by Hall Gardner
33. “Ukraine Crisis: Transcript of Leaked Nuland-Pyatt Call,” BBC, February 7, 2014 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26079957 (accessed October 26, 2017).
34. Josh Meyer, “DNC Email Hack: Why Vladimir Putin Hates Hillary Clinton,” NBC News, July 27, 2016, http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/why-putin-hates-hillary-clinton-n617236 (accessed October 26, 2017).
35. Jon Swaine and Ed Pilkington, “The Wealthy Men in Trump's Inner Circle with Links to Tax Havens,” Guardian, November 5, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/nov/05/wealthy-men-donald-trump-inner-circle-links-tax-havens (accessed November 6, 2017).
36. Charles Tiefer, “‘Paradise Papers’ Disclosures of Trump Administration-Russia Ties Warrant Congressional Hearings,” Forbes, November 5, 2017, https://www.forbes.com/sites/charlestiefer/2017/11/05/new-paradise-papers-disclosures-of-trump-russia-ties-warrant-immediate-congressional-hearings/#720d71d14baa (accessed November 13, 2017).
37. ExxonMobil has lost at least $1 billion on its investments in Russia, as of early 2015. Ed Crooks, “Rex Tillerson, ExxonMobil, and the Separation of Oil and State,” Financial Times, January 22, 2017, https://www.ft.com/content/2acabb7a-def9-11e6-9d7c-be108f1c1dce (accessed October 16, 2017).
38. Karoun Demirjian, “Tillerson Says US Should Have Used Other Options in Crimea,” Washington Post, January 11, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2017/live-updates/trump-white-house/confirmation-hearings-trump-speaks-and-vote-a-rama-analysis-and-updates/tillersons-says-u-s-should-have-used-other-options-in-crimea/?utm_term=.66a0f1f32078 (accessed October 26, 2017).
39. In his testimony before Congress, Rex Tillerson affirmed that he would keep US sanctions in place and consider new penalties related to Russian meddling in the presidential election. Ibid.
40. Crooks, “Rex Tillerson, ExxonMobil, and the Separation of Oil and State”; Samuel Rubenfeld, Lynn Cook, and Ian Talley, “Exxon Sues US over $2 Million Russian Sanctions Fine,” Market Watch, July 21, 2017, http://www.marketwatch.com/story/exxon-sues-us-over-2-million-russian-sanctions-fine-2017-07-21 (accessed October 26, 2017); Peter Baker and Sophia Kishkovsky, “Trump Signs Russian Sanctions into Law, with Caveats,” New York Times, August 2, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/02/world/europe/trump-russia-sanctions.html (accessed October 26, 2017).
41. Flynn was accused of acting illegally as a foreign agent, paid by Russian Television (RT) and by the Turkish government, without registering as a foreign agent during the Trump campaign. It was argued that his actions could lead him to be “compromised” by Moscow. Katie Bo Williams, “Yates Warned Flynn Was Vulnerable to Blackmail by Russia,” Hill, May 8, 2017, http://thehill.com/policy/national-security/332416-yates-flynn-conduct-created-a-compromise-situation (accessed October 26, 2017). Philip Giraldi put the issue this way: “…the destruction of Flynn, involving as it may have a number of leakers coming from all across the intelligence community, might be part of a coordinated effort to narrow the Trump White House's options for dealing with Russia. Many in Washington do not want a comfortable working relationship with Putin in spite of the fact that a reset with Moscow should be the No. 1 national-security objective.” Philip Giraldi, “More about Russia and Less about Flynn?” American Conservative, February 16, 2017, http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/more-about-russia-and-less-about-flynn/ (accessed October 26, 2017).
42. Megan Twohey and Scott Shane, “A Back-Channel Plan for Ukraine and Russia, Courtesy of Trump Associates,” New York Times, February 19, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/19/us/politics/donald-trump-ukraine-russia.html? (accessed May 29, 2017); Danielle Kurtzleben, “Michael Flynn Left the Trump White House This Week. Here's How That Happened,” NPR, February 14, 2017, http://www.npr.org/2017/02/14/515233669/michael-flynn-left-the-trump-white-house-this-week-heres-how-that-happened (accessed May 29, 2017). Other allegations included Trump team efforts to discuss with Moscow a change in US policy toward Syria.
43. “Transcript: Michael Flynn on ISIL,” Al Jazeera, January 13, 2016, http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/headtohead/2016/01/transcript-michael-flynn-160104174144334.html (accessed November 6, 2017).
44. Elana Schor and Nolan D. McCaskill, “Republicans Warn Trump against Lifting Russia Sanctions,” Politico, January 27, 2017, http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/trump-russia-sanctions-john-mccain-response-234268 (accessed May 29, 2017).
