by Chris DeRose
1. American Traveler, March 12, 1859; Historic Washington Homes, 255.
2. Leslie’s, 3/12; Public Ledger (Philadelphia), September 8, 1843; Daily Evening Transcript (Boston), September 9, 1843.
3. Alexandra Gazette, April 21, 1859; Sacramento Daily Union, June 12, 1865; Daily True Delta, November 17, 1864.
4. John Charles Fremont, Memoirs of My Life (Chicago: Belford, 1887), 27.
5. Lloyd’s Weekly Newspaper, April 24, 1859; Plain Dealer, March 3, 1859; Diary of Laura Crawford Jones; New York Times, April 21, 1859; Boston Journal, March 2, 1859.
6. Lawrence, 679.
7. Tribune, March 3, 1859; Louisville Daily Courier, March 4, 1859.
8. Trial day, 13; Tribune, March 3, 1859.
CHAPTER 13
1. Leslie’s, March 12, 1859.
2. Press, April 14, 1859.
3. Lawson, 623.
CHAPTER 14
1. Elizabeth Lomax, Leaves from an Old Washington Diary (New York: Lyons Press, 2014), 57.
2. Trial Day, 10; Milles, Quincy T. “Cutting Along the Color Line.” 22.
3. Poor, 2:26.
4. National Intelligencer, February 28, 1859; New York Herald, February 28, 1859.
5. The actions of Sickles, Wooldridge, and Butterworth on February 27 are drawn from statements published by the latter two in the New York Times and elsewhere on March 2. Butterworth was the closest eyewitness to the shooting and saw the all of it, and his account is primarily relied upon for its exact details. It is supplemented by eyewitness testimony from Day 4 of the trial.
6. Clay-Copton, 97.
7. Newsome, A. R. “Letters of Lawrence O’Bryan Branch 1856-1860.” North Carolina Historical Review 10:1 (January 1933) pp.44-79. Branch to his wife, February 27, 1859.
8. Trial, 21; Time, February 28, 1859.
9. Statement of Robert Walker; Trial Day, 15.
10. Boston Evening Transcript, April 13, 1859.
11. States, February 28, 1859.
12. Trial, day sixteen.
13. Daily Tribune, March 2, 1859.
14. New York Times, February 28, 1859; Boston Traveler, March 1, 1859.
15. Washington Union, March 1, 1859.
16. Harper’s April 12 1859.
17. Hives, 2.
18. Tim Krepp, Capitol Hill Haunts (Washington, D.C.: The History Press, 2012).
19. Joseph T. Kelly, Memories of a Lifetime in Washington (Records of the D.C. Historical Society) 134-5; Green, Constance McLaughlin. 217.
20. Daily Tribune, March 1, 1859; Trial Day, 11.
21. New York Times, March 2 and March 4, 1859; Boston Evening Transcript, March 1, 1859; Commercial Advertiser, March 1; Commercial Advertiser, March 2, 1859; Herald, March 1, 1859.
22. March 15, 1859.
CHAPTER 15
1. Richard Kielbowicz, Technology and Culture, Vol. 28, No. 1 (Jan., 1987), pp. 26-41. News Gathering by Mail in the Age of the Telegraph, 29.
2. Richard Kielbowicz, Technology and Culture, Vol. 28, No. 1 (Jan., 1987), pp. 26-41. News Gathering by Mail in the Age of the Telegraph, 29, 37; Standage 45-46.
3. Standage, 45-46.
4. Standage, 148.
5. States, March 2, 1859.
6. New York Times, March 5, 1859.
7. New York Times, January 15, 1859; New York Times, January 25, 1859.
8. New York Times, March 1, 1859.
9. Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, March 14, 1859.
10. Star, March 1.
11. Daily Standard; Commercial Tribune; Louisville Daily Courier, all of February 28, 1859.
12. Leslie’s, March 12, 1859; Sun, March 4, 1859; Herald, March 28, 1859.
13. Boston Journal, February 28, 1859.
14. Herald, February 27, 1859; Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, March 1, 1859.
15. Diary of Laura Crawford Jones.
16. The British English world “gaol” means the same as the American English word “jail.”
17. San Francisco Bulletin, July 18, 1857; Evening Mail (London), August 18, 1854; Atlas (London), November 11, 1854.
CHAPTER 16
1. Harper’s, March 14, 1859.
2. Daily Union, March 1, 1859; Evening Post, March 1, 1859.
3. Boston Evening Transcript, March 1, 1859.
4. Daily Tribune, March 1, 1859.
5. American Traveler, March 1, 1859.
CHAPTER 17
1. William Marvel, Lincoln’s Autocrat (Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press, 2015), pp. 6-7, 8, 30, 37, 43-44, 55, 102; Daily Union, January 4, 1859.
