by Yael Tamir
The breakup of Yugoslavia also created four small states: Macedonia, Bosnia, Serbia, and Montenegro.
3. Friedrich List as cited in Eric Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 30– 31.
4. Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism, 30.
5. Gellner, Nations and Nationalism, 48.
6. John Stuart Mil , Utilitarianism, Liberty, and Representative Government (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), 363– 64.
7. The Spanish Constitution, Section II.
8. Stephan Burgen, “Fictional Catalan Region of Tabarnia Appoints First Presi-
dent,” The Guardian, January 16, 2018.
9. Steven Erlanger, “For E.U., Catalonian Pits Democratic Rights against Sovereignty,” New York Times, October 2, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/02/
world /europe/catalonia- independence- referendum- eu.html.
Chapter 19: Liberal Nationalism
1. Dani Rodrik, “Who Needs the Nation State,” Economic Geometry, 89, no. 1
(2012): 3.
2. Salvatore Settis, If Venice Dies (New York: New Vessel Press, 2017).
3. Ivan Krastev, After Europe (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017), 25.
4. Emmanuel Macron, public speech, 2017, https://books.google.co.il/books
?id=6qdFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA209&lpg=PA209&dq=When+I+look+at+Marsei
lle,+I+see+a+French+city,+shaped+by+two+thousand+years+of+history,+or
+immigration,+of+Europe&source=bl&ots=L9xu-fvpD5&sig=I8YDwdGb3_Pz-
RqY94O-FAi7L04c&hl=en&sa =X&ved=0ahUKEwjvgqj36sjbAhVpCsAKHToH
Cd8Q6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=When%20I%20look%20at %20Marseille %2C%20
I%20see%20a%20French%20city%2C%20shaped%20by%20two%20thousand
%20years%20of%20history%2C%20or%20immigration%2C %20of%20Europe
&f=false..
5. Phil Hoad, “Corrupt, Dangerous, and Brutal to Its Poor— Is Marseille the
Future of France? The Guardian, June 8, 2017.
6. Rory Smith and Elian Peltier, “Kylian Mbappé and the Boys from the Banli-
eues,” New York Times, July 6, 2018.
7. Jacques Barou, Integration of Immigrants in France: A Historical Perspective, Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power (Routledge), vol. 6, December 2014, 647.
196 • Notes to Chapter 19
8. Barou, Integration of Immigrants.
9. Matthias Bartsch, Andrea Brandt, and Daniel Steinvorth, “Turkish Immigration to Germany: A Sorry History of Self- Deception and Wasted Opportunities,” Spiegel, September 7, 2010.
10. Joachim Bottner, “How the Far Right Conquered Sweden,” New York Times, September, 6, 2018.
11. Yascha Mounk, The People vs. Democracy: Why Our Freedom Is in Danger and How to Save It (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018), 208.
12. Mounk People vs. Democracy, 167.
13. Carol A. Larsen, “Revitalizing the ‘Civic’ and ‘Ethnic’ Distinction: Perceptions of Nationhood across Two Dimensions, 44 Countries, and Two Decades,” Nations and Nationalism 23, no. 4 (2017).
14. Larsen, “Revitalizing the ‘Civic’ and ‘Ethnic’ Distinction,” 989.
15. Krastev, After Europe 40.
Chapter 20: This Is the Time
1. Credit Suisse Research Institute, “Global Wealth Report” (Zurich: Credit Suisse, 2017), 27, https://www.poder360.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/global
-wealth-report-2017-en.pdf.
2. Arlie Russell Hochschild, Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right (New York: New Press, 2016), 150.
Chapter 21: A Race to the Bottom
1. “A Conversation with Mark Lilla on His Critique of Identity Politics,” New Yorker, August 25, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/a -conver
sation -with-mark-lil a-on-his-critique-of-identity-politics.
2. Martha Nussbaum, Political Emotions: Why Love Matters for Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013), 346.
