by John Hall
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*Hutton, Ronald, The Rise and Fall of Merry England: The Ritual Year, 1400-1700, Oxford University Press, 1994.
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*Nicholl, Charles, The Reckoning: The Murder of Christopher Marlowe, Jonathan Cape, 1992; The Lodger: Shakespeare on Silver Street, Allen Lane, 2007.
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Articles, Guides And Papers
Adams, Canon John H., Theodore Palaeologus, Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall, Vol. VI, new series, 1971; Landulph Church, Billing and Sons, Guildford, no date; Theodore Palaeologus and his Family, typescript, no date.
Alabaster, John S., The Alabaster Chronicle, Journal of the Alabaster Society, No. 21, 2003; No 26, 2006.
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Avery, Tracey, Tattershall Castle, The National Trust, 1997.
Badham, Sally, The Monumental Brasses of the Collegiate Church of the Holy Trinity, Tattershall, Tattershall Parochial Church Council, 2004.
Barrett, Andrew Mark, A History of the Ancient Parish Church
of St Leonard and St Dilph, Landulph, privately printed, 2000.
Bierbrier, M.L., The Palaeologus Family: Fact and Fiction, The Genealogist 9, 1988.
Bradfield, Henry, The Last of the Greeks; or, Ferdinando Paleologus, Gentlemen’s Magazine, Vol 19, 1843.
Chambers, W. and R. (ed), The Last of the Palaeologi, Chambers’ Edinburgh Journal, new series No. 419, 1852.
Cope-Faulkner, Paul, Sempringham: Village to Priory to Mansion, English Heritage, 2011.
Davison, Frank and Dorothy, A Guide to St John’s Parish Church, Cole’s Printery, Barbados, 2006.
Done, Roy (updated by Dudley, John), A Guide to the Collegiate Church of the Holy Trinity of Tattershall, Lincolnshire, Tattershall Parochial Church Council, 2005.
Harris, Jonathan, A worthless prince? Andreas Palaeologos in Rome 1464-1502, internet article (Hellenic Institute, Royal Holloway University of London). (https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk)
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Isom-Verhaaren, Christine, Shifting Identities: foreign state servants in France and the Ottoman Empire, Journal of Early Modern History, Vol. 8, 2004.
Jago Arundell, Revd F.V., Some Notices on Landulph Church, 1840.
Mallat, Peter, The Palaiologos Family after 1453: the destiny of an imperial family, The Genealogist 2, 1981; A Famous ‘Emperor in Exile’: Thomas Palaiologos and his descendants, The Genealogist 6, 1985.
Ronchey, Silvia, Orthodoxy on Sale: the Last Byzantine and the Lost Crusade, internet article (University of Siena).
Round, Stonehouse and Woodward, St James, Spilsby: History and Guide, 2010.
Towson, John Thomas, A Visit to the Tomb of Theodoro Paleologus, Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, May 1857.
Williams, Sally, Grimsthorpe Castle, Grimsthorpe Castle and Drummond Castle Trust, revised edition 2003.
Wilson, Heath (trans), The Manuscripts of Henry Duncan Skrine: Salvetti Correspondence, Historical Manuscripts Commission, 11th Report, Appendix, Part 1, 1887.
Some Works of Fiction Concerning the Paleologi
of Cornwall
Drake, Nathan, ‘Mary of Hadleigh’, a ballad printed in Winter Nights or Fireside Lucubrations, Longman, Rees, Orme and Brown, London, 1820.
Drury, Lt Col W.P., The Emperor’s Ring, short story adapted from his play of the same name, in All the King’s Men, Rich and Cowan, 1933.
Goddard, Robert, Days without Number, Bantam Press, 2003.
Harrison, M. John, The Course of the Heart, Gollancz, 1992.
Quiller Couch, Sir Arthur, The Mystery of Joseph Laquedem, novella published in Old Fires and Profitable Ghosts, Scribner’s, London, 1900; Sir John Constantine, Smith, Elder, London, 1906.
Stevenson, Jane, The Pretender, Jonathan Cape, 2002; The Empress of the Last Days, Houghton Mifflin, Boston and New York, 2004.
Picture Credits
Illustration 1 with thanks to Father Gregory Palamas Carpenter;
2 (doc. Cod.Oliv. ms 641-2) with thanks to the Oliveriani Library, Pesaro;
3 with thanks to Andrew Barrett;
5 by permission of the Dean and Canons of Windsor;
9 by courtesy of the National Gallery of Ireland;
13 by kind permission of the Grimsthorpe and Drummond Castle Trust;
14 by kind permission of the Burghley House Trust;
15 (doc. SP16/96 371423) by permission of the National Archives;
17 copyright of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster.
Photographs 6, 7, 8, 16, 18 and 19 are with thanks to Lilian Hall;
4, 10, 11, 12 and 20 from the author’s collection.
Plates
1. Archbishop Gregorios, head of the Orthodox Church in Britain, officiates at a service in remembrance of Theodore Paleologus at his grave in Cornwall. The Paleologus brass on the wall is draped in the Greek colours of blue and white for the ceremony.
