11. Circular from Tahsildar in Coimbatore district reproduced in the daily, Swarajya, 15.9.31.
12. To Johnson, 21.6.31, to Campbell, 28.6.31, Ashram File 40, Rajagopalachari Papers.
13. C.R.’s rules dated 22.4.31 in SF 733 of 1931, Tamil Nadu Archives.
14. C.R. quoted in Earl of Birkenhead, Halifax, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1965, p.307.
15. Tendulkar, Mahatma, vol.3, p.138.
16. SN 17609, Rajghat Sangrahalaya.
17. See Gandhi to J.C. Kumarappa, 2.8.8.31, File 123, Rajghat Sangrahalaya.
18. In Ashram File 20, Rajagopalachari Papers.
19. Ibid.
20. Exchange with Boulton, Collector of Salt Revenue, in Ashram File ‘Press: 1929-31,’ Rajagopalchari Papers.
21. C.R. to Mrs Muthulakshmi Reddi, 10.10.31, Ashram File 21, Rajagopalachari Papers.
22. Resolution of the Tamil Nadu Provincial Conference, Madura, June 6-7, 1931, Ashram File 63, Rajagopalachari Papers.
23. Speech of 20.10.31 in Ashram File 63, Rajagopalachari Papers.
24. Ashram File 61, Rajagopalachari Papers.
25. Letter of 12.11.31 in Ashram File 51, Rajagopalachari Papers.
26. Patel to C.R., 19.11.31, Ashram File 20, Rajagopalachari Papers.
27. Prasad to C.R., 23.11.31, ibid.
28. C.R. to S.B. Rath, 10.11.31, Ashram File 21, Rajagopalachari Papers.
29. Letter of 22.11.31 in Ashram File 20, Rajagopalachari Papers.
30. C.R. to Devadas, letter of 2.6.32, Devadas Gandhi Papers.
31. Gandhi to Chhaganlal Joshi, 9.7.32, CWMG 50:178.
32. CWMG 50:152.
33. Free Press, Madras, August 1932.
34. C.R. quoted in Pyarelal, The Epic Fast, Navajivan, Ahmedabad, 1932, p.viii.
35. Telegram of 15.9.32, CWMG 51:55.
36. From Foreword by C.R. in Pyarelal, The Epic Fast.
37. CWMG 51:77.
38. Quoted in Pyarelal, The Epic Fast, p.227.
39. Quoted in Pyarelal, The Epic Fast, p.93.
40. Final quotes from Pyarelal, The Epic Fast, pp.205, vii-viii, & 190.
9. SWITCH
1. See Monica Felton, I Meet Rajaji.
2. As quoted by C.R. in Plighted Word, Servants of Untouchables Society, Delhi, 1937, pp.1-2.
3. Letter of 3.12.31 from the Zamorin to Sir George Stanley, Governor, in USS 813 of 1933, Tamil Nadu Archives.
4. Letters of 17.12.32 and 23.12.32 from Russell to Chief Secretary, ibid.
5. Letter of 1.12.32 to Devadas from C.R., Devadas Gandhi Papers.
6. Letter to Devadas, 30.12.32, ibid.
7. Talk of 31.1.33 recorded in CWMG 53:494.
8. Tendulkar, Mahatma, vol.3, p.250.
9. Gandhi-C.R. talks, 1-2 June 1933, in CWMG 55:445-8.
10. Brackenbury, Acting Chief Secretary, to Hallett, Home Secretary, Government of India, 22.8.33, Fortnightly Reports of 1933, National Archives.
11. Letters of 12.8.33 sent via P. Sankaran, Sankaran Papers.
12. Messages from C.R. and details of his time in Coimbatore from C.R.’s letters in Sankaran Papers.
13. Devadas Gandhi Papers.
14. Ashram File ‘Prohibition: 1934-5.’
15. Ashram File, ‘AICC 1934.’
16. Letter of 6.4.34 from Shukla to C.R., ibid.
17. CWMG 57:404.
18. Ashram File, ‘AICC 1934.’
19. Diary entry in S. Gopal (ed.), Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Orient Longman, New Delhi, 1974, vol.6, p.248.