2. Press, April 6, 1859; Sun, April 16, 1853; Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States, 10:155; Tribune, December 14, 1882.
3. American State Trials, 12:499.
4. Reflector, March 4, 1859; New York Times, March 2, 1859; Evening Journal, February 28, 1859.
CHAPTER 18
1. Tribune, March 2, 1859.
2. Tribune, March 5, 1859.
3. Leslie’s, March 12, 1859.
4. Tribune, March 3, 1859; Leslie’s, March 12, 1859; Commercial Advertiser, March 2, 1859.
5. Pennsylvanian, March 4, 1859; Pittsfield Sun, March 17, 1859.
6. Evening Post, March 2, 1859.
7. New York Times, March 12 and March 4, 1859.
8. Tribune, March 2, 1859.
9. Waltham Sentinel, March 11, 1859.
CHAPTER 19
1. Reprinted in the Star, March 10, 1859.
2. Star, March 2, 1859.
3. Reprinted in the Star, March 8, 1859.
4. Baltimore Sun editorial reprinted in the Union Democrat (Manchester, NH), April 5, 1859.
CHAPTER 20
1. Boston Journal, March 2, 1859; March 15, 1859.
2. Herald, March 26, 1859; Schenectady Reflector, March 4, 1859; Pennsylvanian, March 2, 1859.
3. Reprinted in the Star, March 8, 1859.
4. New York Times, April 14, 1859, quoting the Times of London.
5. The Letters of Jesse Benton Freemont, 213.
6. Herald, March 17, 1859.
7. New York Times, March 15, 1859.
CHAPTER 21
1. Tribune, March 2, 1859.
2. Times, March 7, 1859.
3. Tribune, March 2, 1859; Diary of Laura Crawford Jones, Library of Congress.
4. States, March 6, 1859.
5. Washington Reporter (Washington, PA), April 13, 1859.
CHAPTER 22
1. Leslie’s, March 19, 1859.
2. The Tribune.
3. National Anti-Slavery Standard, March 12, 1859.
4. States, March 7, 1859; “Lafayette Square.” Records of the Columbia Historical Society.
CHAPTER 23
1. Star, 1859.
2. Inquirer, March 14, 1859.
3. New York Times, March 15, 1859.
4. Albany Journal, March 8, 1859.
5. Harper’s, March 19; New York Times, March 15, 1859.
6. Boston Traveler, March 14, 1859.
7. New York Times, March 15, 1859.
8. Tribune, March 2, 1859.
9. New York Times, March 15, 1859.
10. The encounter with Laura in his cell is described in Harper’s, March 19, 1859.
11. Harper’s, March 19, 1859; Herald, March 10, 1859.
12. New York Times, March 3, March 6, and March 11, 1859; Times Picayune, April 15, 1859.
CHAPTER 24
1. Leslie’s, March 19, 1859; Harper’s, March 19, 1859.
2. Tribune, March 2, 1859; Lesile’s, March 12, 1859.
3. Daily Pennsylvanian, March 7, 1859.
4. Congregationalist, April 15, 1859.
CHAPTER 25
1. Evening Post, March 24, 1859; Manufacturers’ and Farmers’ Journal, June 13, 1859.
2. Centinel of Freedom, March 8, 1859.
3. Manufacturers’ and Farmers’ Journal, March 24, 1859.
4. Lowell Citizen and News, March 16, 1859.
5. Star, May 10, 1859.
6
. Pennsylvanian, March 4, 1859.
7. Lowell Daily Citizen, April 6, 1859.
8. Weekly Miners’ Journal, (Pottsville PA).
CHAPTER 26
1. Bonn’s Handbook of Washington, 74.
2. Evening Post, March 16, 1859; Star, March 14, 1859.
3. Leslie’s, March 26, 1859.
4. Poore 2:27; New York Times, April 9, 1859.; The Sun, November 20, 1857; Washington Union, November 25, ; The States, June 28, 1858.
