On May 14, 1945, regarding the Soviet Army, Patton wrote in his diary, “I have never seen in any army at any time, including the German Imperial Army of 1912, as severe discipline as exists in the Russian army. The officers, with few exceptions, give the appearance of recently civilized Mongolian bandits.” Patton’s longtime aide, General Hobart “Hap” Gay, expressed similar sentiments about the Soviets, as noted in his diary on the same day, “Everything they did impressed one with the idea of virility and cruelty.” 1772 On May 18, he wrote, “In my opinion, the American Army as it now exists could beat the Russians with the greatest of ease, because, while the Russians have good infantry, they are lacking in artillery, air, tanks, and in the knowledge of the use of the combined arms, whereas we excel in all three of these. If it should be necessary to fight the Russians, the sooner we do it the better.” 1773
In June 1945, because his superiors sent him home, Patton returned to the United States for a brief visit, the first in three years. They wanted him out of the way when FDR, Truman and Marshall were deciding to abandon 15,000 American and 8,500 British soldiers who the Soviets had captured, allegedly in order to avoid a confrontation with Stalin. If they pressured Stalin over the POWs laboring in the gulags then perhaps he would not join the United Nations or engage in the war against the Japanese. At least that was the rationalization they used. 1774 Or else, perhaps, Stalin might divulge the incriminating information in the documents that the German Army seized from the Grand Orient in Paris, the headquarters of French Freemasonry in 1940. The Red Army later appropriated those records, in twenty-five railcars in Prussia, and took them back to Moscow. They contained evidence of the widespread power of international Freemasonry. Stalin intended to use these records to manipulate freemason politicians in the west. 1775
While at home, officials at the War Department accused Patton of being a warmonger and told him to stop talking about the Soviets and suggesting that the United States should ally with the Germans to fight them. After George C. Marshall, head of the Joint Chiefs, discovered that Patton scheduled a press conference for June 14, he wanted to send Patton to a psychiatrist, one who had “treated several high-ranking officers,” for evaluation as he feared that he would “go off the rocker.” What he really feared was that Patton would divulge what was really going on in Europe. Stimson intervened, told Marshall not to worry, and the press conference was uneventful. While he was home, he told his two daughters that they would never see him again, that he would die on foreign soil. 1776
Apparently, top Washington officials asked Eisenhower to remove German citizens from their homes and relinquish them to Jewish families who were currently in Displaced Persons (DP) camps, as part of the Morgenthau Plan. On September 15, 1945, Patton wrote, “Evidently the virus started by Morgenthau and Baruch of a Semitic revenge against all Germans is still working. Harrison and his associates indicate that they feel German civilians should be removed from their houses in order to provide housing for Displaced Persons. Eisenhower directed some of these evictions.” 1777 Patton said, “First, when we remove an individual German we punish an individual German, while the Allies fully intended to punish the entire German race. Furthermore, it is against my Anglo-Saxon conscience to remove a person from a house, which is a punishment, without due process of law.” 1778 Harrison refers to George L. Harrison, a former law clerk to Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes. He was also a former attorney for the Federal Reserve Board and a special advisor to Stimson, especially in issues relating to the Manhattan Project and the development of the atomic bomb.