20. Ashram File, ‘AICC 1934.’
21. Dunichand to C.R., 4.5.34, Ashram File, ‘Congress Parliamentary Board (CPB) 1934.’
22. CWMG 57:396.
23. C.R. to Masani, 24.4.34, Ashram File, ‘AICC 1934.’
24. Statement by C.R., ibid.
25. C.R. to Ansari, 23.6.34, in Ashram File, ‘CPB 1934.’
26. Ashram File ‘CPB 1934.’
27. Ashram File ‘AICC 1934.’
28. Devadas Gandhi Papers.
29. To Monica Whately, 8.10.34, Ashram File, ‘Indian Conciliation Group.’
30. CWMG 59:23.
31. CWMG 59:268.
32. Leaflet issued by Madras Sanatana Dharma Pracharaka Sabha, 23.10.34, Ashram File, ‘CPB-South India, 1934.’
33. Wire dated 17.11.34, ibid.
34. Letter of 23.11.34 in CWMG 59:396.
35. Letter to Satyamurti, 12.11.34, Ashram File, ‘CPB-South India 1934.’
36. C.R. to T.R. Venkatarama Sastri, 25.1.35, Ashram File, ‘CPB 1935.’
37. Jinnah to C.R., 19.3.35, ibid.
10. ‘FALL’
1. C.R. to Mashruwala, 19.1.35, in Ashram File, ‘Gandhi Seva Sangh.’
2. Ashram File, ‘Retirement 1935.’
3. Ibid.
4. CWMG 61:28.
5. Quotes from Ashram Files, ‘Retirement’ and ‘AICC 1935.’
6. Both letters in Ashram File, ‘Retirement.’
7. Gandhi to Munshi, CWMG 60:421.
8. CWMG 61:411.
9. Letter of 30.9.35, Rajagopalachari Papers.
10. Ashram File, ‘AICC 1935.’
11. Brackenbury to Home Secretary, Delhi, 3.3.36, Fortnightly Reports of 1936, National Archives.
12. C.R. quoted by Mahadev Desai to Devadas, 6.10.36, Devadas Gandhi Papers.
13. Nittoor Srinivasa Rau told the author in 1973 that he saw C.R.’s remark written on a postcard.
14. All quotes relating to the Rajan episode from The Hindu, August 1936.
15. C.R.’s letter in Desai Papers, NMML, New Delhi.
16. C.R. to Mahadev Desai, October 1936, Devadas Gandhi Papers.
17. C.R., Upanishads, Hindustan Times Publications, New Delhi, 1937, pp. i and 8.
18. Letter of August 1936, Devadas Gandhi Papers.
19. Rajagopalachari Papers.
20. Related to author in 1973 by P. Ramamurti, the Communist leader, who was present at both conversations.
21. Letter of 14.4.37 in Erskine Papers, India Office Library, London.
22. Nehru quoted in Tara Chand, History of the Freedom Movement, Publications Division, vol.3, p.217.
23. Erskine to Linlithgow, 1.5.37, Erskine Papers, India Office Library, London.
24. Gandhi’s message quoted in letter of 16.7.37 from Mahadev Desai to G.D. Birla in Birla, In the Shadow of the Mahatma, Vakils, Bombay, 1968, p.213.
11. PREMIER
1. Letter of 22.11.38, Erskine Papers, India Office Library, London.
2. Letter of 28.6.37, Zetland Papers, India Office Library, London.
3. File 4144 Home of 16.10.37, Tamil Nadu Archives.
4. C.R. and Erskine quoted in Rutherford to Puckle, 30.6.38, Erskine Papers, India Office Library.
5. Munro to author, 1973.
6. Letter of 20.7.37, Erskine Papers, India Office Library (IOL).
7. Letter of 19.8.37, CWMG 66.
8. Letter of 8.12.37, Devadas Gandhi Papers.
9. D. Ramaswami Iyengar to author, Bangalore, 1973.
10. Kher to C.R., 18.7.37, & reply, Kher Papers, NMML, New Delhi.
11. Note of 10.11.37 in File 2602 PWD of 13.12.37, TNA.
12. Letter of 5.8.37, Erskine Papers, IOL, London.
13. Letter of 8.8.37 CWMG 66:25.
14. Nehru-C.R. correspondence, Oct. 1937, in S. Gopal (ed.), Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, vol. 8, pp.336-7.