5. New York Times, March 15, 1859; Evening Post, March 16, 1859; Albany Journal, March 15, 1859.
6. New York Times, March 16, 1859.
7. New York Times, March 17, 1859.
8. Star, March 18, 1859; Albany Journal, March 18, 1859.
9. Evening Post, March 5, 1859.
10. New York Times, March 23, 1859.
11. New York Times, March 23, 1859.
12. States, March 24, 1859.
13. Harvey Crew, Centennial History of DC (Dayton: Crew, 1892), 735.
14. Lawrence Gobright, Recollection of Men and Things at Washington, During a Third of a Century (Philadelphia: Claxton: 1859), 192.
15. New York Times, March 25, 1859; Star, March 25, 1859.
16. Morning Post (London), April 12, 1859.
17. American Traveler, March 12, 1859.
CHAPTER 27
1. Evening Post, March 26, 1859; Harper’s, April 9, 1859.
2. States, March 26, 1859; March 18, 1859; Leslie’s, March 19, 1859.
3. Diary of Laura Crawford Jones
4. Louisville Daily Courier, April 4, 1859.
5. Boston Courier, May 12, 1859.
6. Evening Post, April 9, 1859, reprinted from the London Examiner.
7. Traveler, April 15, 1859.
8. New York Observer, April 16, 1836; David Anthony, The Helen Jewett Panic, American Literature, vol. 69, no. 3 (September 1997), pp. 487-514.
9. Massachusetts Spy, April 6, 1859.
10. Providence Evening Press, April 5, 1859; Boston Journal, April 11, 1859.
CHAPTER 28
1. States, April 6, 1859; New York Times, March 15, 1859.
2. New York Times, April 7, 1859; Press, April 8, 1859; Trial Day, 4
3. Herald, April 4, 1859.
4. Swanberg, 69.
CHAPTER 29
1. Union, April 5, 1859; Manufacturers’ and Farmers’ Journal (Providence), April 4, 1859; Albany Evening Journal, April 4, 1859; New York Times, April 7, 1859.
2. Press, April 6, 1859.
3. Evening Journal, April 4, 1859; Sun, April 6, 1859.
4. Sun, April 6, 1859; New York Times, April 7, 1859; Press, April 8, 1859; Intelligencer, April 5, 1859; Intelligencer, April 5, 1859; Intelligencer, April 5, 1859; Intelligencer, April 5, 1859; New York Times, April 8, 1859.
5. Daily Union, October 2, 1859.
6. Post, April 6, 1859.
7. Herald, April 4, 1859; Daily Union, April 5, 1859.
8. New York Times, April 5, 1859; Union, April 5, 1859; New York Times, April 6, 1859; Press, April 6, 1859; States, April 5, 1859.
9. States, April 4, 1859.
10. Lawson, 497; New York Times, April 7, 1859; Poore, 2:26.
11. Press, April 6, 1859.
12. New York Times, April 5, 1859.
13. New York Times, April 5, 1859.
14. New York Times, April 5, 1859.
15. Daily Union, April 5, 1859; Intelligencer, April 5, 1859.
16. New York Times, April 6, 1859.
17. Transcript, March 26; New York Times, April 6, 1859; Post, April 7, 1859.
18. See, e.g., New York Times, April 5, 1859.
19. Joseph T. Kelly, Memories of a Lifetime in Washington, 134-35.
20. States, April 5, 1859; Inquirer, April 6, 1859.
21. New York Times, April 6, 1859.
22. Evening Journal, April 6, 1859; Union, April 6, 1859.
23. London Daily News, April 20, 1859.
24. New York Times, April 7, 1859.
25. New York Times, April 7, 1859.
26. Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, April 11,1859.
27. New York Times, April 7, 1859.
28. Star, April 7, 1859. This was sharply at odds with what the New York Times reported. The Star attributes this to the prosecution digging into the reasons behind a juror’s expression of bias, without similar follow-up from the defense; New York Times, April 7, 1859.
29. New York Times, April 7, 1859.
30. Herald, April 8, 1859.
31. Herald, April 11, 1859.
CHAPTER 30
1. States, April 8, 1859; New York Times, April 7, 1859; New York Times, March 15, 1859; Inquirer, April 9, 1859.
2. Post, April 7, 1859.
3. Post, April 7, 1859.
4. New York Times, April 8, 1859.
5. The transcript of the trial of Daniel Sickles (Trial) was prepared by Fleix Gregory De Fontaine and published by R. M. De Witt (New York: 1859). Unless otherwise specified, descriptions of events during the trial can be found in this transcript; New York Times, April 8, 1859.
