by Bart Schultz
Pemble (London: Macmillan, ). My paper on that occasion, “Truth
and Its Consequences: The Friendship of Symonds and Henry Sidgwick,”
was a distillation of much of my work following an earlier conference,
Henry Sidgwick as Philosopher and Historian, organized by me and held
at the University of Chicago in May of – work that later appeared in
revised, extended form as my collection Essays on Henry Sidgwick (New
York: Cambridge University Press, ). A special thanks to the many
reviewers of this last volume.
Much of the preparatory work for this project was conducted at
Cambridge University, Sidgwick’s home for most of his adult life. My visits
there always involved trips to the beautiful Wren Library, Trinity College,
to consult the Sidgwick Papers. Working in the shadow of Lord Byron
proved inspirational, and it is a great pleasure to thank David McKitterick,
the librarian; Ronald Milne, the former sublibrarian; Jonathan Smith, the
archivist; and former archivist Diana Chardin for making these visits so
enjoyable and productive. Without their help – and without the gen-
erous assistance of many other staff members as well, notably Andrew
Lambert – my work could not have prospered. A special thanks goes to
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Diana Chardin for tracking down one of Sidgwick’s (all-too-few) lecture
manuscripts and to Jonathan Smith for vital aid with my references and
the cover photo. My most grateful acknowledgment goes to the Master
and Fellows of Trinity College for allowing the reproduction of various
manuscript materials from the Sidgwick Papers.
The Modern Record Centre at King’s College, Cambridge, also proved
to be an invaluable resource. It contains a great quantity of important cor-
respondence and manuscript material, including the correspondence with
Oscar Browning and eight volumes of student notes taken from Sidgwick’s
lectures on the history of ethics. Jacqueline Cox, the archivist, has been
extraordinarily helpful and efficient, along with her assistant, Elizabeth
Stratton. I am very pleased to thank the Master and Fellows of King’s
College for allowing the reproduction of various letters.
My visits to Newnham College were also inspirational; Newnham sim-
ply lives and breathes the spirit of the Sidgwicks, what they stood for prac-
tically and philosophically. It was during my first visit to Cambridge, while
meditating by the Sidgwick fountain at Newnham, that the resolution to
write this book formed in my mind. My thanks go to the Newnham Col-
lege Library and Archives, especially to Elisabeth van Houts, the former
archivist; Anne Thompson, the current archivist; and Deborah Hodder,
the librarian, who have been unfailingly pleasant and helpful. I happily
acknowledge the Principal and Fellows of Newnham College for allowing
reproduction of certain materials herein.
At University Library, Cambridge, which also holds a significant body
of Sidgwick material, I received much aid and information from Mark
Nichols and Godfrey Waller, for which I am most grateful; my thanks
go to that remarkable institution for allowing the reproduction of various
materials herein.
Thanks also go to the staff members at Darwin College Library, the
Philosophy Library, the Library at Gonville and Caius College, the Social
and Political Library, the Library at Downing College, the Marshall
Library, and the Library at Girton College (where Kate Perry was es-
pecially helpful). Special thanks go to the people at Clare Hall, partic-
ularly Dacea Smith, for their hospitality during some of my visits to
Cambridge.
At Oxford University, the Bodleian’s Helen Langley, in Modern Politi-
cal Papers, very generously gave of her time and expertise, doing much to
expedite my work. Thanks also go to Colin Harris, in Modern Papers, for
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Acknowledgments
his valuable assistance. Grateful acknowledgment goes to the Bodleian
Library for supplying microfilm copies of the Bryce correspondence
(especially valuable for analyzing Sidgwick’s handwriting) and the cor-
respondence between Symonds and Roden Noel and for allowing various
reproductions of their materials.
Katharine Thompson, the modern manuscripts assistant at Balliol Col-
lege Library, was quite helpful in fielding my inquiries about Sidgwick
holdings. And I would like to thank the library at Harris Manchester
College for supplying me with a missing Metaphysical Society paper and
graciously allowing the reproduction of various parts of Sidgwick’s papers
for the Society. Ms. Pauline Adams, at the Amelia B. Edwards Archive,
Somerville College, also supplied me with some most helpful information
about their archival holdings.