45. Russia essentially has had three sets of sanctions put on it by the US since Crimea became part of Russia. US sectoral sanctions on Russia (on energy) are due to expire in December 2017 and could be renewed—if the US Senate does not try to block such a move. “Ukraine/Russia Related Sanctions Program,” US Department of the Treasury, last updated September 29, 2017, https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Pages/ukraine.aspx (accessed October 26, 2017).
46. Aaron Blake, “Donald Trump Claims None of Those 3 to 5 Million Illegal Votes Were Cast for Him. Zero,” Washington Post, January 26, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/01/25/donald-trump-claims-none-of-those-3-to-5-million-illegal-votes-were-cast-for-him-zero/?utm_term=.c260ce102f66 (accessed November 6, 2017).
47. Adam Liptak, “Supreme Court Rejects Challenge on ‘One Person One Vote,’” New York Times, April 4, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/05/us/politics/supreme-court-one-person-one-vote.html?_r=0 (accessed October 26, 2017). The 2016 Supreme Court decision that states must count all residents in each voting district, whether they can vote or not, tends to enhance the power of urban areas, thus generally benefitting Democrats, while if only eligible voters would be counted in the census, then political power would shift from cities to rural areas, generally benefiting Republicans. In the near future, Trump supporters will be overseeing the 2020 census and could attempt to manipulate redistricting in each state according to Republican interests through gerrymandering.
48. “Remittances to Mexico Jump by Most in 10 Years after Trump Win,” Reuters, January 2, 2017, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-economy-remittances/remittances-to-mexico-jump-by-most-in-10-years-after-trump-win-idUSKBN14M115 (accessed November 5, 2017).
49. The income from remittances reduces poverty in families and discourages their members from engaging in criminal behavior. Remittance flows are an important source of income for many households, communities, and LAC countries. They also enable households to invest more in the education and safety of young people, which helps to prevent crime and provide better job opportunities in the future. Steve Brito, Ana Corbacho, and René Osorio, Remittances and the Impact on Crime in Mexico (Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, May 2014), working paper series no. 514, https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/6482/IFD%20WP%20Remittances%20and%20the%20Impact%20on%20Crime%20in%20Mexico.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed October 26, 2017).
50. Associated Press, “Trump Says He'll Send Military to Mexico to ‘Take Care of’ ‘Bad Hombres,’ But Officials Say Comments Were Lighthearted,” Denver Post, February 2, 2017, http://www.denverpost.com/2017/02/02/trump-mexico-bad-hombres/ (accessed October 26, 2017).
51. See argument of Robert A. Levy, “Reflections on Gun Control by a Second Amendment Advocate,” National Law Journal, February 12, 2013, https://www.law.com/nationallawjournal/almID/1202587764936/?slreturn=20171007060056 (accessed November 13, 2017).
52. Ali Vitali, “President Trump Signs New Immigration Executive Order,” NBC News, March 6, 2017, http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/president-trump-signs-new-immigration-executive-order-n724276 (accessed October 26, 2017).
53. The Justice Department insisted that ban on immigrants from certain countries was justified for national security reasons. Unless the law can be proved to be discriminatory, the ban may not violate the Establishment and Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution, but it could violate the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which had banned all discrimination against immigrants on the basis of national origin—unless “countries of concern” can be considered exempt. Nolan Rappaport, “I
f Immigration Ban Goes to Supreme Court, Trump Is Shoo-In to Win,” Hill, February 13, 2017, http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/immigration/319212-if-immigration-ban-goes-to-supreme-court-trump-is-shoo-in (accessed October 26, 2017); Andrew Chung and Mica Rosenberg, “Courts Likely to Probe Trump's Intent in Issuing Travel Ban,” Reuters, February 13, 2017, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-immigration-legal-idUSKBN15S14H (accessed October 26, 2017).
54. Trump does, however, appear to believe gun control laws that could impact those “deemed to be a threat to themselves or others” is “something to look into—people with mental health problems are on the streets who shouldn't be.” “Donald Trump on Gun Control,” On the Issues, last updated June 15, 2017, http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Donald_Trump_Gun_Control.htm (accessed May 29, 2017).
