2. Philip Graves later asserted that Lawrence could himself perform this act. It is picture which smacks more of red Indians or the heroic world of Malory than of Arabia Deserta. The average camel stands about six feet at the shoulder, and perhaps nine feet at the withers. For a man to ‘leap into the saddle’ one-handed would require something more than the ability of an Olympic high-jump champion. More probably, ‘Ali mounted his camel by stepping on the animal’s neck and swarming on to its withers – a customary way of mounting, yet one so ungainly and vulnerable in its lack of control as to be scarcely worthy of the expression ‘leaping into the saddle’.
3. SPW, 1935, p. 397.
4. ibid., p. 415.
5. Garnett Letters, p. 239.
6. SPW, 1935, p. 545.
7. ibid.
8. ibid.
9. SPW, 1935, p. 454.
10. ibid., p. 456.
11. ibid.
12. Brown Letters, p. 166.
13. Friends, p. 124.
14. SPW, 1935, pp. 445–8.
15. Brown Letters, p, 132.
16. Mack, Prince, p. 233.
17. Wilson, Authorised, p. 1084.
18. Friends, p. 124.
19. It is, of course, possible, that both the Artillery and Khalfati incidents were mere figments of Lawrence’s masochistic fantasy also – no independent corroboration exists for either.
20. SPW, Oxford text, p. 38.
21. British Library, Add MSS., 45903, Charlotte Shaw Letters.
22. SPW, 1935, p. 581.
23. Cowan, Masochism, p. 248.
24. Brown Letters, p. 299.
25. See Lockman, Scattered Tracks, pp. 139ff.
26. ibid.
27. H. Montgomery-Hyde, Solitary in the Ranks – Lawrence of Arabia as Airman and Private Soldier, London, 1977, p. 40.
28. Wilson, Authorised, p. 1084.
29. SPW, Oxford text, 1926, p. 78.
30. Winterton recalled that Lawrence’s bodyguard consisted of about sixty men during the Dara’a operation, but it may be that Lawrence’s own guard was combined with Sharif Nasir’s larger ‘Agayl bodyguard at this point, or that Winterton’s memory was influenced by SPW. In any case, if Lawrence’s bodyguard exceeded the fifteen or so listed in his diary as having been paid, presumably the extra hands worked for him for nothing!
31. Wilson, Authorised, p. 1084.
32. SPW, 1935, p. 28.
33. MS. Res., 55/2.
34. Friends, p. 147.
18. The Most Ghastly Material to Build into a Design
1. PRO, 882/4 251.
2. Falls, Cyril, et al., Military Operations in Egypt and Palestine, Vol. 1, 1928, Parts 1 and 2 (Official War History), p. 404.
3. SPW, 1935, p. 492.
4. Brown Letters, p. 434.
5. ibid., p. 435.
6. LH, p. 105.
7. ibid.
8. RG, p. 97.
9. Brown Letters, p. 434.
10. PRO FO, 882/4.
11. SPW, Oxford text, 1926, p. 99.
12. S. C. Rolls, Steel Chariots in the Desert, London, 1937, p. 221.
13. SPW, 1935, p. 535.
14. Brown Letters, p. 260.
15. Rolls, Steel Chariots, p. 230.
16. SPW, 1935, p. 499.
19. My Dreams Puffed out Like Candles in the Strong Wind of Success
1. SPW, 1935, p. 653.
2. Hubert Young, The Independent Arab, London, 1933, p. 142.
3. ibid., p. 203.
4. SPW, 1935, p. 555.
5. Young, The Independent Arab, p. 199.
6. ibid.
7. SPW, 1935, p. 543.
8. Young, The Independent Arab, p. 211.
9. Knightley and Simpson, Secret Lives, p. 162.
10. Young, The Independent Arab, p. 219.
11. Rolls, Steel Chariots in the Desert, p. 264.
12. ibid., p. 288.
13. SPW, 1935, p. 620.
14. Young, The Independent Arab, p. 228.
15. SPW, 1935, p. 620.
16. Lord Winterton, ‘Arabian Nights and Days’, Blackwood’s Magazine, 207 (1920), p. 754.
17. Lord Winterton, Fifty Tumultuous Years, 1955, p. 70.
18. ibid.
19. SPW, 1935, p. 653.
20. ibid., p. 654.
21. Richards, A Portrait of T. E. Lawrence, p. 97.
22. Mack, Prince, p. 239.
23. Peake evidently believed, probably incorrectly, that all these Bedu belonged to Lawrence’s bodyguard. (See ch. 17, n. 30.)
24. ibid.
