Jews persecuted by, 4, 12–14, 16, 17, 20, 24
last stand preparation by, 152, 153–54, 212
loyalty to, 211–12
movable bridges built by, 159
Netherlands invaded by, 52–53
nonaggression pact with Russians, 25–26
Normandy invasion plans and, 58–59
officers, Freddy’s team’s encounters with, 121
OSS training and, 42
Poland invaded by, 26
POWs, 61–63
propaganda, 156, 174, 212
railway system, 76, 158–63, 170, 228, 263 n163
resisters of (See resisters, anti-Nazi)
rise to power, 10–11
slave laborers used by, 164, 166, 167, 212
in Tyrol region of Austria, 77, 86, 90
U.S. intelligence void and, 37–38
U.S. Navy ship torpedoed by, 27
VIP prison, 154
Netherlands, 48–50, 52–56, 58, 75, 105–6, 232–33
New York City, 15, 24, 245 n15. See also Brooklyn, New York
New York Times, 21–22, 231
Niederkircher, Mama, 144–45, 169, 174, 176, 208, 224, 237
Niederwanger, Karl, 176, 204
nonaggression pact between Nazis and Russians, 25–26
Normandy invasion (D-day), 58–59, 67, 71
Nuremberg, Nazi rally in, 211–12
Nuremberg Laws, 13
Nuremberg Trials, 65
O
Oberperfuss, Austria. See also Tyrol, Austria
Alois and allies in, 130–36, 139, 144, 145–46, 153, 169, 176
Franz and Hans’s return to, 222
Franz’s home in, 63, 127–28, 260 n122
Franz spotted on train near, 122, 123–26
Freddy and Hans’s visit to, 236–37
Freddy’s team in, 126–27, 129–36, 169, 182, 193, 207, 215, 271 n206
Freddy taken to, by Gestapo, 205–8, 271 n205, 271 n206
Nazi presence in, 127–29
train ride to, 120–22
Office of Strategic Services (OSS). See OSS (Office of Strategic Services)
OG (operational group), 47
Olympic Games (1936), 13, 21
103rd Division, 222–23
“On the Sunny Side of the Street” (song), 155–56
operational group (OG), 47
Oran, Algeria, 66, 67
OSS (Office of Strategic Services). See also messages between Gulliver team and OSS
Alpine redoubt and, 65, 82, 214
Area F, 41–43, 46, 57, 58–59, 66, 70
Austrian mission (See Gulliver mission)
base in Bari, Italy (See Bari, Italy, OSS base at)
base in Caserta, Italy, 70–72, 136
death of, after war, 228–29
espionage missions planned by, 33
formation of, 39–41
Freddy and Hans in training for, 45–48, 56–59, 65–69, 175
Freddy posing as German POW for, 62–63, 78–79
Freddy’s joining of, 35–36, 41
Freddy’s wartime heroics and, 229–30, 231
Gestapo and, 129, 153
Jewish refugees at, 69, 78, 84, 254 n69
Nazi deserters and, 77–79, 263 n153
Nazi execution of agents, 81, 87
Nazi leniency toward Alois and, 130
Normandy invasion plans and, 58–59
official war report, 228
Overveen, Netherlands, 232
P
P-38 surveillance plane, 95
Palestine, 14–15
Patton, George S., 31, 174, 213
Pearl Harbor attack, 27, 39
People’s Army, 153
Philippines, 231
Pirker, Peter, 269 n195
Poland, 55, 62, 74, 79–80
POW Camp 209, 61–63, 78–79, 82
POWs, 61–63, 77–79, 81–82, 86–87, 164, 167, 225
Primbs, Max, 198, 209–11, 218, 219–20, 222, 236
Prominenten, 217–18
Purple code (Japanese), 39
R
Ranggen, Austria, 207
RCA electronics company, 56
Red Cross, 67–68, 232–33, 275 n232
Reese, Pee Wee, 44
Reichenau concentration camp, 217–18, 273 n218
Reichsbahn train system, 160
