by Ron Chernow
54. Wilson, Rawlins, 96.
55. The Cincinnati Enquirer, May 17, 1864.
56. Ash, “Civil War Exodus.”
57. PUSG, 7:54. Letter from Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, January 21, 1863.
58. Ash, “Civil War Exodus.”
59. PUSG, 7:55–56. Letter from Elihu B. Washburne, January 6, 1863.
60. Sarna, When General Grant Expelled the Jews, 25.
61. PUSG, 7:54. Telegram from Paducah merchants to President Lincoln, December 29, 1862.
62. Sarna, When General Grant Expelled the Jews, 30.
63. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 107.
64. Sarna, When General Grant Expelled the Jews, 48.
65. Ibid., 141.
66. Green, “Civil War Public Opinion of General Grant.”
67. GPL. S2 B24 F16. “Interview with J. P. Riordan.” HGP.
68. Ibid. S2 B24 F18. “Interview with General James Harrison Wilson.” HGP.
69. Ibid. S2 B18 F69. “Abraham Lincoln.”
70. Foote, The Civil War, 2:60; White, American Ulysses, 245.
71. White, American Ulysses, 245.
72. McPherson, Tried by War, 153.
73. PUSG, 9:82. Diary entry of Gideon Welles, July 31, 1863.
74. White, American Ulysses, 246.
75. Grant, Memoirs, 1:285.
76. McPherson, Tried by War, 153.
77. PUSG, 6:30. Letter to Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, November 14, 1862.
78. Foote, The Civil War, 2:73.
79. Ibid., 1:570.
80. Eaton, Grant, Lincoln and the Freedmen, 26.
81. PUSG, 7:225. Letter to Silas Hudson, January 14, 1863.
82. Grant, Memoirs, 1:290.
83. Catton, Never Call Retreat, 34.
84. Foreman, A World on Fire, 360.
85. Smith, Grant, 224.
86. PUSG, 7:171. Telegram to Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, January 5, 1863.
87. Foote, The Civil War, 2:133.
88. PUSG, 7:209. Telegram to Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, January 11, 1863.
89. Ibid., 210. Telegram from Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, January 12, 1863.
90. McPherson, Tried by War, 153–54.
CHAPTER TWELVE: MAN OF IRON
1. Wineapple, Ecstatic Nation, 245.
2. Crane, “Grant as a Colonel.”
3. Cramer, Ulysses S. Grant, 106.
4. PUSG, 9:218. Letter to Elihu B. Washburne, August 30, 1863.
5. Young, Around the World, 157.
6. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 83.
7. Ibid., 126.
8. USGA Newsletter, January 1971.
9. Ross, The General’s Wife, 138.
10. Ibid.
11. PUSG, 7:24. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, December 13, 1862.
12. Ibid., 308. Letter from Brig. Gen. Charles S. Hamilton to U.S. Senator James R. Doolittle, February 11, 1863.
13. Ibid., 468. Letter to Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, March 24, 1863.
14. Ibid., 225. Letter to Silas Hudson, January 14, 1863.
15. Waugh, U. S. Grant, 61.
16. Catton, Grant Moves South, 368.
17. Foote, The Civil War, 2:186.
18. Foreman, A World on Fire, 366.
19. Catton, Grant Moves South, 368.
20. PUSG, 7:413. Letter to Brig. Gen. William A. Hammond, March 12, 1863.
21. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 175.
22. PUSG, 32:43. Letter to William S. Hillyer, February 5, 1863.
23. Foote, The Civil War, 2:145.
24. Eaton, Grant, Lincoln and the Freedmen, 44.
25. Foote, The Civil War, 2:202; Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 48.
26. PUSG, 7:287. Letter from 1st Lt. James H. Wilson to Lt. Col. John A. Rawlins, February 4, 1863.
27. Foote, The Civil War, 2:202.
28. PUSG, 7:455–56. Letter to Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, March 22, 1863.
29. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 51.
30. Maihafer, “Mr. Grant and Mr. Dana.”
31. Waugh, U. S. Grant, 62.
32. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 590.
