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Index
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable.
accepting too little, 97–99
achievement, 72, 73–78, 81, 111
adaptation, 61, 66, 68, 69, 157
addictions, 141–42, 164
age, 34, 37, 42–43
middle, 37, 39, 42
ambitions, 97
American Time Use Survey (ATUS), 30–35, 42–43, 107, 115, 188
anger, 10, 12
anticipations, 18–19, 67, 89
antidepressants, 80
Ardipithecus ramidus, 52
AREA model, 66
Aristotle, vii
art historians, 54
athletes, 54–55, 75–76
attention, xviii, xix, 23, 24, 43, 46–47, 68–69
adaptation and, 61, 66, 68, 69
conscious, 51–52, 54–55, 56, 57
gorilla experiment on, 49–50
life changes and, 60–68
origin of word, 192
as production process, 45–47, 48, 52
rationing of, 47–49
reallocation of, 99, 101
shaking up, 147–50
situational blindness and, 50–51
unconscious, 51–54, 56, 57, 121, 125
to what you are doing, 145–53
to who you are with, 154–55
attentional energy, 48, 54, 166–67
attentional problems, 71–99
mistaken beliefs, 72, 92–99, 103, 106, 109, 112, 117, 122–23, 171
mistaken desires, 72–82, 103, 109, 111, 116, 122–23, 132, 165, 170
mistaken projections, 72, 82–92, 103, 105, 109, 112, 116, 122–23, 170, 183
attention deficit disorder, 164
attention distraction disorder, 164–65
attention economy, 48
authenticity, 72, 78–80, 81
Bancamía, 172
bats, 182
behavioral spillovers, 56–60, 129, 186
being with others, 29, 32–33, 35, 107–8, 131, 152, 154–55, 175
beliefs, 118, 119
mistaken, 72, 92–99, 103, 106, 109, 112, 117, 122–23, 171
Bentham, Jeremy, 6–7
boredom, 7, 42, 68
Bradford, David, 16, 62, 75–76
brain, 71, 191
conscious and unconscious thought and, 122
in “experience machine” thought experiment, 79
hippocampus in, 49
Internet use and, 157, 164
mind wanderings and, 160
neurotransmitters in, 73, 79, 107
system 1 in, 52–55, 71, 93
system 2 in, 52–55, 93
time perception and, 150
breaks, taking, 122–23, 133, 148–49, 156
Britain’s Brightest, 49
Bromiley, Elaine, 50–51
Bromiley, Martin, 51
cab drivers, 49
cancer patients, 66, 88
Carnegie Mellon University, 187
Chabris, Christopher, 49
Champions League Final, 86
charitable giving, 184, 185–87, 188
cheating, xix–xx
in relationships, 78–79, 94
children:
having, 10–12, 37
spending time with, 12, 27, 30–34, 154
choice, 86–87, 121–22
paradox of, 119
circadian rhythm, 128
civil partnerships, 40
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), 153
cognitive dissonance, 95–96
colors:
in Olympic Games, 53
in Stroop task, 55–56
commitments, 126, 127, 131–36, 174
breaking, 134–36
and caring for others, 186
making, 131–34
commuting, 27, 29, 31–33, 112, 113, 116–17, 148, 154
compassion fatigue, 182
confirmation bias, 93
conspicuous caring, 186–87
conspicuous consumption, 187
contagion effect, 137, 180
context, 93–94, 108, 122, 125–26, 192
creativity, 149, 155, 156, 163, 171
Crisp, Roger, 79
day reconstruction method (DRM), 25–30, 31–32, 42, 43, 107, 115
using, 110–13, 184
deciding happiness, 101, 103–23, 169, 188, 191
and doing more for others, 184–85
feedback of others and, 114–20, 123
procrastination and, 172–73
trying too hard and, 120–22
your own feedback and, 103–14, 123
decisions, 121
letting others make for you, 119–20
defaults, 126, 127, 130–31
and caring for others, 186
delayed gratification, 18
delivering happiness, 99, 101
see also deciding happiness; designing happiness; doing happiness
delusion, 92–96
depression, drugs for, 80
designing happiness, 101, 125–44, 169, 188, 191
commitments and, 126, 127, 131–36, 186
defaults and, 126, 127, 130–31, 186