The London Library, which holds the original manuscript of the
Symonds memoirs, is a remarkable institution, and I am most grateful
to the staff there for welcoming me and providing expert help with my
research.
I am also delighted to thank the Department of Manuscripts at the
University of St. Andrews, especially Norman Reid, who was a wonder-
ful fund of helpful information and of crucial importance in allowing
the reproduction of Sidgwick’s letters to Wilfrid Ward in the InteLex
database. Thanks also go to Paul Johnson for his help with the final check
of the transcriptions of that correspondence. It is a pleasure to acknowl-
edge the University of St. Andrews for allowing me to use this material.
A warm thank-you goes to Richard Freeman, the owner of the Foxwell
Papers, for graciously allowing their reproduction in my database and
aiding my research in other ways as well.
Liz Waxdoff, the archivist at Knebworth, and the staff at the Hertford-
shire Record Office, especially Kathryn Thompson, helped track down
some important correspondence and were most generous in lending their
efforts to this project. I am of course delighted to express my thanks
to Lord Cobbold for kind permission to reproduce Sidgwick’s letter to
Robert Lytton, from the Knebworth House Collection.
Sincerest thanks also go to Michael Richardson, in Manuscripts at the
University of Bristol Library, for expertly and enthusiastically fielding any
number of inquiries about the Sidgwick and Symonds material held in the
collection there and supplying me with some very important material. It
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is a pleasure to thank the University of Bristol Library for permission to
reproduce the letters from Sidgwick to Symonds.
And another sincerest thanks goes to Brian Dyson, the university
archivist, in Archives and Special Collections at the Brynmoor Jones Li-
brary, University of Hull; his help, and that of his assistant, Angela Quinby,
in dealing with the Roden Noel letters to Sidgwick was invaluable, as was
his aid in contacting Desmond Heath, the author of Roden Noel: A Wide
Angle and the husband of Sylvia Putterill, one of Noel’s descendants. I am
delighted to thank the library at the University of Hull for allowing me to
use some of this material. And I am delighted to thank Desmond Heath
for supplying me with a complementary copy of his book and valuable –
very rare – additional correspondence from Sidgwick to Noel, not only
granting me permission to use it, but gifting it to me. I eagerly look for-
ward to continuing work with him to bring to light more Sidgwick–Noel
correspondence.
The British Library has been another happy and rewarding retreat,
with particular thanks going to C. J. Wright, J. Conway, Zoë Stansell, and
Michael Boggan, of the Department of Manuscripts, for helping me in
various ways, notably by expediting receipt of a microfilm copy of the
Sidgwick–Balfour correspondence. I am grateful to the British Library
for permission to reprint selected letters from this collection, and to Lord
Balfour, who has always been very cordial and helpful in responding to
my inquiries. Jane Hill and the staff at the Historical Search Room of the
Scottish Records Office, Edinburgh, where most of the Whittingehame
Balfour papers are now held, were also singularly patient and helpful in
responding to my many questions.
The staff at the Sheffield Archives, Sheffield City Libraries, have also
been a valuable resource, supplying me with important material from the
Carpenter manuscripts in their possession; I gratefully acknowledge their
permission to use some of the letters of Edward Carpenter and Horatio
Brown in their possession. A sincere thanks goes to Franc¸ois Lafitte, the
literary heir to Havelock Ellis, for graciously and helpfully responding to
my inquiries.
Naturally, the Historical Manuscripts Commission, UK National Reg-
ister of Archives, was a most useful resource, and I have often availed
myself of it; warm thanks go to the many staff members there who have
aided my efforts, particularly Dr. A. P. Lewis, in the Curatorial Office, who
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supplied me with much information about Horatio Brown’s manuscripts
and correspondence.
The staff at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the
University of Texas, Austin, has been a rich resource, both personally and
electronically.
Grateful acknowledgment also goes to the staff in Special Collections
and Archives at the Milton S. Eisenhower Library at The Johns Hopkins
University, particularly to Joan Grattan, who helped discover the (pre-
sumed lost) letter from Sidgwick to John Stuart Mill. It is a pleasure to
thank the Milton S. Eisenhower Library for allowing the reproduction of
this important document.