3. Nussbaum, Political Emotions, 351.
4. Andrew Wroe, “Economic Insecurity and Political Trust in the United States,”
America Politics Research 44, no. 1 (2016): 131– 63.
5. Tom W. G. Van der Meer, “Political Trust and the Crisis of Democracy,” in
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics, ed. Wil iam R. Thompson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).
6. Bernie Sanders, “Bernie’s Announcement,” May 26, 2015, https://bernie sanders
.com/bernies-announcement/.
7. Theresa May, speech to Conservative Party Conference, October 2016, http://
www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/theresa-mays-speech-conservative-party -8983265.
Notes to Chapter 21 • 197
8. May, speech.
9. Alexandria Ocasio- Cortez: https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/world/america/.
premium-1.6218281?utm_source=App_Share&utm_medium=iOS_Native.
10. Christine Emba, “Elizabeth Warren Is Giving Capitalism the Moral Rub It
Needs,” Washington Post, August 30, 2018.
11. The Economist, “Britain’s Political Centre of Gravity Is Moving Left,” Economist Staff, August 25, 2018.
12. The Economist, “Britain’s Political Centre.”
13. For an elaborate analysis of this kind of nationalism, see Yael (Yuli) Tamir, Liberal Nationalism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003).
14. Isaiah Berlin, Four Essays on Liberty (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969), 172.
Index
Abrams, Dominic, 47
Buffett, Warren, 136, 170
accountable capitalism act, 175–76
Buruma, Ian, 15
Addresses to the German Nation
(Fichte), 82
Cambridge Dictionary, 29
All Quiet on the Western Front
Canada, 37, 129, 163
(Remarque), 13
Catalonia, 38–39, 129, 143, 147–51
“Amer ica the Beautiful, ” 69
Chamberlain, Neville, 13
Anderson, Benedict, 58–59, 65, 71
China, People’s Republic of, 19–20
Anschluss, the, 13
Christian IX (king of Denmark), 83
Arcadia (Stoppard), 72–73
Churchil , Winston, 12, 63–64
architecture, the nation and, 74
citizenship: education as the
Auster, Paul, 80
foundation of demo cratic, 77–80;
Azerbaijan, 18
erosion of by globalism, 94–95;
global, 119–20 ( see also global-
Beer, Isaac, 81–82
national (G- N) continuum)
Belgium, 151
class: cross- class co ali tion, globalism
Berger, Peter, 110
and, 98–101; cross- class co ali tion,
Berlin, Isaiah, 23, 44–46, 181
rebuilding, 166–68, 176; cross- class
Bil ig, Michael, 188n1
co ali tion, the nation- state and,
Blair, Tony, 119, 136
86–90; the educated poor, 112;
Blake, Wil iam, 73
elimination from po liti cal
Bloom, Alan, 96–97
discourse, results of, xv– xvi, 135–38;
borders: democracies and, 34, 35–36;
elite/middle class division as legacy
liberal- democratic and national
of globalism, 113–17; globalism and
conceptions of, difference between,
the haves vs . have nots as two
36–37; movement across, limits to,
nations, 104–7; language, occupa-
37–38; the national ele ment in
tion, and, 85–86; the middle class
drawing, 38–40; world without,
in the West and East, differing
utopian fantasy of, 33–35, 43
experiences of, 111–12; shortsighted-
Brexit, 20, 139, 176
ness of the elites regarding, 118;
Britain, 139–40, 176–77
skil s and mobility as new basis of,
Brown, Roger, 50–51
94–95, 98–101; working class
200 • Index
class ( continued)
educated poor, the new class of, 112;
embrace of nationalism, 90; working
French, 81–82; German, 82; higher,
class to poor, devastation of the
crisis and disappointments of, 97;
move from, 134–35
insufficiency of, 167; as a melting
“Class and Nation” (Tamir), xiv–xv
pot, 78; national, 80–83; national
Closing of the American Mind (Bloom),
as victim of globalization, 95–97;
96–97
po liti cal communication and
Cold War, the, 15–17
legitimacy shaped by, 83; socioeco-
collective memory, 64–65
nomic background and achieve-
Condorcet, Marquis de (Marie Jean
ment in, high correlation of, 117;
Antoine Nicolas de Caritat), 81
socioeconomic mobility and, 84,
Corbin, Jeremy, 175
86, 138; state building, as a tool
cosmopolitanism, 47–48, 100
of modern, 77
Costello, Elvis, 35
Einstein, Albert, 47
Croatia, 18
election results, divided nations and,
cuisine, national, 74–75
105–6
cultural community, need for, 45–47.