15. Recalled to Gopal Gandhi by C.R.
16. Erskine to Linlithgow, 27.8.37; Linlithgow to Erskine, 29.8.37; Linlithgow Papers, IOL, London.
17. Minute in File 94 Public of 18.1.38, TNA.
18. See Erskine to F.H.Brown, 15.3.37, and to Linlithgow, 5.8.37, Erskine Papers, IOL, London.
19. Erskine Papers, IOL, London.
20. See CWMG 66:329.
21. 31.1.38, MLAD 4:582.
22. W.G. Lamarque to author, 1973.
23. A. Ramaswami, The District Gazetteer (Salem), Madras, 1967, pp.596-7.
24. Erskine to the King, 27.7.38; t
he King’s secretary to Erskine, 25.8.38; Erskine Papers, IOL, London.
25. See MLAD 4:104ff & 598-9.
26. Letter of 22.11.38 in Erskine Papers, IOL, London.
27. MLAD 5:344.
28. Feb. 1939. MLAD 10:64.
29. The Hindu, 16 & 17.7.38.
30. C.R.’s letter to Zetland of 21.12.38 in Erskine Papers, IOL, London.
31. The Hindu, June 1938.
32. On 18.8.38. See MLAD 8:333.
33. MLAD 8:342.
34. MLAD 8:342.
35. MLAD 8:344.
36. Note in File 2070 Public of 27.11.39, TNA.
37. Letters of 10.6.38 & 19.10.38 from Erskine to the Governor- General, Erskine Papers, IOL, London.
38. On 18.8.38. MLAD 7:339-41.
39. Letter of 28.12.38, Devadas Gandhi Papers.
40. Note by C.R. dated 8.6.38 in File 2070 Public of 27.11.39, TNA, Madras.
41. MLAD 11:369-70.
42. During debate in March 1939. See MLAD 11:378-82.
43. C.R.’s letter of 21.4.38 in Kher Papers, NMML, New Delhi.
44. Minute by C.R. in File 902 Public of 28.8.38, TNA, Madras.
45. Minute of 2.4.38 in File 1142 Public of 6.7.38, TNA, Madras.
46. In File 187 Public of 1.2.38, TNA, Madras.
47. Krishnaih, member of the Premier’s staff, to author, 1973.
48. Quoted in Erskine’s letter to the Governor-General, 23.6.38, Erskine Papers, IOL, London.
49. MLAD 9:588 & 703-7.
50. From Linlithgow to Zetland, 23.11. fit 13.12.38, Zetland to Linlithgow, 6.12.38 (Zetland Papers, IOL, London), & The Hindu, 1.12.38.
