. Public Health Nutrition, 10(10):1089–1093.
The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists Committee Opinion (2020), ‘Physical activity and exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period’. https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2020/04/physical-activity-and-exercise-during-pregnancy-and-the-postpartum-period [Accessed 2020]
Wallace, J.P. Rabin, J. (1991) ‘The concentration of lactic acid in breast milk following maximal exercise’. International Journal of Sports Medicine 12(3):328–331.
Whincup, P.H. Gilg, J.A. Odoki, K. Taylir, S.J.C. Cook, D.G (2001), ‘Age of menarche in contemporary British teenagers: Survey of girls born between 1982 and 1986’. British Medical Journal, 322:1095.
Wright, K.S. Quinn, T.J. Carey, G.B. (2002) ‘Infant acceptance of breast milk after maternal exercise’. Pediatrics, 109(4):585–589.
Zavorsky, G.S. Vouyoukas, E. Pfaus, J.G. (2019), ‘Sexual activity the night before exercise does not affect various measures of physical exercise performance’. Sexual Medicine, 7(2):235–240.
Chapter 7: The Musculoskeletal System
Alexander, J.L.N. Barton, C.J. Willy, R.W. (2019), ‘Infographic. Running myth: Static stretching reduces injury risk in runners’. British Journal of Sports Medicine Online First. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101169 .
Alexander, J.L.N. Barton, C.J. Willy, R.W. (2019), ‘Infographic. Running myth: Strength training should be high repetition low load to improve running performance’. British Journal of Sports Medicine Online First. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101168.
American College of Sports Medicine (2011), ‘Delayed onset muscle soreness’. acsm.org/docs/default-source/files-for-resource-library/delayed-onset-muscle-soreness-(doms).pdf. [Accessed 2019]
Babtunde, O.O. Jordan, J.L. van der Windt, D.A. Hill, J.C. Foster, N.E. Protheroe, J. (2017), ‘Effective treatment options for musculoskeletal pain in primary care: A systematic overview of current evidence’. PloS One, 12(6):e0178621.
Barton, C.J. Lack, S. Malliaras, P. Morrissey, D. (2013), ‘Gluteal muscle activity and patellofemoral pain syndrome: A systematic review’. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(4):207–214.
Bates, P. (1985). ‘Shin splints: A literature review’. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 19:132–137.
Chakravarty, E.F. Hubert, H.B. Lingala, V.B. Zatarain, E. Fries, J.F. (2008), ‘Long distance running and knee osteoarthritis. A prospective study’. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 35(2):133–138.
Cheng, Y. Macera, C.A. Davis, D.R. Ainsworth, B.E. Troped, P.J. Blair, S.N. (2000), ‘Physical activity and self-reported, physician-diagnosed osteoarthritis: Is physical activity a risk factor?’ Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 53(3):315–322.
Coggon, D. Reading, I. Croft, P. Barrett, D. Cooper, C. (2001), ‘Knee osteoarthritis and obesity’. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 25(5):622–627.
Cymet, T.C. Sinkov, V. (2006), ‘Does long-distance running cause osteoarthritis?’ Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 106(6):342–345.
Dupuy, O. Douzi, W. Theurot, D. Bosquet, L. Dugué, B. (2018), ‘An evidence-based approach for choosing post-exercise recovery techniques to reduce markers of muscle damage, soreness, fatigue and inflammation: A systematic review with meta-analysis’. Frontiers in Physiology, 9:403.
Earl, J.E. Hoch, A.Z. (2011), ‘A proximal strengthening program improves pain, function and biomechanics in women with patellofemoral pain syndrome’. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(1):154–163.
Ernst, E. (1998), ‘Does post-exercise massage treatment reduce delayed onset muscle soreness? A systematic review’. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 32:212–214.
Fransen, M. McConnell, S. (2008), ‘Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee’. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4):CD004376. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004376.pub2.
Hill, J. Howatson, G. van Someron, K. Leeder, J. Pedlar, C. (2013), ‘Compression garments and recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage: A meta-analysis�
�. British Journal of Sports Medicine Online First. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092456.
Horga, L.M. Henckel, J. Fotiadou et al. (2019), ‘Can marathon running improve knee damage of middle-aged adults? A prospective cohort study’. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 5:e000586.
Kerhoffs, G.M. van den Bekerom, M. Elders, L.A.M. et al. (2012), ‘Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ankle sprains: An evidence-based clinical guideline’. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46:859–865.
Khaled, A.A. (2017), ‘Gender disparities in osteoporosis’. Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 9(5):382–387.
Kujala, U.M. Sarna, S. Kaprio, J. Tikkanen, H.O. Koskenvuo, M. (2000), ‘Natural selection to sports, later physical activity habits, and coronary heart disease’. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34:445–449.