25. Lord Birdwood, Nuri As Said. A Study in Arab Leadership, London, 1959, p. 199.
26. Kirkbride to Liddell Hart, 8 November 1962 in MS. Res., b. 56.
27. Mack, Prince, p. 239.
28. George Staples, interviewed in the Toronto Telegraph, 31 January 1963. Staples’s testimony has been challenged. Lawrence himself says that he rode in search of Barrow with only his lieutenant Ahmad az-Za’aqi.
29. SPW, 1935, p. 657.
30. SPW, 1935, p. 660.
31. SPW, 1935, p. 662.
32. ibid., p. 666.
33. W. F. Stirling, ‘Tales of Lawrence of Arabia’, pp. 494ff.
34. Brown Letters, p. 275.
35. ibid.
36. SPW, 1935, p. 682.
37. ibid., p. 659.
20. Colonel Lawrence Still Goes On; Only I Have Stepped Out of the Way
1. Young, The Independent Arab, p. 142.
2. LH, 20 May 1935.
3. Wilson, Authorised, p. 603.
4. Wilson, Authorised, p. 620.
5. RG, p. 36.
6. Brown Letters, p. 332.
7. Wilson, Authorised, p. 630.
8. Friends, p. 245.
9. ibid., p. 199.
10. Brown Letters, p. 223.
11. ibid., p. 219.
12. Orlans, Lawrence of Arabia, p. 26.
13. Brown Letters, p. 172.
14. Friends, p. 208.
15. ibid., p. 214.
16. ibid.
17. ibid.
18. Aldington, Lawrence of Arabia.
19. SPW, 1935, p. 580.
20. Cowan, Masochism, p. 124.
21. RG, p. 20.
22. Mack, Prince, p. 525.
23. Friends, p. 197.
24. SPW, 1935, p. 276.
25. Antonius, The Arab Awakening, p. 319.
21. In Speed We Hurl Ourselves Beyond the Body
1. J. N. Lockman reports having read Lawrence’s RAF medical record, and though this was not available for publication concludes that the evidence suggests his scars were voluntarily acquired after the war. Lockman discounts Johns’s later testimony to the Sunday Times, 1968. See Lockman, Scattered Tracks, pp. 139ff.
2. Montgomery-Hyde, Solitary in the Ranks, p. 52.
3. RG, p. 97.
4. Montgomery-Hyde, Solitary in the Ranks, p. 48.
5. Garnett Letters, p. 379.
6. British Library, Add. Mss. 45903, Charlotte Shaw Letters.
7. Brown Letters, p. 221.
8. Garnett Letters, p. 379.
9. Friends, p. 379.
10. Brown Letters, p. 210.
11. ibid., p. 216.
12. ibid., p. 215.
13. Wilson, Authorised, p. 687.
14. Garnett Letters, p. 375.
15. Brown Letters, p. 209.
16. Montgomery-Hyde, Solitary in the Ranks, p. 48.
17. John Bruce, sworn testimony, Knightley and Simpson Papers, Imperial War Museum, p. 17.
18. ibid.
19. Wilson, Authorised, p. 704.
20. Bruce, sworn testimony, p. 17.
21. Knighdey and Simpson, Secret Lives, p. 193.
22. ibid., p. 194.
23. Mack, Prince, p. 525.
24. John Bruce, sworn testimony, p. 74.
25. Mack, Prince, p. 525.
26. Bruce, sworn testimony.
27. Brown Letters, p. 488.
28. ibid., p. 462.
29. ibid., p. 468.
31. Brown Letters, p. 408.
32. ibid., p. 486.
33. Brown Letters, p. 526.
34. ibid., p. 537.
35. ibid., p. 486.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Archives
The Bodleian Library, Oxford: Reserve Manuscript Collection (embargoed material on T. E. Lawrence).
The National Library of Scotland, Manuscripts Collection: Various files, rare books and manuscripts.
The Public Record Office, Kew: Foreign Office and War Office Files; Arab Bureau Files; Intelligence Files.
The British Library Additional Manuscripts Collection: Robertson–McMahon Correspondence; T. E. Lawrence – Letters to Charlotte Shaw; T. E. Lawrence – War Diaries and Pocket Diaries.
King’s College, University of London, Basil Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives: Joyce Pierce Akaba Papers.
Imperial War Museum, London: Knightley and Simpson Papers.
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Abdallah, King of Jordan, Memoirs, ed. Philip Graves, London, 1950.
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Bedarida, François, A Social History of England 1851–1975, London, 1979.
Bell, Lady (ed.), The Letters of Gertrude Bell, 2 vols., London, 1927.
Ben Yusuf, Ofer, and Khazanov, Anatoly, Pastoralism in the Levant, 1992.