2. Preamble to the 1578 legal judgement given against Leonidas Paleologus and his gang after they barricaded themselves inside a church to thwart pursuers. Leonidas, Theodore’s uncle, was later executed for attempted murder but the youthful nephew escaped with a sentence of exile.
3. Cleric turned detective Canon John Adams was the first researcher to expose the murderous proclivities of Paleologus. The long-serving rector wrote of his regret over the secret life of Landulph’s famous parishioner.
4. Maurice of Nassau succeeded as commander of the armed forces in the Low Countries when a double agent assassinated his father William the Silent, the first head of state to be murdered with a handgun. Paleologus wrote of shedding his blood under Prince Maurice’s banner. A contemporary engraving of the Dutch hero.
5. Henry Clinton, second Earl of Lincoln, seen here as a mourner on his father’s tomb at Windsor. Lincoln was feared and loathed by family, tenants and neighbours alike; his son-in-law claimed his wickedness was ‘not amongst the heathens to be matched’. The earl employed Paleologus at the height of his marathon vendetta against the Dymoke family.
6. The great tower of Tattershall Castle, the Earl of Lincoln’s seat in Lincolnshire, was home to Theodore Paleologus for more than sixteen years. Here he acted as gaoler to the countess who had ‘just cause hourly to fear the cutting of her throat’.
7. Viewed from the castle battlements, the Church of the Holy Trinity at Tattershall and the churchyard desecrated by the earl to enlarge his moat. On the right is the site of the tilting ground where Paleologus instructed the young John Smith in the military arts.
8. The armorial achievement of the second Earl of Lincoln impaling the Hastings arms of his first wife and supported by the heraldic greyhounds of the Clintons. Stained-glass windows depicting the arms of Tattershall’s owners were commissioned when the castle was saved from demolition in 1911.
9. Praised as ‘brass without, but gold within’, the colonist John Smith pictured on an early map of New England. An eager pupil of Theodore Paleologus in his youth, Smith rode off from Tattershall Castle to fight the Turks. He later wrote of his sorrow that Christians continued to fight among themselves as Islam spread deeper into Europe.
10. ‘The Fair Geraldine’, widow of the first Earl of Lincoln and hated stepmother of the second earl. The pair fought ferociously over a will which had been carefully worded to shield the dowager countess’s inheritance from her rapacious stepson.
11. Captain John Smith in one of the three epic fights against Muslim champions from which he emerged victorious. The heavily armoured combatants are identified by cross and crescent in this engraving from the earliest illustrated edition of Smith’s autobiographical True Travels.
12. The humiliating end of Smith’s crusading adventures in another engraving from the True Travels. Taken prisoner by the Ottomans, he is delivered up to a military commander who sends him on to Constantinople as a gift to his mistress. Note the contemporary rendering of the Turkish titles dragoman and pasha.
13. Peregrine, Lord Willoughby de Eresby, commander-in-chief of Queen Elizabeth’s army in the Low Countries. A personal friend of Prince Maurice of Nassau, Willoughby would have been aware of Paleologus’s potential usefulness to his embattled neighbour the Earl of Lincoln. This allegorical portrait at Grimsthorpe Castle is heavy with references to the rigours of a warrior’s life.
14. The most powerful man in England after the downfall of Essex, Sir Robert Cecil was horrified when the Earl of Lincoln’s retainers insulted Queen Elizabeth. Paleologus had earlier been reported to Cecil as ‘a man that hath done divers murders’ abroad before fleeing to England.
15. The only known signature of Theodore Paleologus, on a letter sent to the Duke of Buckingham shortly before his assassination. A leading authority on handwriting has described Paleologus as ‘a calligrapher of some note’. The seal on the letter bears faint traces of the double-headed eagle.
16. The memorial brass in Landulph Church is at the heart of the legend of Theodore Paleologus. The twin towers on this
unique version of the imperial eagle are believed to represent Rome and Constantinople, but the crescent on the shield remains an enigma.
17. The simple gravestone of Theodore II at Westminster. He was one of only a handful of parliamentarians buried in the abbey who were not dug up by vengeful royalists at the Restoration.
18. The author at the tomb of Ferdinand Paleologus in Barbados. A previous visitor to the churchyard, the Cuban author Alejo Carpentier, pioneered the Magic Realism genre after reflecting that if the heir to the Byzantine emperors could end up as a Church of England vestryman on a Caribbean island, life was much queerer than people realised.
19. St John’s church, admired by Evelyn Waugh on his visit to the Paleologus tomb, is surrounded by the vaults of planters who made Barbados the richest colony of the early British Empire. Ferdinand’s plantation was less than a mile from the church.
20. A detail of Philip Lea’s map of Barbados showing sugar plantations along the east coast. The Paleologus property is below the word ‘Topp’, and has a pineapple plant drawn immediately above it and symbols for a windmill and cattle mill to the right. First published in the 1670s, the map was still being printed in Georgian times with the same title ‘A New Map of the Island of Barbadoes’ and the owners’ names unchanged.
Front cover image: Shutterstock
Copyright
First published in 2015
The History Press
The Mill, Brimscombe Port
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