And it is a special pleasure to express my indebtedness to Harvard
University, the vast scholarly resources of which have been invaluable to
my work. I am especially grateful to the Houghton Library, particularly
to Leslie Morris, and to Bay James, the James heir, for permission to
reproduce parts of Henry and Eleanor Sidgwick’s letters to William James.
Thanks, too, go to the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at
Yale University, for their helpful reception while researching Sidgwick’s
letters to George Eliot.
I am also delighted to thank the Library at the University of Wales,
Aberystwyth, especially Jackie Woollam, for help with my inquiries and
for generously and speedily supplying me with a copy of the unabridged
version of “The Pursuit of Culture.”
Over the years, many other institutions and individuals have been very
generous in furthering my research. With apologies to those I may in-
advertently omit, I would like to record my thanks to the staff in Special
Collections at the University of Edinburgh and the staff in Special Collec-
tions at the University of Glasgow. In the United States, I have also been
helped by the staffs in Special Collections at the Joseph Regenstein Li-
brary at the University of Chicago, the Bancroft Library at the University
of California–Berkeley, the Sterling Memorial Library at Stanford Uni-
versity, the Butler Library at Columbia University, the New York Public
Library, and numerous others. The Regenstein Library, I should add, has
been a source and second home to me for more than twenty-five years.
The Theosophical Society, with its U.S. national headquarters in
Wheaton, Illinois, responded to some of my inquiries.
Lord Rayleigh and the Rt. Honorable Guy Strutt were most gracious in
allowing me to visit Terling Place, where the Sidgwicks spent so much of
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their time (and are buried), and to do research on the estate. Their aid and
hospitality was and is deeply appreciated, and I gratefully acknowledge
their efforts and generosity. My feeling for the atmosphere in which the
Sidgwicks lived gained much from this truly memorable visit.
A visit to the Sidgwicks’ house in Cambridge, “Hillside,” was also fas-
cinating, and my thanks go to the students who now inhabit it for allowing
me to look around, wandering and wondering in incomprehensible reverie.
Last, but very, very far from least, my research and travels have ben-
efited immeasurably from the aid and sympathy generously given by
Ms. Ann Baer, Sidgwick’s great-niece, a descendant of Arthur Sidgwick,
who supplied me with much useful information about the Sidgwick fam-
ily tree. My profound thanks go to her and to the other members of the
Sidgwick family – especially the philosopher Andrew Belsey – for being
so supportive of my research and encouraging the publication of the fruits
thereof. Ann Baer was also kind enough to put me in touch with Roberta
Blanshard, who was eager to aid my search for various Sidgwick materials
that had once been in the possession of her late husband, Brand Blanshard,
a founder of the Sidgwick Society.
As this record should suggest, the voyage producing Henry Sidgwick:
Eye of the Universe has been a long one. And it could well go on forever,
given how much research remains to be done. Sympathetic understanding,
contemporary or historical, is hard work.
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Abbreviations
References to and citations of Sidgwick’s major works are given paren-
thetically in the text using the following abbreviations. All works were
published by Macmillan and Co., London, except for the pamphlet “The
Ethics of Conformity and Subscription” (London: Williams and Norgate)
and Practical Ethics (London: Swan Sonnenschein). A space separates ab-
breviation and page number. If the reference is to an edition other than the
last, the number of the edition is placed immediately after the abbreviation
and before the space. Thus, (ME ) refers to The Methods of Ethics, first
edition, p. .
ECS
“The Ethics of Conformity and Subscription,” .
ME
The Methods of Ethics, st ed., ; nd ed., ; rd ed., ;
th ed., ; th ed., ; th ed., ; th ed., ; Japanese
translation, ; German translation, ; Italian translation,
; French translation, . Sidgwick also published A Sup-
plement to the First Edition of the Methods of Ethics () and A
Supplement to the Second Edition of the Methods of Ethics (),
containing the changes made to each of those editions.
PPE
The Principles of Political Economy, st ed., ; nd ed., ;
rd ed., .
OHE
Outlines of the History of Ethics for English Readers, st ed., ;
nd ed., ; rd ed., ; th ed., ; th ed., ; Italian
translation, .
EP
The Elements of Politics, st ed., ; nd ed., ; rd ed., ;
th ed., .
PE
Practical Ethics: A Collection of Addresses and Essays, st ed., ;
nd ed., .
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