Larson, P. Higgins, E. Kaminski, J. Decker, T. Preble, J. Lyons, D. McIntyre, K. Normile, A. (2011), ‘Foot strike patterns of recreational and sub-elite runners in a long-distance road race’. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(15):1665–1673.
Li, Y. Su, Y. Chen, S. Zhang, Y. Liu, C Lu, M. Liu, F. Li, S. He, Z. Wang, Y. Sheng, L. Wang, W. Zhan, Z. Wang, X. Zheng, N. (2016), ‘The effects of resistance exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis’. Clinical Rehabilitation, 30(10):947–959.
Luedke, L.E. Heiderscheit, B.C. Williams, D.S. Rauh, M.J. (2016), ‘Influence of step rate on shin injury and anterior knee pain in high school runners’. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 48(7):1244–1250.
Ly, M. Fitzpatrick, J. Ellis, B. Loftis, T. (2019), ‘Why are musculoskeletal conditions the biggest contributor to morbidity’. Health Profile for England, https://publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk/2019/03/11/why-are-musculoskeletal-conditions-the-biggest-contributor-to-morbidity/ [Accessed 2020].
Mattacola, C.G. Dwyer, M.K. (2002), ‘Rehabilitation of the ankle after acute sprain or chronic instability’. Journal of Athletic Training, 37(4):413–429.
NICE. Clinical Knowledge Summaries. ‘Morton’s neuroma’. https://cks.nice.org.uk/mortons-neuroma [Accessed 2019].
Nilwik, R. Snijders, T. Leenders, M. Groen, B.B. van Kranenburg, J. Verdijk, L.B. van Loon, L.J. (2013), ‘The decline in skeletal muscle mass with aging is mainly attributed to a reduction in type II muscle fibre size’. Experimental Gerontology, 48(5):492–498.
Noehren, B. Scholz, J. Davis, I. (2011), ‘The effect of real-time gait retraining on hip kinematics, pain and function in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome’. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45:691–696.
Pearcey, G.E. Bradbury-Squires, D.J. Kawamoto, J.E. Drinkwater, E.J. Behm, D.G. Button, D.C. (2015), ‘Foam rolling for delayed-onset muscle soreness and recovery of dynamic performance measures’. Journal of Athletic Training, 50(1):5–13.
Pegrum, J. Self, A. Hall, N. (2019), ‘Iliotibial band syndrome’. British Medical Journal, 364:1980.
Quicke, J.G. Foster, N.E. Thomas, M.J. Holden, M.A. (2015), ‘Is long-term physical activity safe for older adults with knee pain?: A systematic review’. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 23(9):1445–1456.
Romani, W.A. Gieck, J.H. Perrin, D.H. Saliba, E.N. Kahler, D.M. (2002), ‘Mechanisms and management of stress fractures in physically active persons’. Journal of Athletic Training, 37(3):306–314.
Rønnestad, B.R. Mujika, I. (2013), ‘Optimizing strength training for running and cycling endurance performance: A review’. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sport, 24(4):603–612.
Schroeder, A.N. Best, T.M. (2015), ‘Is self myofascial release an effective preexercise and recovery strategy? A literature review’. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 14(3):200–208.
Schwellnus, M.P. (2009), ‘Cause of Exercise Associated Muscle Cramps (EAMC) – altered neuromuscular control, dehydration or electrolyte depletion?’ British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43:401–408.
Stecco, C. Corradin, M. Macchi, V. Morra, A. Porzionato, A. Biz, C. De Caro, R. (2013), ‘Plantar fascia anatomy and its relationship with Achilles tendon and paratenon’. Journal of Anatomy, 223(6):665–676.
Wilson, J.M. Loenneke, J.P. Jo, E. Wilso, G.J. Zourdos, M.C. Kim, J.S. (2012), ‘The effects of endurance, strength and power training on muscle fibre type shifting’. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(6):1724–1729.
Timmins, K.A. Leech, R.D. Batt, M.E. Edwards, K.L. (2017), ‘Running and knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis’. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(6):1447–1457.
Uthman, O.A. Jordan, J.L. van der Windt, D.A. Dziedzic, K.S. Healey, E.L. Peat, G.M. Foster, N.E. (2013), ‘Exercise for lower limb osteoarthritis: Systematic review incorporating trial sequential analysis and network meta-analysis’. British Medical Journal, 346:f5555. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f5555.
Winters, M. Bon, P. Bijvoet, E.W.P. Moen, M.H. (2017), ‘Are ultrasonographic findings like periosteal and tendinous edema associated with medial tibial stress syndrome? A case-control study’. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(2):128–133.
Wright, A.A. Taylor, J.B. Ford, K.R. Siska, L. Smoliga, J.M. (2015), ‘Risk factors associated with lower extremity stress fractures in runners: A systematic review with meta-analysis’. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49:1517–1523.
