Dignity & Power Now (dignityandpowernow.org)
Domestic Fair Trade Association (DFTA) (www.thedfta.org)
Eagletree Herbs (www.eagletreeherbs.com)
Earthseed Land Cooperative (earthseedlandcoop.org)
East New York Farms! (ucceny.org/enyf)
Ella Baker Center (ellabakercenter.org)
Environmental Justice League of Rhode Island (ejlri.org)
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (www.eeoc.gov)
Equity Trust (equitytrust.org)
Familias Unidas por la Justicia (familiasunidasjusticia.org/en/home)
Family. Agriculture. Resource. Management. Services. (F.A.R.M.S.) (www.30000acres.org)
Farmland Access (farmlandaccess.org)
Farm School NYC (www.farmschoolnyc.org)
Farm School NYC & Sustainable Flatbush (sustainableflatbush.org)
Farms to Grow, Inc. (www.farmstogrow.com/about)
Farmworker Association of Florida (floridafarmworkers.org)
Fedco Seeds and Fedco Trees (www.fedcoseeds.com)
Federation of Southern Cooperatives (www.federationsoutherncoop.com); Federation of Southern Cooperatives Rural Training & Research Center (www.federationsoutherncoop.com/fscprograms/rtccenter.htm)
Field & Forest Products (www.fieldforest.net)
Flats Mentor Farm (www.worldfarmers.org/programs/#flats)
Food Chain Workers Alliance (foodchainworkers.org)
Food Hub Collaboration (www.wallacecenter.org/foodhubcollaboration)
Food Project, The (thefoodproject.org)
Food Sovereignty Ghana (foodsovereigntyghana.org)
Foot Print Farms (footprintfarmsms.com)
Freedom Food Alliance (freedomfoodalliance.wordpress.com)
Fruition Seeds (www.fruitionseeds.com)
Global Village Farms (www.globalvillagefarms.org)
Gold Water Alchemy (www.goldwateralchemy.com)
Good Food Jobs (www.goodfoodjobs.com)
Green Belt Movement (www.greenbeltmovement.org)
Griffin Greenhouse Supplies (www.griffins.com)
Groundswell Center for Local Food and Farming—Incubator Program (groundswellcenter.org)
Grow Where You Are (www.growwhereyouare.farm)
Harmony Homestead & Wholeness Center (unveilwholeness.com)
Harriet’s Apothecary (www.harrietsapothecary.com)
Hattie Carthan Farm (www.hattiecarthancommunitymarket.com)
HEAL Food Alliance (healfoodalliance.org)
Herbal Tea House (greengreenscrub.com)
High Mowing Organic Seeds (www.highmowingseeds.com)
Homowo African Heritage Seed Collection at Old Salem Museums and Gardens (www.oldsalem.org/garden/gardens-landscape/african-american-seed-collection)
Hudson Valley Farm Hub ProFarmer Training Program (hvfarmhub.org/programs/farmer-training)
Hudson Valley Seed Company (hudsonvalleyseed.com)
Indigenous Remedies (irherbs.com)
Indigenous Seed Initiative (www.indigenousseedinitiative.org)
Interaction Institute for Social Change (www.interactioninstitute.org)
International Coalition to Commemorate African Ancestors of the Middle Passage (ICCAAMP) (www.remembertheancestors.com)
International Indigenous Youth Council (indigenousyouth.org)
Intervale Center (www.intervale.org)
Johnny’s Selected Seeds (www.johnnyseeds.com)
Kiva (www.kiva.org)
Lakeview Organic Grain (lakevieworganicgrain.com)
Land Loss Prevention Project (www.landloss.org)
Land Stewardship Project (landstewardshipproject.org)
Land Trust Alliance Directory (findalandtrust.org)
Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law (lawyerscommittee.org)
Líderes Campesinas (www.liderescampesinas.org/english)
Malcolm X Grassroots Movement (https://mxgm.org)
Mayflor Farms (mayflorfarms.com)
MESA (mesaprogram.org)
mindbodygreen (www.mindbodygreen.com)
Minnesota Food Association (www.mnfoodassociation.org)
Minnesota Food Association Big River Farms Farmer Education Program (www.mnfoodassociation.org/training-program)
Movement for Black Lives (policy.m4bl.org)
Movement for Justice in El Barrio (www.facebook.com/Movement-for-Justice-in-El-Barrio-54775959685)
Movement Ground Farm (movementgroundfarm.wordpress.com)
Mudbone Farm (www.facebook.com/pg/MudBoneFamilyFarm)
Natasha Bowens’s Color of Food Map (thecolorofood.com/cof-map)
National Black Farmers Association (www.nationalblackfarmersassociation.org); Let’s Get Growing Program
National Black Food & Justice Alliance (www.blackfoodjustice.org)
National Black Growers Council (nationalblackgrowerscouncil.com)
National Community Land Trust Network (cltnetwork.org)
National Coordination of Peasant Organizations of Mali (Coordination Nationale des Organisations Paysannes) (www.cnop-mali.org)
National Credit Union Administration (www.mycreditunion.gov/about-credit-unions/pages/how-to-start-a-credit-union.aspx)
National Domestic Workers Alliance (www.domesticworkers.org)
National Hmong American Farmers (www.nhaf.org)