Henry Morgenthau and some Jewish newspaper reporters began accusing Patton of being anti-Semitic because he thought it wrong to evict Germans from their homes and replace them with Jews from the camps. He asked, why not Catholics, or Mormons then? He had numerous associates who were Jewish, including his official biographer, Martin Blumenson and an intelligence officer, Colonel Oscar Koch. He was not a racist as people were reporting. No matter, certain officials at SHAEF determined that he was an enemy, a traitor, another reason for him to see the Navy psychiatrist. Both the Americans and the Russians were monitoring his conversations and activities. 1779
The Security Division of the OSS monitored acknowledged Soviet agents and their interactions, specifically the documents and messages that they conveyed to the People’s Commissariat for State Security (NKGB). One such person, Donald Wheeler, continued to pass information even after the war ended. In his November-October 1945 collection, he included the following—“the monthly confidential report of the military governor in the U.S. occupation zone of Germany.” 1780 The Soviets were carefully observing Patton who was the military governor through October in the U.S. occupation zone of Germany. Although Truman disbanded the OSS on October 1, 1945, operations continued for several months, until the transition of officers and staff to the new agency, the CIA. The Americans were also bugging his phone through December 5, 1945. 1781
On November 13, at a staff meeting, someone presented a report about the large number of Jewish refugees coming from Poland to Bavaria, aided by the Soviets. On November 16, as noted in his diary, Patton visited the United States Forces European Theater (USFET) Headquarters at Frankfurt and during the Staff Conference, he broached the subject of the housing shortage. The war was over, yet the Allies were still blowing up factories that they could have easily used to house DPs rather than confiscate German homes. 1782
On December 9, 1945, the day before he was supposed to permanently return to America, General Gay invited Patton go hunting with him for pheasants in the woods beyond Mannheim, about 100 miles south. Patton was an enthusiastic hunter and this would be his last opportunity to hunt with his friend. Patton, accompanied by Gay, and a comparatively new driver, Private First Class Horace “Woody” Woodring, left Bad Nauheim in a Cadillac limousine. Sergeant Joe Scruce followed the Cadillac in a half-ton jeep with the rifles and a bird dog. 1783
A 2½-ton GMC U.S. Government military truck driven by Robert L. Thompson made a left turn in front of his Cadillac injuring the driver and another person. There was minimal damage to the vehicles and no one else suffered injuries. Yet, Patton would die a few weeks later, on December 21. Patton was aware of the precariousness of his condition immediately after the truck/car collision. He cautioned Captain Ned Snyder, the first doctor at the scene, to be careful, as any sudden move would kill him. 1784 He knew that his injury was more than just the result of a minor accident. The accident was doubtless a diversion.
On December 25, 1979, Douglas Bazata, a Lebanese Jew and former agent with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) admitted that Director William J. Donovan directed him to murder Patton as early as 1944. He claimed that he could not do it although Donovan offered him $10,000. He claimed that Patton died of a heart attack because of an injection. 1785 According to military historian Robert K. Wilcox, Bazata, a sharpshooter who worked with both the OSS and the Soviet NKVD, precursor to the KGB assassinated Patton. The general was absolutely determined to expose the collaboration between the United States and the Soviets. Bazata staged the traffic accident and then shot the general in the neck with a low-velocity bullet, which fractured a small piece of vertebrae, partially severing his spinal cord. Bazata seriously wounded Patton but he was improving in the newly built Heidelberg hospital when they poisoned him. All official records of his accident have mysteriously disappeared. The only extant records are those of the hospital. 1786
On September 14, 1945, Patton wrote, “I am frankly opposed to this war criminal stuff… I am also opposed to sending POWs to work as slaves in foreign lands (in particular in France) where many will be starved to death… Sometimes I think I will simply resign and not be a further party to the degradation of my country.” 1787 Like General Smedley D. Butler, General Patton was popular and credible with the masses. Consequently, they had to silence him if the elite were to continue their economic and military onslaught against the world’s population.
During World War II, Stephen J. Skubik was an agent for Army Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC). He obtained intelligence that disclosed that the Soviet military plotted to murder General Patton, and that Soviet intelligence had infiltrated the OSS. Donovan, the OSS head, consciously ignored reliable information about death threats against Patton, thus allowing it to occur. 1788 In the foreword of his self-published book, Skubik said that the Soviet NKVD, in conjunction with the OSS, coordinated the “accident” that severely injured Patton who, as he was beginning to recover, was then murdered by a NKVD assassin dressed as a hospital employee. Skubik spoke to Bert Goldstein, a former Patton bodyguard, who told Skubik that if the military had not withdrawn the bodyguards, they would have been unable to murder Patton. 1789
Raphael Lemkin and the Etymology of “Genocide”
Dr. Raphael Lemkin, a Polish-born Jewish lawyer, coined the word ‘genocide’ to characterize the methodical acts that a group commits with the objective of destroying national, ethnic, racial or religious groups. On December 11, 1946, his work would bring about the UN’s adoption of a resolution condemning genocide as a crime under international law. On December 9, 1948, the UN General Assembly passed a resolution that urged countries to ratify a Genocide Treaty allowing each country to prosecute any perpetrator of the crime of genocide.
