amphetamines, 208–13
anger and rivalry, harnessing, 173–97
angry pep talks, 101–3
Anspaugh, David, 89
Anthony, Carmelo, 180
anxiety/nervousness, 19, 25–30
Applied Sports Psychology (Williams), 150
Applying Music in Exercise and Sport (Karageorghis), 117
Arrington, Michael, 215
Asprey, Dave, 213–14, 216–18
association, and music, 118
attentional deployment, 27
Bargh, John, 160–62, 166
Battle Exhortation: The Rhetoric of Combat Leadership (Yellin), 93
Beilock, Sian, 157–59
Belichick, Bill, 97–98
Believing in Magic (Vyse), 52
beta-blockers, 201–5. See also propranolol
Bezos, Jeff, 195–96
Black, James, 204–5
Block, Lauren, 53–54, 55–56
Boggs, Wade, 51, 52, 53
Bollettieri, Nick, 148–50
Bordick, Andy, 174
Brantley, Ben, 71
Bronson, Po, 187–88
Bronstein, Phil, 96
Brooks, Alison Wood, 23–27, 28, 30, 35, 65
Brown, Daniel, 134
Bulletproof Diet (Asprey), 216
calming down. See relax/calming down
Campbell, Bill, 83–85, 89
Cannon, Walter, 20–21
centering, 18, 33–36
Cephalon, 213
Checklist Manifesto, The (Gawande), 49
Choke (Beilock), 158
cognitive change, 27–28
Colbert, Stephen, 45–46, 47–48
competition, 185–90
confidence and focus, building, 141–69
Conmy, Ben, 181–85
Connelly, TJ, 111–15, 132–37
contiguous events, 54–55
Cotterill, Stewart, 48, 49
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, 215
Cuddy, Amy, 9, 163–65
cultural impact, of music, 118
Currey, Mason, 51–52
Daily Rituals (Currey), 51–52
Davis, Paul A., 177
DeCelles, Katy, 101
defensive pessimism, 233–34
distraction, 27
Dodson, John, 30–31
Donnelly, Laura, 66–68
Dweck, Carol, 90
emotional pep talks, 79–108
emotion regulation, 27–30
excitement versus nervousness, in performance situations, 24–25, 28, 29–30
“Eye of the Tiger” (Survivor), 123–26
Fallon, Jimmy, 176
Faust, Drew, 63
fight-or-flight response, 15–41
Fight Your Fear and Win (Greene), 34
Flanigan, Jessica, 226–27
flow, 215
Foer, Joshua, 212–13
forced curve systems, 188
Galinsky, Adam, 165
gamification, 188
Garnett, Kevin, 180
Gawande, Atul, 49
Gewirtzman, Tomer, 39
Gladwell, Malcolm, 9, 73, 74, 75
Granito, Vincent, 184–85
Greene, Don, 33–36
Griffith, Coleman, 146–47
Gross, James, 27
group rituals, 61–71
Haake, Anneli, 127–29
Haber, Eric, 167–68
Halberstam, David, 97–98
Hanin, Yuri, 32–33
Hesse, David, 153
Hoffman, Brian B., 20
Hoffman, Heather, 119
Hoosiers (movie), 89–90
IMG Academy, 148–49, 152, 153
Individualized Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model, 32–33
intervention studies, of pre-performance rituals, 48
Jackson, Phil, 98
Jamieson, Jeremy, 28–29
Jannetta, Peter, 6
Jenkins, Jonathan, 153–56, 159
Jobs, Steve, 85
Johnson, Gayle L., 89
Jouvet, Michel, 214–15
Kageyama, Noa, 15–19, 21, 33, 36, 145–46
Kahneman, Daniel, 156
Kamienski, Lukasz, 207–8
Karageorghis, Costas, 116–22
Khazan, Olga, 216
Kilduff, Gavin, 189–90
Knaus, Chad, 57–61
Lamere, Paul, 130
Latham, Gary, 159–63, 166–69
Legere, John, 190–95, 196–97
Linkenauger, Sally, 71–73
Lipsyte, Robert, 181
Liquifusion, 228–29
Liston, Sonny, 181
McChrystal, Stanley, 94–95, 104