National Incubator Farm Training Initiative (nesfp.org/national-and-state-networks/national -incubator-farm-training-initiative)
National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition (sustainableagriculture.net)
National Women in Agriculture Association (www.nwiaa.org)
National Young Farmers Coalition (www.youngfarmers.org); Land Link directory (www.youngfarmers.org/landlinks)
Natural Choices Botanica School of Herbalism & Holistic Health (www.naturalchoicesbotanica.com/school.html)
New Entry Sustainable Farming Project (nesfp.org)
Nolt’s Produce Supplies (www.noltsproducesupplies.net)
North East Community Center (NECC) (www.neccmillerton.org)
Oldways Preservation Trust (oldwayspt.org)
Olympia Food Co-op (olympiafood.coop)
Operation Spring Plant (operationspringplant.blogspot.com)
Organic Seed Alliance (seedalliance.org)
Osain Yoruba Herbal Medicine, Nile River Medicine (www.nilevalleymedicine.net/products/yoruba-course-in-herbal-medicine)
People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond (www.pisab.org)
PODER: People Organized in Defense of Earth and Her Resources (www.poder-texas.org)
Proceso de Comunidades Negras (Black Communities Process, PCN) (renacientes.net)
Queen Afua Wellness Center (queenafua.com)
Queering Herbalism, Herbal Freedom School (queerherbalism.blogspot.com)
Rain-Flo Irrigation (www.rainfloirrigation.com)
Real Seed Catalogue (www.realseeds.co.uk/seedcleaner.html)
Restaurant Opportunities Centers United (rocunited.org)
RID-ALL Green Partnership (www.greennghetto.org)
Rock Steady Farm & Flowers (www.rocksteadyfarm.com)
Rocky Acres Community Farm (www.facebook.com/rockyacrescommunityfarm)
Rooftop Gardens Canada (www.alternatives.ca or www.rooftopgardens.ca)
Roots of Resistance (www.instagram.com/rootsofresistance)
Rootwork Herbals (www.rootworkherbals.com/herbalism-school)
Sacred Roots Wellness (www.sacredrootswellness.earth)
Sacred Vibes Apothecary (www.sacredvibeshealing.com)
SCORE Business Plan Resources (www.score.org/content/business-plan-resources)
Seed Farm, Pennsylvania (www.theseedfarm.org/farm-incubator)
Seed Keepers (tierranegrafarms.org/seed-keepers)
Seed Savers Exchange (www.seedsavers.org)
Seedlibraries.org (communityseednetwork.org)
Seeds for Change UK (www.seedsforchange.org.uk)
Sierra Seeds (sierraseeds.org)
Sitting Bull College (sittingbull.edu)
Soilful City, Washington DC (soilfulcity.com)
Soul Fire Farm (www.soulfirefarm.org); Soul Fire Farm reparations map (www.soulfirefarm.org/support/reparations)
Soul Flower Farm (www.soulflowerfarm.com)
Southeast Wise Women (www.sewisewomen.com)
Southeastern African American Farmers’ Organic Network (SAAFON) (www.saafon.org)
Southern Exposure Seed Exchange (www.southernexposure.com)
Southern Poverty Law Center (www.splcenter.org)
Southern University Agricultural Research and Extension Center (SUAREC) (http://sualgc.susenterprisecms.com/page/small-farmers)
Southside Community Land Trust (www.southsideclt.org)
Sow True Seed (sowtrueseed.com)
Standing Rock Sioux (www.standingrock.org)
Stinging Nettle (www.thestingingnettlesonoma.com)
Third Root Community Health Center (thirdroot.org)
Three Part Harmony Farm (threepartharmonyfarm.org)
Training for Change (www.trainingforchange.org)
Truelove Seeds (trueloveseeds.com)
Truly Living Well (trulylivingwell.com)
Tuskegee University (www.tuskegee.edu)
Tuzini Farms (www.facebook.com/tuzinifarms)
Urban Agricultural Legal Resource Library (a project of the Sustainable Economies Law Center) (www.urbanaglaw.org)
Urban Farm Institute (urbanfarminginstitute.org)
Urban Growers Collective (urbangrowerscollective.org)
US Food Sovereignty Alliance (usfoodsovereigntyalliance.org)
USDA 1890 National Scholars Program (www.outreach.usda.gov/education/1890)
USDA Census of Agriculture (www.agcensus.usda.gov)
USDA Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights (https://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint-resolution)
Via Campesina, La; International Peasant Movement (viacampesina.org)
White Noise Collective (www.conspireforchange.org)
Wildseed Community Farm and Healing Village (www.wildseedcommunity.org)
Women of Color in Solidarity (www.wocsolidarity.org)
Working World, The (www.theworkingworld.org)
Yisrael Family Farm (yisraelfamilyfarm.net)
NOTES
Introduction: Black Land Matters
1. Jeffrey Jordan et al., Land and Power: Sustainable Agriculture and African Americans (College Park, MD: Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education, 2007), www.sare.org/content/download/50650/665630/file/landandpower.pdf.