Waclaw Makowski, editor of the 27-volume Encyclopedia of Criminal Law (1931-1939) 1790 and Emil S. Rappaport, a Polish Jewish lawyer, a specialist in criminal law, helped found the doctrine of international criminal law to cope with such issues as genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and any war of aggression. As a member of the Codification Committee, Rappaport helped found the International Association of Penal Law in Paris on March 14, 1924 and was the organization’s vice-chairman (1924-1939). He also advocated that one should consider any propaganda promoting aggression as an international crime.
Lemkin endorsed the work of Vespasian V. Pella, a delegate to the League of Nations (1925-1938). In 1925, as the vice-president of the International Association of Penal Law, Pella began publishing “groundbreaking work” on international criminal law. In 1928, he introduced a draft for the creation of an international criminal court. In 1937, he would suggest the creation of such a court. He also persuaded his colleagues to draft a convention on “terrorism,” possibly motivated by the murder of King Alexander of Yugoslavia, a document that they signed on November 16, 1937. In 1947, he would be one of the chief architects of the Convention on the Prevention of Genocide and would function as an “expert adviser” on international criminal law for the United Nations. 1791
Lemkin met Rappaport at the Free University of Warsaw. Rappaport and Makowski would help draft the 1932 criminal code and the Polish constitution of 1935, the one imposed after Jozef Pilsudski’s death. Rappaport was the president of the Polish Commission for International Juridical Cooperation PCIJC. Lemkin soon joined PCIJC. 1792 He later collaborated with Duke University law professor Malcolm McDermott, in the English translation of the Polish Penal Code of 1932.
Lemkin also agreed with Rappaport on the punishment of international crimes, especially aggressive war, through the formation of an international criminal law and criminal court. In 1927, Pella had suggested that the PCIJC convene its first conference in order to unify the criminal law in Warsaw. Rappaport presided over the conference, held in Warsaw, while Pella was the secretary-general. Lemkin did not function in any official capacity at the conference but probably appeared at a few of the meetings. He was the Deputy Prosecutor for the district court of Warsaw (1929-1934) and the secretary of the Committee on Codification of the Laws of the Polish Republic. He and Rappaport worked on the new Polish Criminal Code of 1932. 1793 In late 1933, Lemkin presented his essay on the Crime of Barbarity as a crime against international law to the Legal Council of the League of Nations in Madrid, basing his concept of genocide on the Armenian Genocide. 1794
Lemkin proposed, at the Fifth International Conference for the Unification of Penal Law, the criminalization of any actions that targeted the destruction of a “racial, religious or social group.” He sought for the creation of international prerequisites that would safeguard minority groups against persecution due to their nationhood, religion, or race. He selectively applied this to what people then referred to as “national minorities.” 1795 He argued the officials should modify the Hague Regulations “to include an international controlling agency vested with specific powers, such as visiting the occupied countries and making inquiries as to the manner in which the occupant treats natives in prison.” 1796 He probably did not want to impose a prohibition of genocide over every minority but only those who officials defined as such in the treaties regarding minorities during the interval between the wars. They used the term ‘national’ to describe minorities residing in newly-established states following World War I. William Schabas asserts that for Lemkin, genocide was ethnic-specific and he applied it only to the destruction of the Jews, who are not really a national group but rather an international entity. 1797
In 1935, Lemkin and Rappaport attended the sixth international conference for the unification of criminal law in Copenhagen where officials discussed the topics of terrorism and its repression and the creation of an international criminal court. Following World War I, the officials of the Preliminary Peace Conference established the Responsibilities Commission which defined a list of “criminal breaches of the laws and customs of war,” including those that were part of the Hague Conventions. They also incorporated other crimes, now called war crimes or crimes against humanity. These include massacres, organized terrorism, the calculated starvation of civilians, compulsory prostitution, forced labor of civilians and the incarceration of civilians under inhumane conditions. 1798
In 1937, officials appointed multi-lingual Lemkin as a member of the Polish mission to the 4th Congress on Criminal Law in Paris, where he introduced the possibility of defending peace through criminal law. He created a compendium of Polish criminal fiscal law, Prawo karne skarbowe (1938) and La réglementation des paiements internationaux (French 1939), about international law. In 1939, he joined the Polish Army, and was wounded, when Germany invaded Warsaw.