and doing more for others, 185–87
habits and, 126, 141–43
priming and, 126, 127–30, 131
procrastination and, 173–75
social norms and, 126, 127, 136–41, 186
desires, 80, 119
mistaken, 72–82, 103, 109, 111, 116, 122–23, 132, 165, 170
diminishing marginal
returns, 14, 147–48
discretionary time, 112–13, 154–55
distinction bias, 86–87, 116
distractions, 145, 155–67, 170, 175, 188
costs of, 156–58
divorce, 17–18, 40, 67
doing happiness, 101, 145–67, 169, 188, 191, 192
distractions and, 155–67
and doing more for others, 187–88
paying attention to what you are doing, 145–53
paying attention to who you are with, 154–55
procrastination and, 175–76
doing more for other people, 169, 176–88
charitable giving, 184, 185–87, 188
concerns for inequalities, 176–80, 186
deciding and, 184–85
departures from happiness and, 169, 183–84
designing a landscape for, 185–87
direct help, 176, 180–83
and paying attention, 187–88
dopamine, 73, 107
drivers, driving, 51, 83–84
cab, 49
duration neglect, 89–90, 171
eating, xix, xx, 27, 29, 31–33, 106–8, 109, 128–29
economic decisions, 48
Einstein, Albert, 16, 98
e-mails, 157, 163, 164, 165
empathy, 42
equilibrium, 48
evaluations, 3–5, 9, 21, 35–38, 41
experiences vs., 4
exercise, 58–59, 82, 94, 109–10, 129, 138–39, 142–43
weight training, 67–68, 138, 190
expectations, 37, 96–97, 109, 113, 118, 140
experience machine, 79
experiences, 41
evaluations vs., 4
experience-sampling studies, 24, 25
extroversion, 155
Facebook, 130, 138, 140–41, 164
false-hope syndrome, 97
fast-food restaurants, xix
feedback:
from others, 97, 123
your own, 97, 103–14, 123
feelings:
anticipation of, 89
aroused and nonaroused, 5–6
happiness as, 5–7
“positive” and “negative,” 5–6, 7, 10
projection bias and, 87–89
as sentiments, 8
Festinger, Leon, 95
films, 89–90
fisherman and the businessman, 73–74
flow, 145
focusing effects, 62, 83–86, 116
friends, 154
distance between ourselves and, 137–38
fundamental attribution error, 93, 183–84
Galizzi, Matteo, 16, 57–59
Gallup World Poll, 6
genes, 37, 63
genetic testing, 66–67
Gilbert, Dan, 114–15
goals, 72, 73, 75, 76, 97, 123, 132–33
gorilla experiment, 49–50
habit loops, 141
habits, 54, 126, 141–43
Hadza society, 186
happiness:
attention and, see attention
defining, 3–21
delivering, see delivering happiness
evaluations of, see evaluations
as feelings, 5–7
Happiness: Lessons from a New Science (Layard), x
happiness, causes of, 45–69
correlating factors vs., 23–24
happiness, data on, 23–43
from American Time Use Survey (ATUS), 30–35, 42–43, 107, 115, 188
from day reconstruction method (DRM), 25–30, 31–32, 42, 43, 107, 115
from evaluations, 35–38
from experience-sampling studies, 24, 25
interpretation of, 23–24
from longitudinal studies, 35–36, 61
from Office for National Statistics (ONS), 10, 38–41
Harvard Business Review, 171
Harvard Law School Fund, 187
health, 45, 46, 62, 82, 84–85, 94
loneliness and, 180–81
of others, caring about, 177–79
thoughts about, 161
health problems, trading off life expectancy to avoid, 84–85, 161
hedonism, 82
Hepburn, Audrey, 189
homework, 31–33
house, buying, 87
housework, 27, 29–34, 154
humor, 152
Huntington’s disease, 66–67
Ibiza, 92
incentives, 126, 133
income, 30, 34, 36–37, 45, 46, 80, 96
of those around you, 139–40
Internet, 157, 163, 164, 165, 175–76
introversion, 155
in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, 171
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 130
Jackson, Thomas, 157
Kahneman, Daniel, vii–viii, ix–x, xviii, 25, 41, 85, 118, 189
Kavetsos, George, 40, 85
