Facebook. (2010). Facebook Democracy UK Page. Facebook Website. Retrieved April 15, 2010, from http://www.facebook.com/democracyuk
Facebook. (2017). Unpublished Page Post. Facebook Business Website. Retrieved February 20, 2017, from https://www.facebook.com/business/help/835452799843730
facts44. (March 15, 2008). Jeremiah Wright. YouTube. Retrieved November 24, 2011, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36T1fnIafC0
Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge: Polity.
Farenthold, D. A. (October 8, 2016). Trump Recorded Having Extremely Lewd Conversation about Women in 2005. Washington Post. Retrieved January 27, 2017, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-recorded-having-extremely-lewd-conversation-about-women-in-2005/2016/10/07/3b9ce776-8cb4-11e6-bf8a-3d26847eeed4_story.html?utm_term=.a56defd30109
Farhi, P. (November 29, 2010). WikiLeaks Spurned New York Times, but Guardian Leaked State Department Cables. The Washington Post. Retrieved June 17, 2011, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/29/AR2010112905421.html
Farrell, H. (2003). Constructing the International Foundations of E-Commerce: The EU–U.S. Safe Harbor Arrangement. International Organization, 57 (2), 277–306.
Fawkes, G. (January 31, 2010). Labour Will Have a Khrushchev Moment of Truth in the End. Guido Fawkes’ Blog. Retrieved June 15, 2010, from http://order-order.com/2010/01/31/labour-will-have-a-khrushchev-moment-of-truth-in-the-end/
Fawkes, G. (April 16, 2010). Clegg: Winning Here! Guido Fawkes Website. Retrieved May 17, 2010, from http://order-order.com/2010/04/16/clegg-winning-here/
Fenn, P. (2009). Communication Wars: Television and New Media. In D. W. Johnson (Ed.), Campaigning for President 2008: Strategy and Tactics, New Voices and New Techniques (pp. 210–221). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Ferguson, T. (April 17, 2008). Financial Regulation? Don’t Get Your Hopes Up. Talking Points Memo Website. Retrieved December 23, 2011, from http://tpmcafe.talkingpointsmemo.com/2008/04/17/financial_regulation_dont_get/
Ferrara, E., Varol, O., Davis, C., Menczer, F., & Flammini, A. (2016). The Rise of Social Bots. Communications of the ACM, 59 (7), 96–104.
Fidler, R. F. (1997). Mediamorphosis: Understanding New Media. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
Fimreite, A. L., & Lægreid, P. (2009). Reorganizing the Welfare State Administration: Partnership, Networks and Accountability. Public Management Review, 11 (3), 281–297.
Financial Times. (April 13, 2012). About Us. Financial Times Website. Retrieved April 13, 2012, from http://aboutus.ft.com/corporate-information/ft-company/#axzz1rvwWuONs
Finney, K. (2009). Comments on Political Party Panel. In K. H. Jamieson (Ed.), Electing the President 2008: The Insiders’ View (pp. 151–167). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Foss, N. J. (2003). Selective Intervention and Internal Hybrids: Interpreting and Learning from the Rise and Decline of the Oticon Spaghetti Organization. Organization Science, 14 (3), 331–350.
Fowler, M. (2008). Obama: No Surprise That Hard-Pressed Pennsylvanians Turn Bitter. Huffington Post Website. Retrieved November 25, 2011, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mayhill-fowler/obama-no-surprise-that-ha_b_96188.html
Fox News. (January 22, 2007). Hillary Clinton Drops Madrassa Bomb on Barack Obama (Transcript of “The Big Story with John Gibson” January 19, 2007). Fox News Website. Retrieved November 30, 2011, from http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,245582,00.html
Franko, E. (2006). Democracy at Work? The Lessons of Donald Trump and The Apprentice. In D. S. Escoffery (Ed.), How Real Is Reality TV? Essays on Representation and Truth (pp. 247–258). Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
Fraser, E. (February 20, 2010a). Exclusive: Gordon Brown refutes allegations he hit an adviser—says he’s never hit anyone in his life. … http://bit.ly/byZ7Dl.Twitter.com/frasereC4. Retrieved February 20, 2010, from http://twitter.com/frasereC4/status/9399836988
Fraser, E. (February 20, 2010b). Observer Rawnsley alleges Brown received an unprecedented reprimand from the head of the Civil Service for abusive behaviour to staff. Twitter.com/frasereC4. Retrieved February 20, 2010, from http://twitter.com/frasereC4/status/9399836988
Fraser, E. (February 20, 2010c). Observer story on Brown sensational—just read pre release. Twitter.com/frasereC4. Retrieved February 20, 2010, from http://twitter.com/frasereC4/status/9399177332
Freedland, J. (February 22, 2010). Revelations about Brown are Damaging, but They Hold No Surprises for Voters. Guardian Website. Retrieved February 22, 2010, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/feb/22/revelations-brown-damaging-voters
Freelon, D. G., & Karpf, D. (2014). Of Big Birds and Bayonets: Hybrid Twitter Interactivity in the 2012 Presidential Debates. Information, Communication and Society, 18 (4), 390–406.