Berne, Eric, Games People Play – The Psychology of Human Relationships, New York, 1964.
Betjeman, John, and Vaisey, D., Victorian and Edwardian Oxford, Oxford, 1971.
Birdwood, Lord, Nuri As Said. A Study in Arab Leadership, London, 1959.
Blackmore, Charles, In the Footsteps of Lawrence of Arabia, London, 1986.
Blunt, Lady Anne, Bedouin Tribes of the Euphrates, 2 vols., London, 1879.
Bray, N. N. E., Shifting Sands, London, 1934.
Brill, E. J., Mecca and the Tribes of Arabia – Some Notes on Their Relations in Society and Religion from jahiliyya to Islam, ed. M. J. Kister, London, 1990.
Brown, Malcolm, A Touch of Genius – the Life of T. E. Lawrence, Oxford, 1988.
Bullock, David L., Allenby’s War – The Palestinian-Arabian Campaign 1916–18, London, 1987.
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Burckhardt, J. L., Notes on the Bedouins and Wahhabys, 2 vols, London, 1830.
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Charmley, John, Lord Lloyd and the Decline of the British Empire, London, 1987.
Clayton, Gilbert, An Arabian Diary, London, 1969.
Cowan, Lyn, New Ways in Psychoanalysis, New York, 1966.
Cowan, Lyn, Masochism – A Jungian View, Texas, 1982.
Dejmal, A., Memories of a Turkish Statesman 1915–1919, London, 1922.
Donner, Fred McGraw, The Early Islamic Conquests, Princeton, 1981.
Doughty, Charles M., Travels in Arabia Deserta, 2 vols., Cambridge, 1888.
Ellis, Havelock, Psychology of Sex, New York, 1933.
Eph’al, Israel, The Ancient Arabs – Nomads on the Borders of the Fertile Crescent 9th–5th Centuries BC, London, 1982.
Facey, William, and Grant, Gillian, Saudi-Arabia – The First Photographers, London, 1996.
Falls, Cyril, et al., Military Operations in Egypt and Palestine, Vol. 1, 1928, Parts 1 and 2 (Official War History).
Foucault, Michel, History of Sexuality, London, 1975.
Glen, Douglas, In the Steps of T. E. Lawrence, London, 1934.
Glubb, John Bagot, The Great Arab Conquests, London, 1963.
Graves, Robert, Lawrence and the Arabs, London, 1927.
Graves, Robert, T. E. Lawrence to His Biographer Robert Graves, London, 1938.
Gurney, O. R., The Hittites, London, 1972.
Herbert A., Mons, Anzac and Kut, London, 1919.
Hitti, Philip, A History of the Arabs, New York, 1937.
Hogarth, David G., ‘War and Discovery in Arabia’, Geographical Journal, March 1920.
James, Lawrence, Imperial Warrior – Life and Times of Sir Edmund Allenby, London, 1993
James, Lawrence, The Golden Warrior – The Life and Legend of Lawrence of Arabia, revised edn, London, 1995.
Jarvis, C. S., Yesterday and Today in Sinai, London, 1941.
Kedourie, Elie, In the Anglo-Arabian Labyrinth – the McMahon–Husayn Correspondence and Its Interpretations 1914–1939, Cambridge, 1976.
Kirkbride, Alec, A Crackle of Thorns, London, 1956.
Kirkbride, Alec, An Awakening, London, 1971.
Knightley, Philip, and Simpson, Colin, The Secret Lives of Lawrence of Arabia, London, 1969.
Knowles, Pat, A Handful with Quietness, London, 1992.
Kressenstein, K. von, ‘The Campaign in Palestine from the Enemy Side’, Journal of the Royal Society Institute, Vol. 67, 1922.
Lancaster, William, The Rwala Bedouin Today, Cambridge, 1981.
Lawrence, A. W. (ed.), T. E. Lawrence by His Friends, London, 1938.
Lawrence, T. E., The Seven Pillars of Wisdom, Oxford text (limited edition), London, 1926.
Lawrence, T. E., The Seven Pillars of Wisdom, London, 1935.
Lawrence, T. E., Crusader Castles, London, 1936.
Lawrence, T. E., The Mint, London, 1936.
Lawrence, T. E., The Letters of T. E. Lawrence, ed. Edward Garnett, London, 1938.
Lawrence, T. E., et al., The Home Letters of T. E. Lawrence and his Brothers, ed. M. R. Lawrence, Oxford, 1954.
Lawrence, T. E., Fifty Letters 1920–1935, Texas, 1962.
Lawrence, T. E., Letters to E. T. Leeds, ed. Jeremy Wilson, London, 1988.