2. Booker T. Whatley, Whatley’s Handbook on How to Make $100,000 Farming 25 Acres: With Special Plans for Prospering on 10 to 200 Acres (Kutztown, PA: Rodale Institute, 1987).
3. Arc of Justice: The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of a Beloved Community, Open Studio Productions, 2016, http://openstudioproductions.com/store/arc-of-justice-the-rise-fall-and-rebirth-of-a-beloved-community.
4. Michelle Ver Ploeg et al., Access to Affordable and Nutritious Food: Measuring and Understanding Food Deserts and Their Consequences, report to Congress for the USDA Economic Research Service (Collingdale, PA: Diane Publishing, 2009).
5. Maulana Karenga, “Principles and Practices of Kwanzaa: Repairing and Renewing the World,” Los Angeles Sentinel, December 24, 2009, http://www.officialkwanzaawebsite.org/documents/PrinciplesandPracticesofKwanzaa_000.pdf.
6. Jess Gilbert, Gwen Sharp, and M. Sindy Felin, “The Loss and Persistence of Black-Owned Farms and Farmland: A Review of the Research Literature and Its Implications,” Southern Rural Sociology 18, no. 2 (2002): 1–30, http://journalofruralsocialsciences.org/pages/Articles/SRS%202002%2018/2/SRS%202002%2018%202%201-30.pdf.
7. Mark D. Hersey, My Work Is That of Conservation: An Environmental Biography (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2011).
8. Y. Y. Liu, Good Food and Good Jobs for All: Challenges and Opportunities to Advance Racial and Economic Equity in the Food System (New York: Race Forward, 2012), https://www.raceforward.org/research/reports/food-justice.
9. Toni Morrison, Song of Solomon (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1977).
Chapter 1: Finding Land and Resources
1. Meissha Thomas et al., “What Is African American Land Ownership?,” Federation of Southern Cooperatives Land Assistance Fund, 2004, http://www.federationsoutherncoop.com/aalandown04.htm; 2012 Census of Agriculture: Black Farmers (Washington, DC: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2014), https://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/Online_Resources/Highlights/Black_Farmers/Highlights_Black_Farmers.pdf.
2. Dara Cooper, Reframing Food Hub Discourse: Food Hubs, Racial Equity, and Self-Determination in the South (New York: Center for Social Inclusion, 2006), https://www.centerforsocialinclusion.org/publication/reframing-food-hubs.
3. John Emmeus Davis, “The Backstory: Historical Background for Events Featured in the Arc of Justice,” in Arc of Justice: Rise, Fall and Rebirth of a Beloved Community, Open Studio Productions, 2016, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/574610bb20c647ad3c3c2daf/t/583c8c659de4bb595172a9b2/1480363113503/AoJ_backstory_v4a.pdf.
4. “Conservation,” Black Family Land Trust, http://www.bflt.org/conservation.html.
5. Finding Farmland: A Farmer’s Guide to Working with Land Trusts (Hudson, NY: National Young Farmers Coalition, 2015), http://www.youngfarmers.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/NYFC-Finding-Affordable-Farmland.pdf.
6. Jessica Gordon Nembhard, Collective Courage: A History of African American Cooperative Economic Thought and Practice (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2014).
7. “Preserving Farms for Farmers,” Equity Trust, http://equitytrust.org/farms-for-farmers.
8. 2012 Census of Agriculture: Black Farmers.
9. “About Us,” California FarmLink, http://www.californiafarmlink.org/about-us.
10. “National Incubator Farm Training,” New Entry Sustainable Farming Project, https://nesfp.org/food-systems/national-incubator-farm-training-initiative.