Vasiliadis, A. (2017), ‘Common stress fractures in runners: An analysis’. Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine, 17(1):1–6.
Zügel, M. Maganaris, C.N. Wilke et al. (2018), ‘Fascial tissue research in sports medicine: From molecules to tissue adaptation, injury and diagnostics: Consensus statement’. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52:1497.
Chapter 8: The Skin
Crawford, F. Hollis, S. (2007), ‘Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot’. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3):CD001434. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001434.pub2.
NICE. Clinical Knowledge Summaries, ‘Paronychia – acute’. https://cks.nice.org.uk/paronychia-acute [Accessed 2020].
NICE. Clinical Knowledge Summaries, ‘Urticaria’. https://cks.nice.org.uk/urticaria [Accessed 2020].
NICE. Clinical Knowledge Summaries, ‘Warts and Verrucae’. https://cks.nice.org.uk/warts-and-verrucae [Accessed 2020].
Chapter 9: Self-Care
Budgett, R. (1998), ‘Fatigue and underperformance in athletes: The overtraining syndrome’. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 32:107–110.
Carter, D. Amblum-Almer, J. (2015), ‘Analgesia for people with acute ankle sprain’. Emergency Nurse, 23(1):24–31.
Fradkin, A.J. Gabbe, B.J. Cameron, P.A. (2006), ‘Does warming up prevent injury in sport? The evidence from randomised controlled trials’. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 9(3):214–220.
Keimling, M. Behrens, G. Schmid, D. Jochem, C. Leitzmann, M.F. (2014), ‘The association between physical activity and bladder cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis’. British Journal of Cancer, 110(7):1862–70.
Lipman, G.S. Gaudio, F.G. Eifling, K.P. Ellis, M.A. Otten, E.M. Grissom, C.K. (2019), ‘Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Heat Illness: 2019 Update’. Wilderness and Environmental Medicine, 30(4):S22–46.
Meeusen, R. Duclos, M. Foster, C. Fry, A. Gleeson, M. Nieman, D. Raglin, J. Rietjens, G. Steinacker, J. Urhausen, A. (2013), ‘Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: Joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicine’. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 45(1):186–205.
Montgomery, P. Dennis, J.A. (2002), ‘Physical exercise for sleep problems in adults aged 60+’. Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, (4):CD003404. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003404.
Neilson, H.K. Farris, M.S. Stone, C.R. Vaska, M.M. Friedenreich, C.M. (2017), ‘Moderate-vigorous recreational physical activity and breast cancer risk, stratified by menopause status: A systematic review and meta-analysis’. Menopause, 24(3):322–344.
NHS ‘Heat ex
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NICE. Clinical Knowledge Summaries (2015), ‘Insomnia’. https://cks.nice.org.uk/insomnia [Accessed 2020].
NICE. Clinical Knowledge Summaries (2015), ‘Sprains and strains’. http://cks.nice.org.uk/sprains-and-strains [Accessed 2020].
Orchard, J. Best, T.M. (2002), ‘The management of muscle strain injuries: An early return versus the risk of recurrence’. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 13:3–5.
Pedersen, B.K. Toft, A.D. (2000), ‘Effects of exercise on lymphocytes and cytokines’. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34:246–251.
Pijpe, A. Manders, P. Brohet, R.M. Colleé, J.M. Verhoef, S. Vasen, H.F. Hoogerbrugge, N. van Asperen, C.J. Dommering, C. Ausems, M.G. Aalfs, C.M. Gomez-Garcia, E.B. Hebon, Van’t Leer, L.J. van Leeuwen, F.E. Rookus, M.A. (2010), ‘Physical activity and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA ½ mutation carriers’. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 120(1):235–244.
Siegel, R. Laursen, P.B. (2012), ‘Keeping your cool: Possible mechanisms for enhanced exercise performance in the heat with internal cooling methods’. Sports Medicine, 42(2):89–98.
UK Chief Medical Officers’ Physical Activity Guidelines (2019), https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/832868/uk-chief-medical-officers-physical-activity-guidelines.pdf [Accessed 2020].
van Mechelen, W. (1992), ‘Running injuries. A review of the epidemiological literature’. Sports Medicine, 14(5):320–335.
van Poppel, D. de Koning, J. Verhagen, A.P. Scholten-Peeters, G.G. (2016), ‘Risk factors for lower extremity injuries among half marathon and marathon runners of the Lage Landen Marathon Eindhoven 2012: A prospective cohort study in the Netherlands’. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 26(2):226–234.
Whiteman, D.C. Wilson, L.F. (2016), ‘The fractions of cancer attributable to modifiable factors: A global review’. Cancer Epidemiology, 44:203–221.
Wilber, R.L. Moffatt, R.J. (1994), ‘Physiological and biochemical consequences of detraining in aerobically trained individuals’. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 8(2):110–124.
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