anti‑Semitism, 85–86 ( see also
Austrian Legion, 12
immigration policies)
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I n d e x 377
Battle of Britain, 84
resistance, 123, 133
Bergen‑Belson liberation, 298–304
roll call, 47, 75, 126
bombing Nordhausen, 284
singing punishment, 89–90
buildup of war, 60, 61
Soviet prisoners, 126–128
child immigration, 33
SS barracks, 91
Edith immigration application, 34
starvation, 55–56
immigration policies, 32–33, 35
suicides, 121
internments, 85–89
theft, 51–52
November pogrom/Kristallnacht
transfer to Auschwitz, 156–157
reaction, 28, 30
tricks, 83
refugees and, 60
tuberculosis prisoners, 125
Brostoff family, 59
Viennese sent to, 29
Buchenwald concentration camp
“Buchenwald Song” (song), 89–90,
4711 detail, 81
126, 184
assassination attempt revenge, 52–54 Buna Werke. see also IG Farben block 17, 95–98
air raids, 249–250, 252
block 46, 129–130
blackout policy, 238, 240
Commando 99, 126–128
description of, 179, 181, 204–205
construction work, 91–93, 154–155
managers’ ignorance at, 201–202
crematoria, 98
Rakers at, 244
description of, 45–48, 49–50
sabotage, 206, 259
disabled prisoners, 124–125
slow construction of, 190–191
businesses, 19–20, 22, 23
disease, 51, 125, 129–130
Dutch prisoners, 116–117
“Canada,” 236, 246–247, 269
early years, 61
categorization of people, 26–27, 28–29
escape register, 50, 67
Catholics, 16, 20
garden work, 75, 80–81
Chamberlain, Neville, 60–61
Goethe Oak, 65
charities, 36
Hamber murder, 115–116, 117–118
Chemnitz (SS‑Sergeant), 152
haulage column work, 81–82, 101,
children, 33, 36, 105. see also Klein‑
133, 135–136, 152
mann, Kurt
kapos, 49, 64, 66–67
churches (Christian), 20
Kleinmanns’ arrival at, 46–49
Churchill, Winston, 85
population in March 1942, 135
citizenship, 19
population in October 1942, 156
civilian ignorance, 201–202, 223–224,
quarantine respite, 64
302–303, 321. see also Holocaust
quarry work, 48–51, 64, 65–67, 75
deniers
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378 I n d e x
civilian workers, 181–183, 186, 189,
Eichmann, Adolf, 30, 234, 236, 323
203–205, 207, 223–224, 238–
“Eine kleine Nachtmusik” (song), 80
239, 245, 251
Eisele, Hanns, 118, 125
communists (general), 16, 95–98, 125, Eisler, Erich, 158, 203, 210, 221–222
134–135, 196, 314, 319. see also
Ellrich concentration camp, 287–288,
political prisoners; resistance;
294
various communist prisoners
Elser, Georg, 52
concentration camps (general), 21–22, emigration. see also immigration policies 238
domestic servants, 34–35
condemnations (international), 28, 30,
Edith, 35–36
31–32
Kleinmann family applications, 71,
crematorias, 98, 127–128, 235–236, 239
83, 99, 100, 131
criminal trials, 322–323
Kurt, 100, 104–105, 106–109
Cupo (Curt Posener), 221
prevention of, 30–31, 119–121, 132
Cyrankiewicz, Jósef, 205, 261
Erdmann (civilian worker), 241
Erika (civilian worker), 239
Dachau concentration camp, 29
escape
Danneberg, Robert, 95, 184
Auschwitz, 251, 252, 253–254
Danuta (civilian worker), 245
Auschwitz team, 246–248
death march, 267–268
during death march, 268
death train (from Gleiwitz II), 1–2,
from death train, 1–2, 268–273,
269–273, 285–286
285–286
deniers, 239
Fritz into Austria, 269–279
deportation, 139–141
Gustav escape from Bergen‑Belson,
DESt (Deutsche Erd‑ und Steinwerke),
303–304, 307–308
281, 292, 304
Mauthausen‑Gusen, 284
Deuringer (SS‑Sergeant), 152
Wocher’s plan, 253–254
Deutsche Ausrüstungswerke (DAW), 154 Esterwegen, 186
Diamant, Ephraim “Freddi,” 195
experiments, 118, 129–130
Ding, Erwin (Schuler), 129
disabled prisoners, 124–125
Federn, Ernst, 96
disappearances, 21
fifth columnists, 84–87, 99, 120, 135
Dumböck (SS‑Lieutenant), 80
Final Solution, 135, 147–148, 185
Dunkirk, 63
Fischmann, Artus, 242
Dürrfeld, Walther, 251
Förschner (SS‑Major), 288
Frankenstein (civilian worker),
Ecker, Vickerl, 18
182–183
Edlinger (civilian worker), 239
Frankfurter, Arnold, 134, 166–167
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I n d e x 379
Frantisek (civilian worker), 240–241