Elizabeth II (queen of England), 84
See also identity
Enron, 19
Czecho slo va kia, 17
Estonia, 18
ethnocentric, 188n6
d’Azeglio, Massimo, 56
Eu ro pean Union, 18, 143, 146, 148
de Maistre, Joseph, 43
Euro- skepticism, 20
democracy/democracies: borders and
a citizenry, necessity of, 34, 35–36;
felt injustice, 49–51, 169–70, 172–73,
hyperglobalization and, 141;
180
nationalism, liberalism, and, xvi;
Fichte, Johann, 82
the nation- state and, 36 ( see also
Fortuyn, Pim, xiv
nation- state, the). See also liberal
Foster, Margaret, 134
democracy
France, 81–82, 159–60, 177
Deneen, Patrick, 53–54
Freeden, Michael, 22
Deresiewicz, Wil iam, 115
freedom: determinism and, 45;
Dickens, Charles, 91
grounding of liberals’ mistakes in,
Donetsk People’s Republic, 146
xv– xvi; individualism, context of, 44
Dubček, Alexander, 17
free trade: Chinese support for, 19–20;
economic status and positions on,
education: class differences and, 86;
99–100
democracy and citizenship, as
Freud, Sigmund, 47–48
a necessity of, 77–80; East Asian
Friedman, Thomas, 102–3
educational empires, 111, 192n6; the
Fukuyama, Francis, 17
Index • 201
gardening, national culture and, 72–73
Hobsbawm, Eric, 27, 69
Gates, Bil , 170
Hochschild, Arlie Russel , 97, 131, 133
Gellner, Ernest, 27–28
Hogg, Michael, 47
German Jews under the Nazi
regime, 122
identity: collective consciousness
Germany, 14–15, 82, 161
and, 58–60; defining, cultural and
globalism, 19; breakdown of social
normative context for, 44–47; felt
cohesion from, 108–9, 113–18; China
injustice and group membership,
and, 19–20; class divisions and,
49–51; group membership and,
104–7; depreciation of benefits
47–49; national, po liti cal status
of the nation- state by, 94–99;
and, 88; politics of, 158–59; thick,
distribution of global income
need for, 43
growth, 113–14; failure to replace
ideologies/ideology: embraced to
nationalism, 155; individualism and,
make life bearable, 48; fluctuations
102–4; inferiority of compared to
in, 20, 22; history of from the early
the nation- state, 31–32; lessons
twentieth to the early twenty- first
of hyperglobalism, 156; national
century, 13–20; interdependencies
public education and, 95–96; open
of, 6; nationalism ( see nationalism);
borders and, 35; spread of, 93–94;
natu ral se lection among, 51
unexpected consequences: West vs .