11. Tasha M. Hargrove et al., “A Case Study Analysis of a Regional Food System: The Sustainable Agriculture Consortium for Historically Disadvantaged Farmers Program,” Professional Agricultural Workers Journal 1, no. 2 (2014): 1–11.
12. Appiah Sarpong and Michael Addusei, “Multinomial Logistic Analysis of ‘Susu’ Contribution in Ghana,” Journal of Economic and Social Development 1, no. 1 (2014): 96–105.
13. Joelle Cruz, “Memories of Trauma and Organizing: Market Women’s Susu Groups in Postconflict Liberia,” Organization 21, no. 4 (2014): 447–62.
14. Growing Opportunity: A Guide to USDA Sustainable Farming Programs (Washington, DC: National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition, 2017), http://sustainableagriculture.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/FSA-Guide-Final.pdf.
15. “Minority and Women Farmers and Ranchers,” USDA Farm Service Agency, https://www.fsa.usda.gov/programs-and-services/farm-loan-programs/minority-and-women-farmers-and-ranchers/index.
16. Guide to Farming in New York State: What Every Ag Entrepreneur Needs to Know (Ithaca, NY: Cornell Small Farms Program, 2015), https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/40229.
17. Tracy Dunn and Jeff Neumann, “40 Acres and a Mule Would Be at Least $6.4 Trillion Today—What the US Really Owes Black America,” Yes! Magazine, May 14, 2015, http://www.yesmagazine.org/issues/make-it-right/infographic-40-acres-and-a-mule-would-be-at-least-64-trillion-today.
18. “Supporting Black-Led, Black Liberation,” Resource Generation, http://resourcegeneration.org/what-we-do/supporting-black-led-black-liberation.
19. Nembhard, Collective Courage.
20. Tim O’Brien, “Albany’s Historic Rapp Road Neighborhood Has Roots in Southern Migration,” Times Union, August 25, 2015.
Chapter 2: Planning Your Farm Business
1. Dennis Austin and Robin Luckham, Politi
cians and Soldiers in Ghana 1966–1972 (London: Frank Cass, 1975).
2. Charles Reagan Wilson, “Mississippi Rebels: Elvis Presley, Fannie Lou Hamer, and the South’s Culture of Religious Music,” Southern Quarterly 50, no. 2 (2013): 9–30.
3. “Fannie Lou Hamer Founds Freedom Farm Collective,” Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, 2017, https://snccdigital.org/events/fannie-lou-hamer-founds-freedom-farm-cooperative.
4. Jessica Gordon Nembhard, Collective Courage: A History of African American Cooperative Economic Thought and Practice (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2014).
5. Oluwo Ifakolade Obafemi, Ile Ifa International: Orunmila’s Healing Spaces (Xlibris US, 2011).
6. Margaret Lund, Solidarity as a Business Model: A Multi-Stakeholder Cooperatives Manual (Kent, OH: Cooperative Development Center at Kent State University, 2011), http://www.uwcc.wisc.edu/pdf/multistakeholder%20coop%20manual.pdf.
7. Booker T. Whatley, “The Small Farm Plan by Booker T. Whatley,” interview in Mother Earth News, May–June 1982, http://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/small-farm-plan-zmaz82mjzkin?PageId=7.
8. Barbara Seeber, “The Producer,” Utne Reader, October–November 1984, 100.
9. Alyssa Battistoni, “America Spends Less on Food than Any Other Country,” Mother Jones, February 1, 2012, http://www.motherjones.com/food/2012/02/america-food-spending-less.
10. Alana Rhone et al., Low-Income and Low-Supermarket-Access Census Tracts, 2010–2015 (Washington, DC: USDA Economic Research Service, 2017), https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/82101/eib-165.pdf?v=42752.
11. Dara Cooper, Reframing Food Hub Discourse: Food Hubs, Racial Equity, and Self-Determination in the South (New York: Center for Social Inclusion, 2006), https://www.centerforsocialinclusion.org/publication/reframing-food-hubs.
12. Dennis Derryk, personal communication to the author, 2016.
13. Regional Food Hub Resource Guide (Washington, DC: USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, 2012), https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/Regional%20Food%20Hub%20Resource%20Guide.pdf.
14. Marylynn Steckley, “Eating Up the Social Ladder: The Problem of Dietary Aspirations for Food Sovereignty,” Agriculture and Human Values 33, no. 3 (2016): 549–62.
15. Christian N. Vannier, “Rational Cooperation: Situating Konbit Labor Practice in Context,” Journal of Haitian Studies 15, no. 1–2 (2009): 333–49.
Farming While Black Page 45