51. Gandhi to C.R., 21.5.38, Rajagopalachari Papers.
52. Crombie to author, 23.12.73.
53. Remark of 2.12.38 in MLAD 8:472.
54. On 17.8.38. MLAD 7:203.
55. The Hindu, July 1939.
56. See MLAD 13:44ff & 109; & The Hindu, 22.7.39.
57. Madras Legislative Council Debates (MLCD), vol.9, pp.94ff.
58. Nehru quoted in Brecher, Nehru, p.251.
59. This was Kripalani’s view, as communicated to the author in 1975.
60. Indian Review, Madras, April 1939.
61. Quoted by G.L. Mehta in Rajaji 93:99.
12. HITLER
1. C.R.’s note quoted in letter of 12.4.39 from Erskine to Linlithgow, Erskine papers, IOL, London.
2. Erskine Papers, IOL, London.
3. See Erskine to Linlithgow, 24.4.39, Erskine papers, IOL, London.
4. MLAD 11:370-8.
5. Previous three quotes from MLAD 11:387-9.
6. Note in File USS 1122 of 22.5.39, TNA, Madras.
7. Zetland Papers, IOL, London.
8. C.R. to J.B.L. Munro, 25.12.39, Letter shown to author by Munro.
9. Day to author, letter of 13.12.73.
10. From Erskine’s letter to the Viceroy, 26.10.39, Erskine Papers, IOL, London, and The Hindu, 26.10.39.
11. Desai in Harijan, Oct. 1939.
12. Letter to the King of 19.10.39, Linlithgow Papers, IOL, London.
13. Erskine to Linlithgow, letter of 21.10.39, Erskine Papers, IOL, London.
14. Glendevon, The Viceroy at Bay.
15. Erskine to Linlithgow, letter of 10.7.39, Erskine Papers, IOL, London.
16. Erskine’s telegram to the Viceroy, 16.9.39, Erskine Papers, IOL, London.
17. Menon, An Outline of Indian Constitutional History, Bhavan, Bombay, 1965, p.53.
18. Related to the author in 1973 by B. Shiva Rao, who had conveyed to Nehru the remark made to him by Hydari.
19. Debate excerpts from MLAD 14:36-128.
20. Ibid.
21. Letter from Day to author, 13.12.73.
22. Quoted in Rajaji 93: 160.
23. Comment in The Hindu, end December, 1972.
24. See MLAD 13: 312 & 42.
25. Quoted in Rajaji 93:160.
26. Brecher, Nehru, p.241.
27. Day to author, 13.12.73.
28. Ibid.
29. Reply in File 1672 Public of 9.10.38, TNA, Madras.
30. Morris to author, letter of 21.11.73.
31. MLAD 5:57.
32. In Rajaji 93: 204.
33. Reply in File 3551 Home of 29.6.39, TNA, Madras.
34. Saunders to author, 30.11.73; Morris to author, 21.11.73; Day to author, 13.12.73; Khaleeli and Menon in Rajaji 93: 177 & 236G.
35. Crombie to author, letter of 23.12.73.
36. MLAD 5:359.
37. Quoted by Butler in Nehru Memorial Lecture, Cambridge University Press, 1966, p.23.
38. Gopal (ed.), Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, vol.11, pp.799-800.
39. Rajaji 93: 108.
40. Kamaraj to author in an interview in Madras, 7.10.74.
13. COGITATION
1. Letters from Erskine to Linlithgow in November and December 1939, Erskine Papers, IOL, London.
2. Letter of 8.3.40, Erskine Papers, IOL, London.
3. Erskine’s and Zetland’s remarks in Zetland’s letter to Linlithgow, 1940, Zetland Papers, IOL, London.
4. Hope’s letter of 5.6.40 in Linlithgow Papers, IOL, London.
5. Quotes taken from Merriam, Gandhi vs. Jinnah, Minerva, Calcutta, 1980, pp.68, 81.
6. Letter of 20.7.40 in Nehru, A Bunch of Old Letters, Asia, Bombay, 1960, pp.446-7.
7. Gopal (ed.), Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, vol.11, p.799.
8. Letter of 18.7.40, Natesan Papers, NMML, New Delhi.
9. Gopal (ed.), Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, vol.11, p.800.
10. Ibid., p.178.
11. Letter of 9.9.40, Linlithgow Papers, IOL, London.
12. Discussion of 5.11.40, recorded by Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, in Amrit Kaur Papers, NMML, New Delhi.
13. The Hindu, 4.12.40, and eyewitness account to author by C.R. Narasimhan.
14. Letter of 22.1.41, CWMG 73:292.
15. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar in Rajaji 93:155.
16. Gopala Reddi and T.S. Avinashalingam in Rajaji 93:189 & 276; and P.T. Venkatachar to author.
17. Letter from Narasimhan to Tait, 26.5.41, shown to author by Margaret Tait.
18. Related to author by fellow-prisoner P.T. Venkatachar.
19. Linlithgow to Hope, 8.5.41, Linlithgow Papers, IOL, London. Account of the Sikander-Srinivasan initiative given to author by B. Shiva Rao of The Hindu, who had passed on Sikander’s message to Srinivasan.
14. REBELLION
1. Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru (SWJN) 11:734.