6. New York Times, March 15, 1859; Press, April 8, 1859; New York Times, April 6, 1859.
7. Tribune, April 9, 1859.
8. Salem Register, April 21, 1859.
CHAPTER 31
1. Columbian Register (New Haven), April 23, 1859.
2. Boston Evening Transcript, April 11, 1859.
3. Star, April 8, 1859.
4. New York Times, April 9, 1859.
CHAPTER 32
1. Herald, December 25, 1844; National Police Gazette, March 3, 1849.
2. Sun, March 13, 1849.
3. Albany Law Journal, v. 49, p. 260; New York Sunday Times, reprinted in The Musical World, 29:58.
4. New York Evangelist, November 14, 1850.
5. Coos Republican (Lancaster, NH), December 1, 1857; Irish American Weekly (New York), November 20, 1858; Weekly Herald, December 26, 1857; American State Trials, 12:498.
6. Boston Journal, April 9, 1859.
7. Tribune, April 12, 1859; Sun April 11, 1859.
8. Boston Journal, April 23, 1859.
9. Plain Dealer, April 13, 1859.
CHAPTER 33
1. Paul Barron Watson, Marcus Aurelius Antonious (Los Angeles: Hard Press, 2012), 76–78.
2. LaRue Munson, “Insanity as a Defence in Criminal Cases,” American Law Register, v. 25, no. 8, 449–55; Roberty Aitken and Marilyn Aitken, “The M’Naughten Case: The Queen was Not Amused,” Litigation, v. 36, number 4, Requirements, Relations, Representations (Summer 2010), pp. 53-56; Richard Moran, “The Founding for the Insanity Defense: The Cases of James Hadfield and Daniel M’Naughtan,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 477, the Insanity Defense (Jan. 1985), 31–42.
CHAPTER 34
1. Daily Confederation, 1859.
2. Philadelphia Inquirer, 1859.
3. Post, 1859.
4. Cleveland Plain Dealer, February 7, 1859; Evening Star, January 19, 1859.
5. Evening Star, February 9, 1859.
6. Trial, 39.
7. Trial, 39.
8. Atlas and Daily Bee, April 5, 1859.
CHAPTER 35
1. Albany Journal, April 11, 1859.
2. Albany Journal, April 13, 1859.
3. Paul Wylie, The Irish General; The Greatest Brigade (Oklahoma City: University of Oklahoma Press, 2011); Thomas Craughwell, The Greatest Brigade (Beverly, MA: Fair Winds, 2011).
4. New York Times, April 15, 1859.
5. Spy, April 13, 1859.
6. States, March 26, 1859; Tribune, April 13, 1859.
7. Alexandria Gazette, April 13, 1859.
8. Alexandria Gazette, April 13, 1859.
CHAPTER 36
1. New York Times, April 14, 1859.
2. New York Times, April 15, 1859.
3. New York Times, April 18, 1859.
4. Star, April 19, 1859; New York Times, April 18, 1859.
5. Boston Journal, 1859.
&nb
sp; 6. New York Times, 1859.
7. Diary of Laura Crawford Jones (Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.).
8. Papers of Jefferson Davis, 244.
9. Press, April 14, 1859; Star, April 13, 1859.
10. Press, April 14, 1859.
CHAPTER 37
1. New York Times, April 13, 1859.
2. Trial, 48, 51.
3. Horatio King, “My Recollections of War Times,” Blue and Gray: The Patriotic American Magazine, vol. 2, p. 290.
4. Trial, 51.
5. Cincinnati Daily Commercial, March 1, 1859.
CHAPTER 38.
1. Trial, 58.
CHAPTER 39
1. Independent Democrat, Concord (NH), April 17, 1859.
2. New York Times, April 18, 1859.
3. New York Times, April 19, 1859.
4. Trial, 70.
5. Henry Clay Whitney, Life on the Circuit with Lincoln (Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1892), 183.
6. www.thelincolnlog.org, April, 1859; lawpracticeofabrahamlincoln.org, Champagne County v. West Urbana, Illinois; People v. Patterson. Travis Lewin and Tyler Hite, “Lincoln’s Second to Last Murder Case: People v. Patterson,” American Bar Association, www.americanbar.org.
CHAPTER 40
1. Worcester Palladium (Mass.), April 20, 1859.
2. Trial, 70
3. “Center Market’s Chaotic Exuberance,” http://www.streetsofwashington.com/2010/05/center-markets-chaotic-exuberance.html.
CHAPTER 41
1. Boston Recorder, 1859.
2. Correspondence of Benjamin Perley Poore to the Boston Journal, reprinted in the Maine Rural, May 7, 1859.
3. Evening Press, Providence (Rhode Island), April 20, 1859.