Funny or Die. (2008). Paris Hilton Responds to McCain Ad. Funny or Die Website. Retrieved December 2, 2011, from http://www.funnyordie.com/videos/64ad536a6d/paris-hilton-responds-to-mccain-ad-from-paris-hilton-adam-ghost-panther-mckay-and-chris-henchy
Gaber, I. (2011). The Slow Death of the Westminster Lobby: Collateral Damage from the MPs’ Expenses Scandal. British Politics, 4 (4), 478–497.
Gallucci, N. (January 21, 2017). Inauguration Crowds Are Looking Puny Compared to Women’s March Crowds. Mashable. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://mashable.com/2017/01/21/womens-march-inauguration-crowds/#9NKFkp623kqX
Galtung, J., & Ruge, M. H. (1965). The Structure of Foreign News: The Presentation of the Congo, Cuba, and Cyprus in Four Norwegian Newspapers. Journal of Peace Research, 2 (1), 64–90.
Gans, H. J. (1979). Deciding What’s News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time (25th anniversary ed., 2004). New York: Pantheon.
Garcia Aviles, J., Leon, B., Sanders, K., & Harrison, J. (2004). Journalists at Digital Television Newsrooms in Britain and Spain: Workflow and Multi-Skilling in a Competitive Environment. Journalism Studies, 5 (1), 87–100.
Garthwaite, C., & Moore, T. J. (January 1, 2011). Can Celebrity Endorsements Affect Political Outcomes? Evidence from the 2008 U.S. Democratic Presidential Primary. Craig Garthwaite’s Website. Retrieved December 20, 2011, from http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/garthwaite/htm/celebrityendorsements_garthwaitemoore.pdf
Gershuny, J. (2000). Changing Times: Work and Leisure in Postindustrial Societies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gibbon, G. (April 30, 2010). What the Post-Debate Reaction Polls Tell Us. Channel 4 News Website. Retrieved May 4, 2010, from http://blogs.channel4.com/snowblog/2010/04/30/what-the-post-debate-reaction-polls-tell-us
Gibson, J. (April 15, 2010). Note to Lib Dem HQ. We can see what you’re doing to our tracker and @bruntonspall can stop it. You’re barred! http://bit.ly/bU4UVQ. Twitter.com/janinegibson. Retrieved April 15, 2010, from http://twitter.com/janinegibson/status/12243055856
Gillespie, M. (1995). Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change. London: Routledge.
Gilroy, P. (1993). The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. London: Verso.
Gitelman, L. (2006). Always Already New: Media, History, and the Data of Culture. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Gitlin, T. (January 19, 2017). Trump’s Hostile Takeover of the American Brand. Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved February 6, 2017, from http://www.cjr.org/covering_trump/trump_brand_america_media.php
Gliem, D. E., & Janack, J. A. (2008). A Portrait of a Transformational Leader: An Analysis of Text and Image on BarackObama.com. American Communication Journal, 10 (3), 1–31.
Glynn, K., & Tyson, A. F. (2007). Indigeneity, Media and Cultural Globalization: The Case of Mataku, or the Maori X-Files. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 10 (2), 205–224.
Goad, R. (June 10, 2008). Blog Traffic Reaches All Time High. Hitwise Website. Retrieved May 24, 2010, from http://weblogs.hitwise.com/robin-goad/2008/06/uk_blog_traffic_reaches_all_time_high.html
Goldblatt, J. (March 12, 2008). Barack Obama’s Controversial Pastor Puts Church in Hot
Water. Fox News Website. Retrieved December 6, 2011, from http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,337308,00.html
Golding, P., & Elliott, P. (1979). Making the News. London: Longman.