33. McPherson, Tried by War, 168.
34. PUSG, 7:386. Letter from Col. Lewis B. Parsons, March 9, 1863.
35. Grant, Memoirs, 1:295.
36. Smith, Grant, 230.
37. Washburne, Biography, 242.
38. Catton, Grant Moves South, 209.
39. PUSG, 7:275. Letter from Capt. William J. Kountz to Abraham Lincoln, circa March 15, 1863.
40. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 114.
41. Smith, Grant, 231.
42. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 588.
43. McPherson, Tried by War, 168.
44. Dana, Recollections of the Civil War, 28.
45. Maihafer, “Mr. Grant and Mr. Dana.”
46. The New York Times, May 31, 1914.
47. Maihafer, “Mr. Grant and Mr. Dana.”
48. Dana, Recollections of the Civil War, 61.
49. Washburne, Biography, 258.
50. Maihafer, “Mr. Grant and Mr. Dana.”
51. Wilson, Rawlins, 124.
52. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 279.
53. PUSG, 7:479–80. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, March 27, 1863.
54. Foote, The Civil War, 2:219.
55. Richardson, A Personal History, 293.
56. McPherson, Tried by War, 169.
57. PUSG, 7:478. Letter to Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, March 27, 1863.
58. Catton, Grant Moves South, 387.
59. Foote, The Civil War, 2:326.
60. Young, Around the World, 426.
61. McPherson, War on the Waters, 165.
62. Foote, The Civil War, 2:324.
63. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 160.
64. Dana, Recollections of the Civil War, 37.
65. Grant, Memoirs, 1:307.
66. PUSG, 8:86. Letter from Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman to John A. Rawlins, April 17, 1863.
67. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 626.
68. Foote, The Civil War, 2:330.
69. PUSG, 8:109. Letter to Jesse Root Grant, April 21, 1863.
70. Catton, Grant Moves South, 419.
71. Ibid., 420.
72. Ibid.
73. PUSG, 8:144. Telegram to Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, May 3, 1863.
74. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 628.
75. White, American Ulysses, 265.
76. Grant, Memoirs, 1:317.
77. Young, Around the World, 429.
78. Grant, Memoirs, 1:318.
79. Dana, Recollections of the Civil War, 43.
80. Grant, Memoirs, 1:318.
81. Ibid., 321.
82. Washburne, Biography, 249.
83. White, American Ulysses, 269.
84. PUSG, 8:143. Telegram to Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, May 3, 1863.
85. Catton, Grant Moves South, 438.
86. PUSG, 29:328. Letter to Mrs. E. B. Moore, May 1863. [n.d.]
87. McPherson, Tried by War, 170.
88. Perret, Ulysses S. Grant, 254.
89. Grant, Memoirs, 1:325.
90. Ibid.
91. PUSG, 8:155. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, May 3, 1863.
92. Foote, The Civil War, 2:351.
93. PUSG, 8:160. Letter to Maj. Gen. Stephen A. Hurlbut, May 5, 1863.
94. Ibid., 171. General Orders No. 32, May 7, 1863.
95. Smith, Grant, 244–45.
96. PUSG, 8:200. Letter to Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson, May 11, 1863.
9
7. Foote, The Civil War, 2:363.
98. Catton, Grant Moves South, 441.
99. Foreman, A World on Fire, 438.
100. Pittsburgh Times, June 17, 1881.
101. Young, Around the World, 312.
102. Grant, Memoirs, 1:339.
103. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 80.
104. GPL. S2 B13 F38. “James H. Wilson Journal.” Entry for July 12, 1863.
105. Catton, Grant Moves South, 443.
106. Smith, Grant, 249.
107. Foote, The Civil War, 2:372.
108. Catton, Grant Moves South, 445.
109. Grant, Memoirs, 1:348.
110. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 83.
111. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 201.
112. Catton, Grant Moves South, 447.
113. Burlingame, With Lincoln in the White House, 114.
114. Green, “Civil War Public Opinion of General Grant.”
115. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 87.
116. Catton, Grant Moves South, 456.
117. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 86.