If Venice Dies? (Settis), 156
East, developed vs . developing
“Imagine” (Lennon), 33–35
world, 109–12; world oligarchy as
immigration: to Canada, 37; the
replacement term for, 178
distribution of income and, 190n15;
global- national (G- N) continuum:
guest workers, 161; limits to, class
moral luck and choices regarding,
and, 36–37; open movement, limits
122–23; proposed model of, 125–26;
to, 37–38
rational calculations of self- interest
international organ izations, 31–32
and positioning on, 119–21,
Italy, 56, 146
123–26, 148
global skepticism, 20
Jencks, Christopher, 190n15
Goebbels, Joseph, 14
“Jerusalem” (Blake), 73
Greenfeld, Liah, 28, 84
justice: felt injustice, 49–51, 169–70,
172–73, 180
Havel, Vaclav, 1
Henry V (king of England), 63
Kaltwasser, Cristóbal Rovira, 30
Henry V (Shakespeare) , 64
Kant, Immanuel, 47
Hider, Jorg, xiv
Kazakhstan, 18
Hillbilly Elegy (Vance), 116–17, 130,
Kennedy, John F., 140
133–34
King, Martin Luther, 16
202 • Index
Koestler, Arthur, 41
Lil a, Mark, 26, 128, 172
Krastev, Ivan, 157, 164
List, Friedrich, 144–45
Kundera, Milan, 61–62, 66–67
Living in Denial (Norgaard), 108
Locke, John, 98
Larsen, Carol, 163
Lockean proviso, 124
Lasch, Christopher, 98–99
Lehman Brothers Holdings, 19
Macedonia, 18
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 13
Macron, Emmanuel, 141, 159, 162, 177
Lennon, John, 33–34
Madison, James, 48
Le Pen, Marine, xiv, 141
Major, John, 136
liberal democracy: immigration policy
Marx, Karl, xiv, 90
in, real ity of, 38; neoliberalism as
May, Theresa, 140–41, 174–75
most extreme expression of, 22;
Mbappé, Kylian, 160
voluntarism and conceptions of
McCarthy, Joseph, 16
membership in a community,
McCartney, Paul, 84
36–37. See also democracy/
Merkel, Angela, 162
democracies
Michéa, Jean- Claude, 93
liberalism: contract and consent, the
Milanović, Branko, 113–14
price of reliance on, 39; economic
Mil , John Stuart, 78–79, 145
approach to freedom by, conse-
millenials, the, 167–68
quences of, 109; the market and,
Miller, David, 185n1, 186n14
93–94; nationalism, democracy,
mil ionaire immigrants, 99
and, xvi, 6; universalism and the
Minogue, Kenneth, 48
failure of, 53–54
modernity/modernization, 27–29
liberal nationalism: civic nationalism
Moldova, 18
and inclusive public sphere, ideal
Moore, Michael, 4, 175
of, 158–60; disappointment of,
Mounk, Yascha, 153, 162
155–58; reaction to diversity and,
Mudde, Cas, 30
163–65; social diversity and
Mullainathan, Sendhil, 194n21
toleration, relationship of, 162–63
Müller, Jan- Werner, 30
liberals/liberal elites: elimination of
multiculturalism, 137
class from po liti cal discourse,
results of, 135–38; freedom,
Nagel, Thomas, 183n4, 193n3–4
grounding of mistakes in, xv– xvi;
Nairn, Tom, 87
globalism as a mistake for, 141;
nationalism: anti- elitist voice of, 31;
identity politics and diversity,
chain of being/immortality, as a
embrace of, 127–28; pop u lism and
place in, 63–64, 75 ( see also national
the masses, perception of, 30–31;
narrative); classical, 8–9; in the
vision and blindness of, 3–5
developing vs . developed worlds,
Index • 203
15; of everyday life, 72–75; as a
divisive effects of opportunities
fabrication that helps in coping
and risks, 168–69; electoral
with the world, 48; liberalism,
consequences of, 135, 138–39; poor
democracy, and, xvi, 6; making the
whites and, plight of, 131–35; in the
case for, 23–24; Marxist argument
reemergence of nationalism, 177;
regarding, 89–90; modernization
revival of nationalism, 140–41;
and, 27–29; as the moral option,
victory of the elites and, 135–38
170–71; the national narrative and
national liberation, second wave of, 18
( see national narrative); Nazism and
national narrative: creativity and the
fascism as most extreme expression
transgenerational context provided
of, 22; negative descriptions of,
by, 61–62; national sciences
26–27, 29–31; particularization,
recruited to support, 66; nation
fulfil ing the task of, 54; polycentric