religion, Freddy’s distrust of, 55–56, 253 n56
resisters, anti-Nazi, 175–77, 181, 183, 203–4, 218, 220, 266 n175. See also Abenthung, Alois; cutouts; French resistance fighters/allies; Hortnagl, Maria; Niederkircher, Mama; Weber, Alouisa; Weber, Eva;; Weber, Gretl
Riefenstahl, Leni, 212
Rockefeller, Jay, 230
Roma gypsies, 128, 217
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
Donovan as confidant to, 36–39, 65
enemy aliens and, 28–29
Jewish immigration to US and, 15–16
meeting with Churchill and Stalin, 94
OSS creation by, 39–40, 229
War Refugee Board, 74
World War II avoidance by, 27
Rosenthal, Alfred, 254 n69, 263 n153
Rosignano, Italy, 92, 96–97, 107
Rotteck Gymnasium in Freiburg, 244 n5
Royal Air Force (British), 90
Russia, Franz fighting with Nazis in, 62
Russians
in Berlin, 213, 214
Bolsheviks, 214, 220
Cold War and, 233
military advances, 164, 165, 190–91, 213
nonaggression pact with Nazis, 25–26
running from Nazis, 208
S
Saint Margareta church, 125, 208
scare pistol, 94, 121
Schachno, Joseph, 268 n191
Schatz, Herr, 135
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 46
Schloss Itter (castle), 154, 263 n154
Schmid, Erna, 269 n194
Schwab, David, 11–12, 15
Schwab, Gerd, 11–12
Second German Empire, 7
Slovakia, 81, 87
Spanish Civil War, 50, 67, 94–95
“special reconnaissance” battalion, 71–72
Spielberg, Steven, 237
Spitzel, 181, 186–87
SSTR-1 (shortwave radio), 116, 135–36
Stalin, Joseph, 94
Stars and Stripes, 67, 74
Statue of Liberty, 19, 27
Steinitz, Bernie, 254 n69
Stimson, Henry, 36, 38, 39
Sultztaler Ferner (glacier), 109–14, 117, 237
Swift, Jonathan, 112
Switzerland, 4, 11, 15, 65, 181, 186, 216
T
“T4” euthanasia program, 129
Tavern on the Green restaurant, 45, 86
Taylor, Jack, 254 n70
Tennessee, military training in, 30, 31
ten-strike intelligence, 149, 228
Third Reich. See also Nazi Germany; Nazis/Nazi Party
collapse of, 64, 219, 220
deserters (See deserters/defectors, Nazi)
disillusionment with, 177
Freddy shadowed by, 24
Güttner and, 225
Heinrich Mayer and, 14
Hindenburg and, 11
information gleaned from, 151
insiders suspected of opposing, 181
loyalty to, 125
oppression of Jews, 20
public events extolling, 210
trust lacking in, 129
tobogganing, 119–20
torture, 191–92, 210, 268 n191, 269 n194, 270 n196, 271 n205
Treaty of Versailles, 10
Triumph of the Will (Nazi propaganda film), 212
Truman, Harry, 229
Tsjechowitz labor camp, 233
Tuscany, Italy, 92, 96–99
Tyrol, Austria. See also Innsbruck, Austria; Oberperfuss, Austria
anti-Nazi resisters in, 175–77, 181, 203–4, 220, 266 n175
British plane over, 183, 185, 267 n
185
Franz’s life after war in, 234–35
as Freddy’s target, 64, 116, 117
Gulliver mission planned for, 76, 81–82
intelligence gathering in, 76, 94, 149, 151–55, 158–63, 166–68, 180–81
Nazi last stand preparation in, 152, 153–54, 212, 214–15, 219–21
Nazi parades and events in, 125, 210
Nazi rebuilding of railway bridges in, 159
Nazi seal of, 145
Nazi surrender in, 65, 221–23
news of operative in, 149
pro-Nazi population in, 77, 127–28, 175, 212
Wehrmacht soldiers stationed in, 145
U
Ulmer, Alfred, Jr.
