Our Black Year
Page 33
Web research sources
See also Business directories
Weems, Robert E., Jr.
Welcome Inn Manor
Wellesley
Wells, Ida B.
Wells Street
West, Cornel
West, Kanye
West Side
Whale Fish & Chicken
Whip (newspaper)
“White flight,”
White House Briefing to Community Leaders
White House Office of Public Engagement
“White Life,”
White, Lydia
Whites
anger from
Blacks lagging behind, despite gains following civil rights era
business loan rejection rates for
as business owners
closure rate for businesses owned by
cluelessness of
competition from
distance between Blacks and, narrowing
economic oppression by, cooperatives resulting from
educating, as holders of capital
efforts by, historically, to drive Blacks out of their trades
encouraging e-mails from
as farmers
fear among
gentrification and
household median net worth
judgments by
lynchings by, of Black businesspeople
money circulation and
negative online comments from
neighborhoods for
offending, fear of
as physicians
relocation of, unlikelihood of
rural, fundamental problem in communities of
speaking to crowds comprised mostly of
stores for
view of race and class held by
warped Black pride and
wealth of
See also specific White-owned businesses
Whole Foods
Williams College
Williamsburg Colored School
WilliWearLimited
Wilson, William Julius
Winberie’s restaurant
WineStyles franchise
Winfrey, Oprah
Woods Grocery
Woolworth’s
World War II
Wright, Jeremiah
Wright, Richard
WVON (radio station)
Yucaipa Johnson
Zimbabwe
Maggie Anderson is CEO and cofounder, along with her husband, of The Empowerment Experiment and The Empowerment Experiment Foundation. Since the completion of the Andersons’ landmark experiment, Maggie has become the leader of a self-help economics movement that brings together business owners, consumers, corporations, and professional and activist groups to make sure more quality Black-owned businesses get supported—as stand-alone entities and as suppliers, vendors, and franchises. A sought-after speaker, she is the new voice of “conscious consumerism,” representing American consumers of all backgrounds who want to make sure their buying power positively impacts struggling communities. She has appeared on CNN, MSNBC, Fox News, and CBS Morning News as well as many other national television and radio shows. She received her BA from Emory University and her JD and MBA from the University of Chicago. She lives in Oak Park, Illinois, with her husband, John, and their two daughters.
Ted Gregory is a Pulitzer Prize–winning reporter for the Chicago Tribune.
PublicAffairs is a publishing house founded in 1997. It is a tribute to the standards, values, and flair of three persons who have served as mentors to countless reporters, writers, editors, and book people of all kinds, including me.
I.F. STONE, proprietor of I. F. Stone’s Weekly, combined a commitment to the First Amendment with entrepreneurial zeal and reporting skill and became one of the great independent journalists in American history. At the age of eighty, Izzy published The Trial of Socrates, which was a national bestseller. He wrote the book after he taught himself ancient Greek.
BENJAMIN C. BRADLEE was for nearly thirty years the charismatic editorial leader of The Washington Post. It was Ben who gave the Post the range and courage to pursue such historic issues as Watergate. He supported his reporters with a tenacity that made them fearless and it is no accident that so many became authors of influential, best-selling books.
ROBERT L. BERNSTEIN, the chief executive of Random House for more than a quarter century, guided one of the nation’s premier publishing houses. Bob was personally responsible for many books of political dissent and argument that challenged tyranny around the globe. He is also the founder and longtime chair of Human Rights Watch, one of the most respected human rights organizations in the world.
For fifty years, the banner of Public Affairs Press was carried by its owner Morris B. Schnapper , who published Gandhi, Nasser, Toynbee, Truman, and about 1,500 other authors. In 1983, Schnapper was described by The Washington Post as “a redoubtable gadfly.” His legacy will endure in the books to come.
Peter Osnos, Founder and Editor-at-Large
1 See Appendix 1 for full list.
2 Claud Anderson, Powernomics: The National Plan to Empower Black America (Bethesda, MD: PowerNomics Corporation of America, 2001), p. 143.