Hackmann, Hermann “Jonny,” 76
Friedmann (Gustov’s workmate),
Halle, Saxony, 314–315
152–153
Hamber, Eduard, 117–118, 119
Hamber, Philipp, 115
Galicia, 161–162, 164
Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, 110–112
Gandhi, Mahatma, 288
Heller, Paul, 55, 57
Ganz (civilian worker), 238
Helmhacker, Wickerl (Ludwig), 38, 139
Ganzer, Jacob, 152
Herzog, Gustav
Gärtner, Reinhold, 323
as clerk, 192
gas chambers
Holocaust awareness, 323
Hungarians, 234–236, 239
kindness, 79–80, 116–117, 242
men’s families, 188
life in Buchenwald, 78–80
Moll, 262
resistance, 172, 196, 203, 210–211,
as purpose of Auschwitz, 174
213–214, 251
work and, 181
train to Auschwitz, 158
wisdom, 83
gas vans, 148–149
Herzog, Johann, 66–67
German Jewish Children’s Aid, 105,
Heydrich, Reinhard, 31
110
Heymann, Stefan
Germanism, 7, 8
as Arndt’s assistant, 98
Gestapo, 16, 74, 76–77, 124, 132, 206,
Holocaust awareness, 323
207–208, 220–221
kindess, 79–80, 242
ghettos, 132
resistance, 202–203, 210, 212–213,
Giuditta
(Léhar), 96
221, 225, 230, 251, 256
Gleiwitz II concentration camp, 1, 269
train to Auschwitz, 158
Goering, Hermann, 91
Himmler, Heinrich, 18, 124, 132, 190,
Goethe Oak, 65
232, 291
Goslawski, Chaim, 213, 246–248
Hinkelmann, Eduard, 53–54, 81
Grabner, Maximilian, 207–208, 211,
Hirschberg, Jupp, 192
214–215
Hitler, Adolf
Grath, Bernd, 189
assassination attempt, 52
green‑triangle men, 49, 67, 79, 98,
Austria’s independence and, 6, 8, 12
135, 172, 193, 196, 301
building projects, 281
Greuel (SS‑Sergeant), 136
Jewish hatred, 134
Grünbaum, Fritz, 95, 97
Jewish immigration, 32
Grünberg, Paul, 169
in Vienna, 16, 17–18, 20
Grynszpan, Herschel, 23
Hitler Youth, 21
guns, prisoners having, 253–256
Hofer, Josef, 207
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380 I n d e x
Holocaust awareness, 201–202,
JRC (Jewish Refugees Committee), 59,
223–224, 302–303, 314–315,
62, 87–88
321, 322–323
Judaism
Holocaust deniers, 239. see also civil‑
communist link, 125
ian ignorance
Gustav, 7, 8, 17
Hoover, Herbert, 28
Kurt, 11, 12, 13
Höss, Rudolf, 175–176, 215, 226,
loss of badge in Auschwitz, 191–192
234–235
( see also Jewish Aryans)
Hössler, Franz, 296
nationalism and, 7–8
hostages, 164
in Vienna, 8, 13–14, 319–320 ( see
Hoven, Waldemar, 129
also Leopoldstadt district)
Hubert, Jiri, 251
Judenstern, 130–132, 191–192
Hungarian army, 297
Jurewska, Danuta, 239
Hungary, 234–236, 239
Hüttig, Hans, 48
Kahn, Rudi, 252
Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, 291
“I Lost My Heart in Heidelberg” (song), Kapelari, Helene, 228
96
Kapelari, Viktor, 74
identity cards, 22
kapos
IG Farben, 129–130, 179, 201–202,
Auschwitz block 7, 194–196
204–205, 249, 251. see also Buna
Bergen‑Belson liberation, 300
Werke
bonus coupons, 232–233
IKG (Israelitische Kultusgemeinde)
Buchenwald quarry, 64, 66–67
deportation, 141
Buna Werke, 204
emigration, 30
description of, 49
Jewish property and, 21
games of, 66–67
run by Nazis, 20–21
Gustav as, 189
Star of David badges, 130–131
Jews as, 192
Vienna deportations, 70
kindness of, 294
immigration policies, x, 31–33, 71,
Moses as, 78
99–100, 120. see also emigration
replacing with green‑triangle men, 135
Itschkerl (Jakob Ihr), 56, 57
Karl, 259
Kersten, Peter, 154
Jellinek, Sepple (Josef), 95
Kindertransport, 33
Jewish Aryans, 191–197, 282, 283, 289
kindess. see also resistance
“Jewish Song” (song), 90
Auschwitz, 182–183, 187, 224,
Jones, Margaret, 99–100
240–241, 242–243
Josten, Heinrich, 170
Brostoff family, 60
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I n d e x 381
Buchenwald, 57, 78–80, 116–117
life after war, 321–322
from Gustav and Fritz, 57, 241,
reaction to Holocaust, 320–321
242–243
readjustment, 319
as life‑giving, 199
Regensburg hospital, 310–311
Kleinmann, Edith (Gustav’s daughter)
train to Auschwitz, 158, 168–170
arrest of Paltenhoffer, 87–88
Weimar arrival, 44
birth of, 168
Wocher reunion, 320
at Brostoff ’s, 59–60
Kleinmann, Fritz in Vienna
emigration, 34–36, 86
arrested, 24–25, 26, 37–38, 43–44