McLaughlin, Mark, 1–7, 11, 52, 206, 213
McRaven, William, 96–97
Mayfield, Jacqueline, 106
Mayfield, Milton, 106
mental imagery, 151–52
Merryman, Ashley, 187–88
methylphenidate (Ritalin), 209–11
military pep talks, 91–97
Miller, Andrew, 134
modafinil, 213–18, 220–23
Moore, Elaine, 209
Moses, Edwin, 152
Motivating Language Theory, 105–6
music, motivational, 10, 111–37
musicality, 118
My Age of Anxiety (Stossel), 202
NBA 2K16 (game), 51
nervousness. See anxiety/nervousness
Nideffer, Robert, 33
Norton, Michael, 62–66
object-oriented superstition, 55–56
Operation Neptune Seal, 95–97
Outliers (Gladwell), 9
overthinking, 157–59
Paharia, Neeru, 195
Passaro, Michael, 70
pep talks, 10. See emotional pep talks
performance-enhancing drugs, 201–31
Perlmutter, Amy, 132
Peterik, Jim, 123–26
Pizzo, Angelo, 86–87, 88–91
Playing Scared: A History and Memoir of Stage Fright (Solovitch), 21–22
Plotz, David, 45
positive contagion, 72–75
positive psychology, 152–53
power posing, 9, 163–65
precombat pep talks, 91–97
pre-performance routines, 45–75
Presence (Cuddy), 164
Priest, David-Lee, 120
priming, 160–69
productivity music, 127–32
propranolol, 201, 219, 220–21, 223–25
Psychology of Coaching (Griffith), 146
Quinn, John, 141–43
Rainey, David W., 184–85
reappraisal, 27–30
relax/calming down, 23, 25–26, 27, 35
rhythm, 118
Rickson, Ian, 68–69, 71
Ritalin (methylphenidate), 209–10
rituals, 50–52, 53
River, The (play), 67, 71
Robinson, Ray, 87, 88
Rockne, Knute, 86, 87–88
Rocky movies, 119, 122, 123–26
Rotella, Bob, 143–44
Ruccio, Sarah, 106
Seinfeld, Jerry, 46–48
self-priming, 166–67
self-talk, 151, 152
Seligman, Martin, 152–53
Shooting Up: A Short History of Drugs and War (Kamienski), 207–8
Simon, Carly, 22–23, 27
situation modification, 27
situation selection, 27
Skinner, B. F., 54–55
Smith, Caeli, 37, 39–41
Solovitch, Sara, 21–22
sports rituals, 48–51
stage fright, 21–23
Stallone, Sylvester, 123–24, 125
state anxiety, 25
Staw, Barry, 100–102
Stossel, Scott, 201–2
strategy-focused methodology, for military pep talks, 95–96
Successories, 167–68
Sullivan, Frankie, 123–25
superstition, 52–57
synchronization, 119
Talbot, Margaret, 211
Tannenbaum, Julie, 227–28
task-related routines, 49–51
tempo, 118
Thinking, Fast and Slow (Kahneman), 156
This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War (Faust), 63
T-Mobile, 190–97
Top Dog: The Science of Winning and Losing (Bronson & Merryman), 187
trait anxiety, 25
trash talk, 179–85, 190–95
Triplett, Norman, 185–87, 188–89
underdogs, 195
Vargas, Tiffanye, 98–99, 102–3
visualization, 151–52
Vyse, Stuart, 52, 55
worker productivity, and music, 127–32
Wrigley, Philip, 146
Xanax, 201, 202
Yellin, Keith, 91–94
Yelp, 79–82, 103–5, 106–7, 206
Yerkes, Robert, 30–31
Yerkes-Dodson Law, 31–32
Zinsser, Nate, 141–45
Zorn, Theodore, 106
DANIEL McGINN is a senior editor at Harvard Business Review. His writing has appeared in Wired, the Boston Globe Magazine, and Newsweek. He lives in suburban Boston with his family.
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