Goldmacher, S. (September 19, 2016). Trump Shatters GOP Records with Small Donors. Politico. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from http://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/trump-shatters-gop-records-with-small-donors-228338
Goldman, D. (January 21, 2017). The cake on the left is the one I made for President Obama’s inauguration 4 years ago. The one on the right is Trumps. I didn’t make it. Twitter.com/@Duff_Goldman. Retrieved January 21, 2017, from https://twitter.com/Duff_Goldman/status/822675780341641216
Goodin, R. E., Rice, J. M., Parpo, A., & Eriksson, L. (2008). Discretionary Time: A New Measure of Freedom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Blog Search. (November 30, 2011). Google Blog Search: “Obama is a Muslim” for the year 2006. Google Blog Search. Retrieved November 30, 2011, from http://www.google.co.uk/search?aq=f&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=Obama+Muslin#q=%22Obama+is+a+Muslim%22&hl=en&prmdo=1&tbs=sbd:1,cdr:1,cd_min:1/1/2006,cd_max:1/1/2007&tbm=blg&prmd=imvns&ei=elTWTpa9CoP1sgbQvNXODg&start=10&sa=N&filter=0&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=6f0b926da9d13bd3&biw=1391&bih=1015
Google News Search. (November 30, 2011). Google News Search: “Obama is a Muslim” for the Year 2007. Google News Search. Retrieved November 30, 2011, from http://www.google.co.uk/search?aq=f&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=Obama+Muslin#q=%22Obama+is+a+Muslim%22&hl=en&tbs=sbd:1,cdr:1,cd_min:2007,cd_max:2007&tbm=nws&prmd=imvns&ei=N1HWTvWpNsiyhAeew6R2&start=20&sa=N&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=31a082becceaa79f&biw=1391&bih=1015
Google Replay Search. (April 15, 2010a). Google Replay Real-Time Search Archive for “krishgm.” Google Replay Search. Retrieved May 19, 2010, from http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=krishgm&hl=en&prmd=u&source=lnms&ei=SuTzS6uNNYmM0gTL4dWWDQ&sa=X&oi=mode_link&ct=mode&ved=0CAwQ_AU&&tbs=mbl:1,mbl_hs:1271286000,mbl_he:1271372399
Google Replay Search. (2010b). National Bullying Helpline. Google Replay Search. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=national+bullying+helpline&hl=en&prmdo=1&prmd=n&filter=0&tbs=mbl:1,mbl_hs:1266710400,mbl_he:1266796799,mbl_rs:1266769607,mbl_re:1266772015
Goss, K. A., & Heaney, M. T. (2010). Organizing Women as Women: Hybridity and Grassroots Collective Action in the 21st Century. Perspectives on Politics, 8 (1), 27–52.
Grabe, M. E., & Bucy, E. P. (2010). Image Bite Politics: News and the Visual Framing of Elections. New York: Oxford University Press.
Grassegger, H., & Krogerus, M. (2017). The Data That Turned the World Upside Down. Vice. Retrieved February 24, 2017, from https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/how-our-likes-helped-trump-win
Graves, L. (2016). Deciding What’s True: The Rise of Political Fact-Checking in American Journalism. New York: Columbia University Press.
Green, J., & Issenberg, S. (October 27, 2016). Inside the Trump Bunker, With Days to Go. Bloomberg Website. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-10-27/inside-the-trump-bunker-with-12-days-to-go
Greenwald, G. (December 2, 2010). Joe Lieberman Emulates Chinese Dictators. Salon.com Website. Retrieved December 2, 2010, from http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/12/01/lieberman/index.html
Grewal, D. S. (2008). Network Power: The Social Dynamics of Globalization. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Grice, A. (April 19, 2010). Clegg’s Popularity Soars on Two Fronts; Lib Dem Leader’s Stock Rises with Voters, While Mandelson Concedes Possibility of a Coalition. Guardian, p. 8.
Grusin, R. (2010). Premediation: Affect and Mediality after 9/11. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Guardian. (November 2, 2009). Investigate Your MP’s Expenses. Guardian Website. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http://mps-expenses.guardian.co.uk/
Guardian. (February 22, 2010). Gordon Brown: Brought to Book. Guardian Website. Retrieved February 22, 2010, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/feb/22/andrew-rawnsley-gordon-brown-temper
Guardian. (August 24, 2012). Who Is Julian Assange? By the People Who Know Him Best. Guardian Website. Retrieved August 29, 2012, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2012/aug/24/who-is-julian-assange
Gulati, G. J. (2010). No Laughing Matter: The Role of New Media in the 2008 Election. In L. J. Sabato (Ed.), The Year of Obama: How Barack Obama Won the White House (pp. 187–203). London: Longman.
Guru-Murthy, K. (February 21, 2010). Been looking into “National Bullying Helpline” after their Downing Street claim. they have 2 Tory Patrons and Cameron quote on website. Twitter.com/krishgm. Retrieved February 21, 2010, from http://twitter.com/krishgm/statuses/9437279195
Habermas, J. (1989). The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Hajnal, Z. L., Lajevardi, N., & Nielson, L. (February 15, 2017). Do Voter Identification Laws Suppress Minority Voting? Yes. We Did the Research. Washington Post. Retrieved March 9, 2017, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/02/15/do-voter-identification-laws-suppress-minority-voting-yes-we-did-the-research/?utm_term=.edf698f8eb41
Hallin, D. C., & Mancini, P. (2004). Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Harris, M. (November 14, 2016). A Media Post-Mortem on the 2016 Presidential Election. mediaQuant Website. Retrieved February 13, 2017, from http://www.mediaquant.net/2016/11/a-media-post-mortem-on-the-2016-presidential-election
Heeks, R., & Stanforth, C. (2007). Understanding E-Government Project Trajectories From an Actor-Network Perspective. European Journal of Information Systems, 16 (2), 165–177.
