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A Glossary of Possibly Unfamiliar Terms
Aiguille A needlelike spire of rock; usually applied to mountains or undersea ranges.
Benthic Describes creatures and plants that live at the bottom of the sea.
Berber Refers to the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile; most Moroccans are Arab-Berber. Hence: the Barbary Coast.
Bilge The broadest internal part of the bottom of a ship, where all the leakage and swill collect.
Bollard A stout post on a wharf, to which a ship may be tied. See also hawser.
Bouillon A strong meat broth, often served hot to passengers on the boat deck of a ship on passage through cold waters.
Bridgewing The extended and usually open part of a ship’s bridge, where officers may view the entire
length of the vessel, and from which dockside commands may be given.
Brig A square-rigged sailing vessel, usually with two masts.
Cant To steer a slow-moving ship into a dock, usually at journey’s end.
Careen To turn a beached ship over onto its side so that its hull may be cleaned or repaired.
Castile One of the ancient monarchies, in the central north of the Iberian peninsula, that eventually made up the Kingdom of Spain.
Cog A small sailing boat, usually with a single mast, often used for short-distance Baltic trading.
Compline The final evening service held in a religious house.
Cordillera A chain of mountains; most commonly applied to the Andes and the Rocky Mountains.
Coriolis force Named after a nineteenth-century French mathematician, this force is the effect the earth’s rotation has on winds and ocean currents.
Curragh A small and simply built Irish boat, originally made of reeds and skins, still in use today in parts of rural Ireland.
Cwm The Welsh word for a valley or depression on a hillside. The Western Cwm on the flanks of Mt. Everest is the best-known example outside Wales.
Cyanobacteria Blue-green algae, named for their dominant color, that derive their energy from photosynthesis.
Dory A small rowing boat, with high prows and stern and little freeboard, much used by nineteenth-century American whalers.
Einkorn wheat A type of wild wheat considered to have been the first crop grown in an organized fashion by early agriculturists in the Fertile Crescent.
Ell An obsolete measure of length, based on the average forearm; in England it is about forty-five inches.
Erg A Berber word for the great areas of sand dunes found in the central Sahara (a word which itself means desert in Berber).
Flense To remove the skin and blubber from a dead whale.
Forepeak The small and oddly angled internal space at the very tip of a boat; usually where the paint is stored, or, in naval vessels, the laundrymen.
Freeboard The height from the waterline to the lowest part of a ship’s deck. A vessel with little freeboard risks being swamped.
Fynbos An aggregation of very rich vegetation—more than six thousand endemic species—that grows in a small area of South Africa’s Western Cape Province that has been blessed with a Mediterranean climate.
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