Lawrence, T. E., The Letters of T. E. Lawrence, ed. Malcolm Brown, Oxford, 1991.
Lawrence, T. E., Secret Despatches from Arabia, ed. Malcolm Brown, London, 1991.
Lawrence, T. E., and Woolley, L., The Wilderness of Zinn, London, 1915.
Layard, Austin, Nineveh and Its Remains, London, 1848–9.
Layard, Austin, The Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon, London, 1853.
Lewis, Norman N., Nomads and Settlers in Syria and Jordan 1800–1980, Cambridge, 1987.
Lewis, R., Everyday Life in Ottoman Turkey, London, 1971.
Liddell Hart, Basil, T. E. Lawrence: in Arabia and After, London, 1934.
Liddell Hart, Basil, T. E. Lawrence to His Biographer Liddell Hart, London, 1938.
Lockman, J. N., Scattered Tracks on the Lawrence Trail –12 Essays on T. E. Lawrence, Michigan, 1996.
Lonnroth, Eric, Lawrence of Arabia, An Historical Appreciation, London, 1956.
Lowe, Gordon R., The Growth of Personality, London, 1972.
Mack, John, A Prince of Our Disorder – The Life of T. E. Lawrence, London, 1976.
Marriot, Paul, The Young Lawrence of Arabia 1888–1910, Oxford, 1977.
Marriot, Paul, and Argent, Yvonne, The Last Days of T. E. Lawrence, London, 1996
Mauger, Thierry, The Bedouins of Arabia, London, 1988.
McCarthy, Fiona, William Morris – A Life for Our Times, London, 1991.
Meeker, Michael, Literature and Violence in North Arabia, Cambridge, 1979.
Meinerzhagen, Richard, Middle East Diary 1917–1956, London, 1959.
Meyers, Jeffrey, ‘T. E. Lawrence and Seven Pillars of Wisdom’ in Homosexuality in Literature 1890–1930, New York, 1987.
Meyers, Jeffrey, The Wounded Spirit – T. E. Lawrence’s Seven Pillars of Wisdom, New York, 1989.<
br />
Meyers, Jeffrey (ed.), T. E. Lawrence: Soldier, Writer, Legend, London, 1989.
Miller, James, The Passion of Michel Foucault, New York, 1993.
Montgomery-Hyde, H., Solitary in the Ranks – Lawrence of Arabia as Airman and Private Soldier, London, 1977.
Morris, James, The Hashemite Kings, London, 1959.
Morris, James, Farewell The Trumpets – An Imperial Retreat, London, 1978.
Morris, Jan, Oxford, London, 1965; Oxford 1978.
Mousa, Suleiman, T. E. Lawrence – An Arab View, trans. Albert Butros, London, 1966.
Musil, Alois, The North of Hegaz – A Preliminary Report of the Exploring Expedition of 1910, PRO FO 882/1–3, 1916.
Musil, Alois, The Northern Hegaz, New York, 1926.
Musil, Alois, The Manners and Customs of the Rwala Bedouins, New York, 1928.
Neville, R. G., and Sloggett, T., Oxford as it Was, Oxford, 1979.
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Ocampo, Victoria, 338171 ‘T. E.’, ed. D. Garnett, London, 1963.
Orlans, Harold (ed.), Lawrence of Arabia, Strange Man of Letters – the Literary Criticism and Correspondence of T.E. Lawrence, London, 1993.
Park, James, Sons, Mothers and Other Lovers, London, 1995.
Payne, Robert, Lawrence of Arabia: a Triumph, London, 1966.
Pearson, E., Awakening the Hero Within, New York, 1991.
Pratten, Dr John, Social Stratification in Edwardian England, London, 1985.
Randell, John, Sexual Variations, London, 1973.
Reik, Theodor, Of Love and Lust: A Study of Human Sexual Emotions, London, 1954.
Reynolds, J. J., Canon Christopher of St. Aldates, London, 1967.
Richards, Vyvyan, Portrait of T. E. Lawrence, The Lawrence of the Seven Pillars of Wisdom, London, 1936.
Rolls, S. C., Steel Chariots in the Desert, London, 1937.
Sachar, H., The Emergence of the Middle East 1914–1924, New York, 1969.
Said, Edward, Orientalism, London, 1978.
Schild, Marten, Lawrence and Arabia and T. E. Lawrence: Essays on the Private Life of an Immaculate Hero and His Imperfect Shadow (draft MS, unpublished).
Seymour-Smith, Martin, Robert Graves, London, 1982.
Sherwood, John, No Golden Journey – A Biography of James Elroy Flecker, 1973.
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Stirling, W. F., Safety Last, London, 1953.
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