Lemkin left Poland in 1940, ultimately relocated to Sweden, and as a lecturer at the University of Stockholm, formulated a “fully documented” report on Nazi policies. He alleged that he found hundreds of orders signed by Wehrmacht commanders, like Himmler and Göring, regarding their supposed Final Solution. He claimed that he witnessed Germany bombing hundreds of refugee children. Determining that he could be more effective in America, and with McDermott’s help, he immigrated. Duke University appointed Lemkin as a special lecturer in April 1941. He sent duplicate sets of his extensive report on Nazi crimes to the State Department. He contacted the Judge Advocate General’s office as well and provided a report, along with a letter to President Roosevelt requesting immediate action.
During the summer of 1942, Lemkin moved to Washington where he lectured at the School of Military Government at the University of Virginia. In 1943, he became a consultant to the Board of Economic Warfare and Foreign Economic Administration and soon an adviser and analyst on foreign affairs in the War Department, due to his expertise in international law. He wrote Military Government in Europe, a preliminary version of his Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress, to “document” and expose German atrocities and crimes, published by the Carnegie Endowment for World Peace.
There are various forms of genocide, political genocide entails the abolition of a group’s political bodies and may include compulsory name changes. Economic genocide entails the destruction or boycotting of a group’s economic capacity or livelihood. Lemkin maintained that racial discrimination is the motive behind physical genocide which involves food scarcity, jeopardizing of health, and mass killings. Lemkin accused Germany of engaging in all of these genocidal practices. 1799
In
February 1943, the Germans found mass graves in the forest of Kozy Gory near Katyn. In addition to the 14,700 Polish officers, there were 50,000 other victims of NKVD brutality. Then in May 1943, at the mass graves at Vinica, they uncovered more NKVD victims. Joseph Stalin, Vyacheslav Molotov, Mikhail Kalinin, Kliment Voroshilov, Anastas Mikoyan and Lazar Kaganovich authorized these killings (Report No. 13). On August 19, 1943, the Soviet propaganda apparatus, in another report, Katyn No. 2, referred to the “gangs of Gestapo agents,” the “paid provocateurs,” the “German butchers,” the “blood-thirsty beasts,” the Hitlerite villains, the “murderers,” and the “Hitlerite cannibals.” On April 29, 1943, Molotov blamed the German “fascists” for the murders of the Polish officers. On January 24, 1944, the Soviets issued a comprehensive report, The Truth about Katyn: Report of the Extraordinary Commission for the Investigation and Examination of the Circumstances of the Shooting of the POW Polish Officers by the German-Fascist Invaders in the Katyn Forest. 1800
In November 1944, the Washington Post had printed an editorial about the War Refugee Board (WRB) which had reported the liberation of the Auschwitz and Birkenau camps where the Germans allegedly gassed about 1.7 million Jews. The editorial described how Lemkin had just coined the word ‘genocide’ to designate such conduct. The Washington Post, published by Eugene Meyer, endorsed Lemkin and stated that “the Germans have committed genocide in virtually all of the countries of Europe which they occupied.” 1801
The Ruling Elite Page 64