55. As of April 2016 (prior to the July 14, 2016, Nice attacks) research found that lone right-wing extremists represent a substantial aspect of the lone-actor threat and must not be overlooked. Clare Ellis, Raffaello Pantucci, Jeanine de Roy van Zuijdewijn, Edwin Bakker, Benoît Gomis, Simon Palombi, and Melanie Smith, Lone-Actor Terrorism: Final Report, Countering Lone-Actor Terrorism Series, no. 11 (London: Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies, 2016), https://rusi.org/sites/default/files/201604_clat_final_report.pdf (accessed October 31, 2017); Tom Keatinge and Florence Keen, “Lone-Actor and Small Cell Terrorist Attacks: A New Front in Counter-Terrorist Finance?” RUSI Publications, January 24, 2017, https://rusi.org/publication/occasional-papers/lone-actor-and-small-cell-terrorist-attacks-new-front-counter (accessed October 26, 2017).
56. For the ideological development of Breivik's anti-Marxist ideology, see his 2011 manifesto: Anders Breivik [Andrew Berwick, pseud.], “2083: A European Declaration of Independence” https://fas.org/programs/tap/_docs/2083_-_A_European_Declaration_of_Independence.pdf (accessed October 26, 2017).
57. Asne Seierstad, “Is Norwegian Mass Murderer Anders Breivik Still a Threat to Europe?” Newsweek, May 13, 2016, http://europe.newsweek.com/anders-breivik-neo-nazi-suing-norway-asne-seierstad-447247?rm=eu (accessed October 26, 2017).
58. Sheryl Gay Stolberg and Brian M. Rosenthal, “Man Charged after White Nationalist Rally in Charlottesville Ends in Deadly Violence,” New York Times, August 12, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/12/us/charlottesville-protest-white-nationalist.html?mcubz=1 (accessed October 26, 2017).
59. Ibid.
60. Joshua Berlinger, “Gavin Long: Who Is Baton Rouge Cop Killer?” CNN, August 4, 2016, http://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/18/us/who-is-gavin-long/ (accessed October 26, 2017). Long stated in a video that he had no affiliation with the Nation of Islam or ISIS.
61. Other issues that could lead to impeachment are based on two clauses in the US Constitution: The foreign-emoluments clause forbids any gifts or benefits from foreign governments and a second that forbids gifts or benefits from the US government or any US state. These concerns have been raised as a result from Donald Trump's refusal to separate himself from his major business interests as past presidents have done. David Swanson, “Why Impeach Donald Trump,” Counterpunch, January 24, 2017, http://www.counterpunch.org/2017/01/24/why-impeach-donald-trump/ (accessed October 26, 2017).
62. Ken Bensinger, Miriam Elder, and Mark Schoofs, “These Reports Allege Trump Has Deep Ties to Russia,” BuzzFeed, January 10, 2017, https://www.buzzfeed.com/kenbensinger/these-reports-allege-trump-has-deep-ties-to-russia?utm_term=.qxL4y3W2O3#.ldwb6E173E (accessed May 29, 2017).
63. See controversial report written by former British MI6 intelligence agent Christopher Steele, Fusion GPS report. Interestingly enough, the report indicates that the Russian government did want to sell 19 percent of Rosneft shares to foreigners, which it did, but not all of the names of share owners have been revealed. The Qatar Investment Corporation and the Swiss firm Glencore are listed as purchasers of 19.5 shares of Rosneft, but the figures do not add up. An unknown entity in the Cayman Islands may hold as much as $2.2 billion. Katya Golubkova, Dmitry Zhdannikov, and Stephen Jewkes, “How Russia Sold Its Oil Jewel: Without Saying Who Bought It,” Reuters, January 24, 2017, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-rosneft-privatisation-insight-idUSKBN1582OH (accessed October 26, 2017).
64. If Trump receives any special treatment in securing trademark rights, it might be considered a violation of the US Constitution, which bans public servants from accepting anything of value from foreign governments unless approved by Congress. Associated Press in Shanghai, “China Provisionally Grants Trump 38 Trademarks—Including for Escort Service,” Guardian, March 8, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/08/china-approves-trump-trademarks-businesses (accessed October 26, 2017). One of the theories of the secret GPS Fusion report is that Trump's political dealings with Russia were intended to deflect attention from his even bigger business deals with China. If so, the Russia affair has exploded way beyond Trump's expectations!
65. Greg Miller and Greg Jaffe, “Trump Revealed Highly Classified Information to Russian Foreign Minister and Ambassador,” Washington Post, May 15 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-revealed-highly-classified-information-to-russian-foreign-minister-and-ambassador/2017/05/15/530c172a-3960-11e7-9e48-c4f199710b69_story.html?utm_term=.731d6f4738e4 (accessed October 26, 2017).
66. Aristotle, Politics.
CHAPTER 4: RISKS OF THE NEW AMERICAN NATIONALISM FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION
1. Lewis Sanders, “World Leaders Tackle Uncertainty at the Heart of Global Order,” Deutsche Welle, February 17, 2017, http://www.dw.com/en/world-leaders-tackle-uncertainty-at-the-heart-of-global-order/a-37608782 (accessed May 29, 2017).