3 Selig Center for Economic Growth, The Multicultural Economy (Terry College of Business, University of Georgia, Athens: Selig Center for Economic Growth, 2008).
4 US Census Bureau, 2008.
See complete calculations in Appendix 6.
In the calculations, the percentage spent for Black households with $100,000 or more were calculated based on a ceiling of $100,000, so the potential dollar amount is larger than depicted here.
5 $14B was calculated based on 2008 Census projections, taking into account income bands and population of Black households with after-tax income of more than $75,000.
6 We used Subway because it is one of the easiest and most economical franchises to start. See http://www.subway.com/StudentGuide/facts_figures.htm.
7 Id.
8 See http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/index.aspx.
9 Each Subway store employs 2–3 full-time employees and 6–10 part-time employees. See http://www.subway.com/StudentGuide/facts_figures.htm.
10 Selig Center for Economic Growth. (2008). The Multicultural Economy. Terry College of Business, University of Georgia. Athens: Selig Center for Economic Growth.
11 World Bank Statistics, 2008. See http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP_PPP.pdf.
12 Selig Center for Economic Growth. (2008). The Multicultural Economy. Terry College of Business, University of Georgia. Athens: Selig Center for Economic Growth.
13 See Appendix 7 regarding number of black retail businesses.
14 Mitchell, Chip. “Storm Gathers Over Chicago Retail Property.” Chicago Public Radio 17 Aug. 2009.
15 Sarmah, Satta. “Business Matters: Sustaining Growth in Pilsen, Garfield Park.” Medill Reports 14 Nov. 2007.
16 Jessie Carney Smith, Millicent Lownes Jackson, Linda T. Wynn, “The Encyclopedia of African-American Business” 353-54, Greenwood Press 2006.
17 Id. at 354.
18 Id.
19 Id. at 354 (quoting James Clingman).
20 Hocker, Cliff, “A $16 Million Win for the Little Guy: Grocery Store Owner Defeats Major Wholesaler.” Black Enterprise, September 2007. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1365/is_2_38/ai_n20511343/.
21 Community Pride was eventually awarded a $16 M jury verdict against its supplier for forcing Community Pride into bad deals and failing to appropriately supply Community Pride with sellable merchandise. Id.
22 Reported by Lisa Benson, “Woman Vows to Only Shop at Black-owned Stores.” 2/28/2010. http://www.nbcactionnews.com/news/local/story/Woman-Vows-to-Only-Shop-at-Black-Owned-Stores/iIPO-DBzu0-0hEA_9SJHwQ.cspx.
23 “Black-Owned Business Firms: 2002.” 2002 Economic Census August 2006.
24 “Food and Beverage Stores: 2002.” 2002 Economic Census September 2004.
25 McKinnon
, Jesse. “The Black Population in the United States: March 2002.” April 2003.
26 Selig Center for Economic Growth. (2008). The Multicultural Economy. Terry College of Business, University of Georgia. Athens: Selig Center for Economic Growth.
27 Timothy Bates. (2006). The Urban Development Potential of Black-Owned Businesses. American Planning Association. Journal of the American Planning Association, 72(2), 227-237. Retrieved March 18, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global.
28 Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH U.S.): Finding Solutions to Health Disparities: At A Glance 2009. http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/AAG/reach.htm
Copyright © 2012 by Maggie Anderson and Ted Gregory. Published in the United States by PublicAffairs™, a Member of the Perseus Books Group
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“The Empowerment Experiment: The Findings and Potential Impact on Black-Owned Businesses” (© 2010 Dwetri Addy et al.) reprinted with permission of the study’s authors.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Anderson, Maggie.
Our black year : one family’s quest to buy Black in America’s racially divided economy / Maggie Anderson with Ted Gregory. p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
eISBN : 978-1-610-39025-5
1. African American business enterprises. 2. African Americans—Economic conditions. 3. Consumer behavior. 4. United States—Race relations. I. Gregory, Ted. II. Title.
HD2358.5.U6A53 2012
330.9730089’96073—dc23
2011040609