Kudrna, Laura, 31, 43, 128
Laffan, Kate, 39
laughter, 152
law of diminishing marginal returns, 14, 147–48
law of small numbers, 133
Layard, Richard, x, 38
life satisfaction, 4–5, 9, 21, 35–37, 39, 42, 43, 139, 189
light, 128
loneliness, 180–81
longitudinal studies, 35–36, 61
Lordan, Grace, 96
Macbeth (Shakespeare), 98
marriage, 17, 30, 37–38, 39–40, 42, 82, 117–18
divorce, 17–18, 40, 67
McCain, John, 60
memory, 19, 113–14, 117
misremembering, 89–92, 171
time duration and, 89–90, 171
Metcalfe, Rob, 10, 38, 80, 86, 126, 127, 149, 160, 178, 185
Michael Palin Centre, xvii
mindfulness, 153
mindspace, 126, 133
mind wanderings, 160–63
mistakes, 71, 98, 118
see also attentional problems
money, 133–34
income, see income
saving, 109, 131, 174–75
spending on experiences, 146–47
thinking about, 158–60
winning, 83
moral cleansing, 60
moral judgments, 81
moral licensing, 60, 129
mountain climbers, 75
multitasking, 148, 156–57
music, 148, 149, 150–52
nature, 128
Navarro-Martinez, Dani, 185
New York Philharmonic, 90
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 150
noise, 65, 69
norms, see social norms
Nozick, Robert, 79
Nudge (Thaler and Sunstein), 125
nudges, 125, 127, 142, 150, 153, 173, 185, 186
Obama, Barack, 60
obesity, 62–63, 107
Office for National Statistics (ONS), 10, 38–41, 178
Olsen, Jan Abel, 186
Olympic Games, 53, 75
Opower, 127
optimism, 97
organ donors, 182
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 40
pain, 7, 9, 10, 15
peak-end effect, 89, 117
Peasgood, Tessa, 36
permitting spillovers, 58, 60, 186
personality, 37, 82, 155
phones, mobile, 164–66
pilots, 50, 51
Pixar, 155
placebo pills, 129, 130
Plank, Liz, 148
pleasure, 6–
7, 9, 68, 81–82, 190
cognitive dissonance and, 96
data on activities and, 25–35
feedback on, 103–20
projection bias and, 88–89
pleasure-purpose principle (PPP), 7–21, 190, 192
balance in, 12–15, 136, 139
feeling, 8–12
for life, 18–21
over time, 3, 15–18, 19
pointlessness, 7–8, 9, 10, 15
predictions, 71, 86
priming, 126, 127–30, 131
procrastination, 169–76, 188
deciding to overcome, 172–73
departures from happiness and, 169, 170–72
designing less, 173–75
and paying more attention to what you are doing, 175–76
production process, 45–47, 48, 52, 114, 123
projection bias, 87–89, 117
projections, 119
mistaken, 72, 82–92, 103, 105, 109, 112, 116, 122–23, 170, 183
promoting spillovers, 58
psychological immune system, 63–64
purchases, 87, 88, 109, 118
experiential vs. material, 146–47
purging, 58
purpose, 7–8, 68, 72, 81–82, 190
cognitive dissonance and, 96
data on activities and, 25–35
feedback on, 103–20
projection bias and, 88–89
see also pleasure-purpose principle
reading, 80–81
reciprocity, 182
Red Cross, 187
regrets, 19–20, 89
relationships, 134, 135
acceptance and, 99
breakups in, 63, 64
cheating in, 78–79, 94
decisions about, 95–96
see also marriage
religion, 37, 154
Rudisill, Caroline, 171
Russell, Bertrand, 21
salience, 104–10, 123, 126, 148
satisfaction, see life satisfaction
school, 82
achievement in, 78
Scrooge effect, 185
sentimental hedonism, 82
sentiments, 8, 82, 181
September 11 attacks, 61–62, 120
Shakespeare, William, 98
shame, 98
Sharot, Tali, 14
Simons, Daniel, 49
situational awareness, 51
situational blindness, 50–51
sleep, 16, 31, 128
small numbers, 133
smell, sense of, 65
smiling, 108
Smith, Adam, 85
smoking, quitting, 105, 131, 133–34, 141–42
social media, 138, 140
social norms, 126, 127, 136–41, 174
and caring for others, 186
spillover effects, 56–60, 129, 186
sports stars, 54–55, 75–76