2. Lionel Barber, “Juncker Tells Trump to Stop ‘Annoying’ Praise for Brexit,” Financial Times, March 24, 2017, https://www.ft.com/content/938452b6-1072-11e7-a88c-50ba212dce4d (accessed October 26, 2017).
3. Tom Batchelor, “Donald Trump Says He Is ‘Totally in Favour’ of ‘Wonderful’ EU,” Independent, February 23, 2017, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-european-union-eu-us-president-totally-in-favour-wonderful-steve-bannon-mike-pence-a7596731.html (accessed October 26, 2017).
4. Gardiner Harris and James Kanter, “Mike Pence, in Europe, Says Trump Supports Partnership with EU,” New York Times, February 20, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/20/world/europe/pence-european-union-trump.html?rref=collection%2Fnewseventcollection%2FThe%20Trump%20White%20House&action=click&contentCollection=Politics&module=Collection®ion=Marginalia&src=me&version=newsevent&pgtype=article (accessed May 30, 2017); “Remarks by President Donald Tusk after His Meeting with Vice President of the United States Mike Pence,” press release, European Council: Council of the European Union, February 20, 2017, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2017/02/20-tusk-remarks-meeting-us-vice-president-pence/ (accessed May 30, 2017).
5. Batchelor, “Donald Trump Says.”
6. Mathew Nussbaum, “Pence to Europe: We're Still with You,” Politico, February 18, 2017, https://www.politico.com/story/2017/02/mike-pence-nato-european-leaders-235172 (accessed November 7, 2017).
7. Michael Birnbaum, “Trump's Calls for Europe to Increase Defense Spending Could Force Other Upheaval,” Washington Post, February 15, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/trumps-calls-for-europe-to-increase-defense-spending-could-force-other-upheaval/2017/02/15/fe257b44-efc1-11e6-a100-fdaaf400369a_story.html?tid=a_inl&utm_term=.53f37519044d (accessed October 26, 2017).
8. US Donald Trump, “President Trump's Remarks at 9/11 and Article 5 Memorial Unveiling,” US Mission to NATO, May 25, 2017, https://nato.usmission.gov/may-25-2017-president-trumps-remarks-911-article-5-memorial-unveiling/ (accessed October 26, 2017).
9. Germany's foreign minister, Sigmar Gabriel, retorted, “I don't know where Germany can find billions of euros to boost defense spending if politicians also want to lower taxes.” Ewan MacAskill, “Pence's Speech on NATO Leaves European Leaders Troubled over Alliance's Future,” Guardian, February 18, 2017, h
ttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/18/trump-pence-eu-nato-munich-conference-germany-britain (accessed October 26, 2017); Steve Eder and Thomas Kaplan, “Donald Trump and Mike Pence: One Ticket, Two Worldviews,” New York Times, July 17, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/18/us/politics/donald-trump-mike-pence.html?_r=0 (accessed October 26, 2017).
10. The United States, the United Kingdom, and France are global hegemonic powers, but Germany is not. Its political-economic influence is largely European, although it does a large business in conventional arms. From 2014 to 2015, German arms sales almost doubled to €7.5 billion, with sales to the United Kingdom but also to Qatar and Saudi Arabia. “German Arms Exports Keep Rising in 2016,” Deutsche Welle, July 5, 2016, http://www.dw.com/en/german-arms-exports-keep-rising-in-2016/a-19377912 (accessed October 26, 2017).
11. “Ombudsman: German Army Is ‘Short of Almost Everything,’” Deutsche Welle, January 26, 2016, http://www.dw.com/en/ombudsman-german-army-is-short-of-almost-everything/a-19005841 (accessed May 29, 2017).
12. “Réduite de 50% sous Sarkozy et Hollande, l'armée française est au bord de l'explosion,” Le Salon Beige, October 27, 2015, http://www.lesalonbeige.fr/reduite-de-50-sous-sarkozy-et-hollande-larmee-francaise-est-au-bord-de-lexplosion/ (accessed May 29, 2017).
13. Ivana Kottasova, “How NATO Is Funded and Who Pays What,” CNN, March 20, 2017, http://money.cnn.com/2017/03/20/news/nato-funding-explained/index.html (accessed November 7, 2017). On demands that the Europeans, not the Americans, pay more for defense, see Doug Bandow, “U.S. to Spend More on Europe's Defense: Let the Europeans Pay Instead,” Huffington Post, February 12, 2017, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/doug-bandow/us-to-spend-more-on-europ_b_9219754.html (accessed November 7, 2017).