family in America, 318
expelled, 19
family in London, 309–310
identity card, 37
fired, 19
Kurt and, 218–219
Judaism, 17
playing in Leopoldstadt district,
letters from family, 310
217–219
letters to family, 37, 58
released, 27
Paltenhoffer and, 61, 63
return to Vienna, 312–313
as pianist, 11
reunited with Gustav, 316
pregnancy, 87–88
Kleinmann, Fritz in Buchenwald
street abuse, 18
appeal for food, 56
Kleinmann, Fritz
arrival, 46–49
arrested in St. Pölten, 277
block 17, 95–97
as author, 323–324
closeness with Gustav, 119
closeness with Gustav, ix
letters to family, 70
as communist, 319
Moses and, 78, 182
death march from Monowitz, 267–268
news/gifts from family/friends, 102,
death of, 322
119, 137–138
death train, 269–273
popularity, 57, 78–79, 81, 92, 94
description of, 9
preparation for emigration, 75–77
escape into Austria, 269–279
running punishment, 82–83
escape plan, 260
whipped, 54
on evil, 202
work, 48–51, 65–67, 75, 80–81,
faith in God, 241, 319
91–92, 93, 154–155
growing up, 1–2
Kleinmann, Fritz in Auschwitz
Gustav reunion in Weimar, 45
air raids, 257–259
hating Nazis, 190
arrival, 170–177
Holocaust awareness, 323
beating by green‑triangle, 193
hospital in St. Pölten, 279
block 7, 215, 219–220
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382 I n d e x
close call, 187–188
closeness with Fritz, ix
coat making, 245
death march from Monowitz,
demoralized, 212–213
267–268
father and son in Auschwitz,
death of, 322
192–193, 236
death train, 269–273, 285
Gestapo interrogation, 207–211
diary, x, 43, 89, 116, 308, 324
Greek prisoners’ intervention, 241
early years, 5–6
Gustav on list for Auschwitz, 155–157
Ellrich concentration camp, 286–288,
Gustav’s illness, 237
294–295
Gustav’s optimism, 184
freedom, 307–308, 315
letters to family, 190
Fritz reunion in Weimar, 45
news/gifts from family/friends,
Holocaust awareness, 323
229–
230
Judaism, 7, 8, 17
popularity, 177
letters to family after war, 302
recorded as dead, 211–212
life after war, 321–322
regaining identity, 215
marriage, 166–167
resistance, 202–205, 242, 244–245,
Mittelbau‑Dora concentration camp,
246–249, 252, 253–256
286
reunited with Gustav after “death,”
nationalism, 7
213–214
optimism of, 8, 17, 94, 184–185, 253,
Wocher and, 228–229, 232, 237,
288, 297
253–256, 259–260
poems of, 66, 67–68, 288, 324
work, 174–175, 179–180, 185–187,
reaction to Holocaust, 320
188–189, 204–205, 237, 240
readjustment, 319
working with Gustav, 236, 237
returning to Galicia, 161–162, 164
as worrier, 190, 199–200, 242,
strength of, 2, 136, 272
259–260
train to Auschwitz, 158, 168–170
Kleinmann, Fritz in Mauthausen‑Gusen
train to Bergen‑Belson, 295
arrival, 280–284
as upholsterer, 5, 154, 185, 189, 308,
as Aryan, 282, 283, 289
313
demoralized, 306–307
Weimar arrival, 43–44
liberation, 310–311
Wocher reunion, 320
resistance, 289–290
during WWI, 161–168
as SS soldier, 289–290
Kleinmann, Gustav in Vienna
starving, 289, 291, 306
arrest of Fritz, 37–39
work, 290
arrested, 24–25, 26, 38–39
Kleinmann, Gustav
business seized, 19
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I n d e x 383
missing, 27
working with Fritz, 236, 237
released, 28
Kleinmann, Gustav in Bergen‑Belson
return to Vienna, 314–316
arrival, 295–296
reunited with Fritz, 316
escape, 303–304, 307–308
Kleinmann, Gustav in Buchenwald
liberation, 301–304
arrival, 46–49
starvation, 296
closeness with Fritz, 119
Kleinmann, Herta (Gustav’s daughter)
disease, 55, 57
arrested in Vienna, 137–139
Gustav on list for Auschwitz,
death of, 150–151 ( see also Maly
155–157
Trostinets)
injured, 152–154
emigration, 100, 131
letters to family, 70
fired, 19
news/gifts from family/friends, 102,
Kurt and, 11
119, 138
leaving Vienna, 139–146
work, 48–51, 65–67, 75, 81–82, 101,
Star of David badges, 130–131
133, 135–136, 152
street abuse, 19
Kleinmann, Gustav in Auschwitz
Kleinmann, Kurt (Gustav’s son)
air raids, 257–259
anti‑Semitism, 73–74
arrival, 170–177
behavior of, 72–75
as Aryan, 191–192
dreams, 102–104
The Stone Crusher Page 50