Helm, T., & Asthana, A. (February 21, 2010a). Civil Service Chief Warned Gordon Brown over Abusive Treatment of Staff. Observer Website. Retrieved February 21, 2010, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/feb/21/gordon-brown-abusive-treatment-staff
Helm, T., & Asthana, A. (April 18, 2010b). Nick Clegg Appeals to Youth Vote and Liberal Democrats Maintain Poll Surge. Guardian Website. Retrieved April 18, 2010, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/apr/18/election-liberal-democrat-surge-nick-clegg
Herbst, S. (1993). Numbered Voices: How Opinion Polling Has Shaped American Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hersh, E. D. (2015). Hacking the Electorate: How Campaigns Perceive Voters. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hess, A. (January 15, 2017). Trump, Twitter and the Art of His Deal. New York Times. Retrieved February 10, 2017, from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/15/arts/trump-twitter-and-the-art-of-his-deal.html
heyitsjoe. (April 20, 2007). MoveOn.org Ad Against McCain: “Bomb Iran” Song. YouTube. Retrieved February 9, 2012, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U39zae4IxUA
Hicks, C. (November 7, 2016). Timeline of Hillary Clinton’s Email Scandal. CNN.com. Retrieved March 8, 2017, from http://edition.cnn.com/2016/10/28/politics/hillary-clinton-email-timeline
Hodgson, D. E. (2004). Project Work: The Legacy of Bureaucratic Control in the Post-Bureaucratic Organization. Organization, 11 (1), 81–100.
HollaAtYoDaddy. (April 22, 2008). Baracky The Movie. YouTube. Retrieved February 9, 2012, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4sDlVFlOfk
Holton, R. J. (1998). Globalization and the Nation-State. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hoskins, A., & O’Loughlin, B. (2010). War and Media: The Emergence of Diffused War. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Howard, P. N., & Chadwick, A. (2009). Conclusion: Political Omnivores and Wired States. In A. Chadwick & P. N. Howard (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Internet Politics (pp. 424–434). New York and London: Routledge.
Howe, J. (2008). Crowdsourcing: How the Power of the Crowd Is Driving the Future of Business. New York: Crown.
Huffington, A. (March 28, 2007). News 2.0: The Hybrid Future Is Kicking Down the Door. Huffington Post Website. Retrieved August 2, 2012, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/arianna-huffington/news-20-the-hybrid-future_b_44401.html?
&n
bsp; Humanitainment. (May 1, 2008). The Empire Strikes Barack. YouTube. Retrieved February 9, 2012, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8lvc-azCXY&feature=related
Insight. (January 17, 2007). Hillary’s Team Has Questions about Obama’s Muslim Background. Insight Website. Retrieved November 30, 2011, from http://web.archive.org/web/20070121201523/http://www.insightmag.com/Media/MediaManager/Obama_2.htm
International Telecommunication Union. (2011). Measuring the Information Society, 2011. Geneva: International Telecommunication Unit.
Ipsos MORI. (April 16, 2010). The Leaders’ Debates: Immediate Public Reaction—Clegg Wins the First Round. Ipsos MORI Website. Retrieved April 20, 2010, from http://www.ipsos-mori.com/Assets/Docs/News/ipsos-mori-public-reaction-to-leaders-debate.pdf
Irvine, C. (February 22, 2010). Gordon Brown under Pressure to Explain Anti-Bullying Chief’s Allegations. Daily Telegraph Website. Retrieved February 22, 2010, from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/gordon-brown/7289856/Gordon-Brown-under-pressure-to-explain-anti-bullying-chiefs-allegations.html
ITV, Sky, & BBC. (April 15, 2010). Programme Format Agreed by All Parties 1st March 2010. ITV Website. Retrieved April 29, 2010, from http://www.itv.com/utils/cached/common/ProgrammeFormat2.pdf
ITV News. (April 15, 2010a). The Election Debates. ITV News Website. Retrieved April 15, 2010, from http://www.itv.com/electiondebate/
ITV News. (2010b). ITV News at Ten, April 15.
ITV News. (2010c). ITV News, February 21.
Izadi, E., & Wang, A. B. (January 9, 2017). Meryl Streep Called Out Donald Trump at the Golden Globes. He Responded by Calling Her “Over-rated.” Washington Post Website. Retrieved March 8, 2017, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2017/01/08/meryl-streep-called-out-donald-trump-at-the-golden-globes-read-her-speech-here/?utm_term=.ec68185a09d5
james1053. (November 12, 2007). Hillary’s Ringer Winks after Planted Question. YouTube. Retrieved November 22, 2011, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGvRkeiX8G4&feature=related
The Hybrid Media System Page 51