2. Devadas Gandhi Papers.
3. CWMG 75:224.
4. Quoted in C. Rajagopalachari, The Defence of India, Rochouse, Madras, 1942, p.24.
5. All quotes from Rajagopalachari, The Defence of India.
6. Linlithgow Papers, IOL, London.
7. Quoted by Wavell in Moon (ed.), The Viceroy’s Journal, Oxford, 1973, p.33.
8. Rajendra Prasad, Autobiography, Asia, Bombay, 1957, p.527.
9. Quoted in B. Shiva Rao, India’s Freedom Movement, Orient Longman, 1972, p.177.
10. Letter of 18.4.42, Linlithgow Papers, IOL, London.
11. Gandhi quoted in letter of 27.4.42 from Pyarelal to Devadas, Devadas Gandhi Papers.
12. Letter of 9.6.42, Linlithgow Papers, IOL, London.
13. Letter of 31.5.42 quoted in Rajaji 93: 160.
14. Letter of July 1942 quoted in R. Coupland, The Indian Problem, Oxford, 1942, p. 337.
15. Eyewitness account by S. Ramakrishnan in Rajaji 93: 213.
16. Quoted in Shiva Rao, India’s Freedom Movement, p.192.
17. Letter of 5.7.42, Rajagopalachari Papers.
18. Rajagopalachari Papers.
19. Linlithgow Papers, 1942, IOL.
20. Linlithgow’s remark recalled by C.R. in The Hindu, 10.3.43.
21. Phillips, Ventures in Diplomacy, 1952.
22. Entry in Wavell’s diary in Moon (ed.), The Viceroy’s Journal, p.57.
23. Account of talk from Ahmad (ed.), Speeches & Writings of Mr Jinnah, vo
l.2, Peerzada (ed.), Leaders’ Correspondence with Mr Jinnah, Bombay, 1944, and letter of 14.4.44 from Birla to Devadas Gandhi, Devadas Gandhi Papers.
15. ‘MOTH-EATEN’
1. Moon (ed.), The Viceroy’s Journal, p.78.
2. From Merriam, Gandhi vs. Jinnah, Minerva, Calcutta, pp. 92-107.
3. Moon (ed.), Journal, p.87.
4. From Merriam, Gandhi vs. Jinnah, pp.92-107.
5. Ibid.
6. From C. Rajagopalachari, Reconciliation, Hind Kitabs, Bombay, 1945.
7. Ibid.
8. Gandhi’s remark quoted in Pyarelal, Last Phase 1:88.
9. From Merriam, Gandhi vs. Jinnah, pp. 104-5.
10. Khaliquzzaman, Pathway to Pakistan, Longman, Lahore, 1961, p.278.
11. Quoted in Merriam, Gandhi vs. Jinnah, p.108.
12. Devadas Gandhi Papers.
13. Transcript supplied to author by Pyarelal.
14. From C. Rajagopalachari, University Addresses, Hind Kitabs, Bombay, 1949, pp.39-40.
15. From C. Rajagopalachari, Reconciliation, Hind Kitabs, Bombay, 1945.
16. See Moon (ed.), Journal, pp.98ff.
17. Ibid.
18. Quoted in Asoka Mehta and Kusum Nair, The Simla Triangle, Padma, Bombay, 1945, p.63.
19. Moon (ed.), Journal, p.154.
20. Moon (ed.), Journal, p.494.
21. Ibid. , p.142.
22. Mehta and Nair, The Simla Triangle, p.63.
23. Moon, (ed.), Journal, p.156.
24. Letter of 26.8.45, Sarat Bose Papers, Calcutta.
25. Quoted in Durga Das (ed.), Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol.2, p.182 (SPC 2:182).
26. Patel to A. Ali, 17.10.45, in Nandurkar (ed.), Sardar’s Letters, Patel Smarak Bhavan, Ahmedabad.
27. Quoted in Durga Das (ed.), SPC 2: 219.
28. Patel to C.R., letter of 22.2.46, ibid.
16. FREEDOM!
1. Quoted in Moon (ed.), Journal, pp.310 & 399.
2. Ibid., p.
3. See letter of 8.6.46 from Vazirani to Patel, SPC 3:105.
4. Comment to the BBC quoted in J. Ahmad (ed.), Speeches & Writings of Mr Jinnah, Ashraf, Lahore, vol.2, p.384.
5. See Rajmohan Gandhi, Patel, Navajivan, Ahmedabad, 1990, p.366.
6. Quoted in Pyarelal, Last Phase 1:251.
7. Cripps’s remark of 18.7.46 in the House of Commons quoted in Philips & Wainwright, The Partition of India, Allen & Unwin, London, 1970, p.218.
8. Letter of 14.7.46 in Rajagopalachari Papers.
9. Nehru’s note dated 15.3.46 in SPC 3:242-5.
10. Moon (ed.), Journal, p.281.
11. Letter of 1.8.46 in SPC 3:248.
12. SPC 3:40.
13. Moon (ed.), Journal, p.339.
14. Moon (ed.), Journal, p.349.
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