aerial photos of drop target and, 96
anti-Nazi resisters and, 176–77
appointed head of commando operations, 80–81
concern about Freddy’s team, 136–37
confidence in Freddy, Franz, and Hans, 81–82
Freddy’s negotiation with Hofer and, 235
Freddy’s plan to take Innsbruck and, 178–80, 181, 266 n179
Freddy’s promotion by, 171
Gestapo on high alert and, 185
Gulliver mission planning and, 82–87, 127
Gulliver mission success and, 182
intelligence from Freddy and, 149, 159, 163, 180
Matull and, 199
on secrecy requirement for spies, 199
undesirables, 13, 62, 128–29
United States
bomber planes, 163
enemy aliens feared in, 28–29
Freddy’s return to, 231
Hans and Luke sent to, 49–51
Hans’s return to, 233
intelligence needed by, in Austria, 76
intelligence service created in, 38–39
intelligence void in, 36–39
isolationism in, 26, 36
Jewish immigration to, 15–16, 17–18, 24, 246 n16
Mayers’ arrival in, 19–22
World War II entered by, 27, 39
US Navy, destroyer ship torpedoed, 27
V
Verdun, Battle of, 10
Virginia, 56
Voice of America, 231–32, 236
Volkssturm, 153
W
Wagner, Herr (Mayers’ neighbor), 7–8, 14
Waldheim, Kurt, 235
war games, 56–57
War Refugee Board, 74
Warsaw, Poland, 80
Warsaw Ghetto, 80
Washington Star, 28
water treatment, 197
Weber, Alouisa, 145, 207, 235, 262 n145
Weber, Annie. See Annie (Franz’s fiancée)
Weber, Elsa, 124–25, 126
Weber, Eva
apartment of, 169, 185–87, 190, 193, 195, 206
death of, 235
introductions by, 145, 158, 166, 176
Weber, Franz
after the war, 234–35
escape from Oberperfuss, 207–8
Freddy and Hans reunited with (1993), 236–37
Freddy’s plan to take Innsbruck and, 182
hiding in Oberperfuss, 144–45, 169, 182, 193
home in Oberperfuss, 63, 127–28, 206, 260 n122
nervousness about Freddy, 174–75
as POW, 62–63
return to Oberperfuss, 222, 224
sighted on train, 122, 124–26
sisters of (See Weber, Alouisa; Weber, Eva; Weber, Gretl)
as third man for Gulliver mission, 64, 79–84, 86 (See also Gulliver mission)
Weber, Gretl, 145, 158, 169, 185–86, 207, 235
Weber, Josef, 259–60 n122
West, Bland, 222–23
Wijnberg, Henrietta, 49, 50, 75–76, 106, 232–33
Wijnberg, Leo, 49–55, 75–76, 106, 232–33
Wijnberg, Luke
after war, 275 n232
family’s fate, 75–76, 232–33, 275 n232
Leo’s correspondence with Hans and, 51–52, 53–54, 55
in Normandy, 67, 75–76, 156, 263 n156
sent to America, 49–51
Wijnberg, Robbie, 49, 51, 54, 75–76, 106, 232–33
“Wildcat” Rangers, 32–33
wireless radio-transmission, 56
Wolff, Karl, 65, 219, 228
World War I, 4, 8, 9–10, 11, 13–14
World War II. See also Allies of World War II
American entry into, 27, 39
beginning of, 26
end of, 221, 228
Freddy as unsung hero of, 230
Jews serving in, 47, 87
movies, 68
Wynberg, Hans
after war, 275 n232
in Bari with Freddy, 72–73, 75
boredom of, 146–47, 155–56, 169, 263 n156
“desertion” from Naples with Freddy, 70–72
desire to fight Nazis, 48–49, 57–58, 59, 106
escape from Oberperfuss, 207–8, 215–16
family’s fate, 75–76, 232–33, 275 n232
Freddy’s friendship with, 44–46, 169, 208
as Freddy’s partner for Gulliver mission, 76–77, 81–87 (See also Gulliver mission)
Freddy’s plan to take Innsbruck and, 182
in Kirchebner’s attic, 146–47, 155, 157, 193, 206–7, 271 n206, 271–72 n207
Leo’s correspondence with Luke and, 51–52, 53–54, 55
mail from home, 181–82, 184
name spelling changed by, 252 n50
nervousness about Freddy, 173–75
newspaper project, 156–57, 174
OSS training with Freddy, 45–48, 56–59, 65–66
passion for science, 43–44, 233
promotion of, 171
as radio operator, 56, 76–77, 81, 85, 135, 157 (See also messages between Gulliver team and OSS)
returns to Oberperfuss, 222, 224
sent to America, 49–51
trip to Austria (1993), 236–37
Y
Yugoslavia, 62, 81, 254 n69
Z
Zirl, Austria, 222
Zossen Lager rail station, 143, 148
About the Author
© Daniel Jarosch
Eric Lichtblau, a two-time Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist, is the best-selling author of The Nazis Next Door and Bush’s Law: The Remaking of American Justice. He was a Washington reporter for the New York Times for fifteen years, while also writing for the Los Angeles Times, The New Yorker, Time, and other publications. He has been a frequent guest on NPR, MSNBC, C-SPAN, and other networks, as well as a speaker at many universities and institutions. He lives outside Washington, DC.
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