118. Smith, Grant, 251.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: CITADEL
1. Grant, Memoirs, 1:354.
2. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 202.
3. Foote, The Civil War, 2:382.
4. Grant, Memoirs, 2:589.
5. Foote, The Civil War, 2:384.
6. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 92.
7. PUSG, 8:261. Letter to Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, May 24, 1863.
8. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant.
9. Sherman, Memoirs, 354.
10. Young, Around the World, 302.
11. Catton, Grant Moves South, 455.
12. McPherson, Tried by War, 170.
13. Ibid., 177.
14. Taliaferro, All the Great Prizes, 69.
15. McPherson, Tried by War, 181.
16. Maihafer, “Mr. Grant and Mr. Dana.”
17. PUSG, 8:322–23. Letter from John A. Rawlins, June 6, 1863.
18. Ibid., 323. Endorsement of letter by John A. Rawlins. [n.d.]
19. New York Sun, January 28, 1887.
20. Wilson, Rawlins, 139.
21. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 62.
22. PUSG, 12:199. Letter to Sylvanus Cadwallader, September 23, 1864.
23. GPL. S2 B13 F43. “Sylvanus Cadwallader.”
24. Quoted on the back cover of the University of Nebraska reprint of Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant.
25. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 353.
26. GPL. S2 B13 F43. “Sylvanus Cadwallader.”
27. Dana, Recollections of the Civil War, 83.
28. New York Sun, January 28, 1887.
29. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 103.
30. Ibid., 104.
31. Ibid., 108.
32. Ibid., 109.
33. Ibid., 116.
34. Ibid., ix.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.
38. McFeely, Grant, 135; New York Sun, January 28, 1887.
39. The Macon [Missouri], January 24, 1917.
40. New York World Sunday Magazine, April 25, 1897.
41. Grant, In the Days of My Father General Grant, 15.
42. USGH. “Interview with General Grenville Dodge.”
43. Missouri Democrat, May 31, 1866.
44. Foreman, A World on Fire, 443.
45. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 209.
46. Foote, The Civil War, 2:407.
47. Catton, Grant Moves South, 460.
48. Foote, The Civil War, 3:333.
49. Ibid., 2:425.
50. Ibid.
51. Ibid., 408.
52. Foreman, A World on Fire, 443.
53. Holzer, The Civil War in 50 Objects, 475.
54. Foreman, A World on Fire, 358.
55. Wineapple, Ecstatic Nation, 282.
56. Holzer, The Civil War in 50 Objects, 198.
57. PUSG, 8:370. Letter from Col. John E. Whiting to Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand, June 15, 1863. Endorsed by McClernand and sent to Grant.
58. Ibid., 93. Letter from Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, March 30, 1863.
59. Ibid., 91–92. Letter to Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, April 19, 1863.
60. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 187.
61. Catton, Grant Moves South, 403.
62. Eaton, Grant, Lincoln and the Freedmen, 64.
63. Ibid.
64. PUSG, 8:342. Letter to Abraham Lincoln, June 11, 1863.
65. Douglass, “U. S. Grant and the Colored People.”
66. Eaton, Grant, Lincoln and the Freedmen, 102–3.
67. Ibid., 86.
68. Ballard, Grant at Vicksburg, 67.
69. Dana, Recollections of the Civil War, 86.
70. Ibid.
71. Keegan, The American Civil War, 294.
72. Grant, Memoirs, 1:366.
73. PUSG, 8:328. Letter to Brig. Gen. Lorenzo Thomas, June 16, 1863.
74. Ibid., 9:219. Letter from Senator Henry Wilson to Cong. Elihu B. Washburne, July 25, 1863.
75. Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 549.
76. Holzer, The Civil War in 50 Objects, 179.
77. PUSG, 9:196–97. Letter to Abraham Lincoln, August 23, 1863.
78. Niven, The Salmon P. Chase Papers, 428. Diary entry for August 29, 1863.
79. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 36.
80. Grant, Memoirs, 1:373.
81. Smith, Grant, 221.
82. Catton, Never Call Retreat, 7.
83. OR, I, xxiv, part 1, 285.
84. Grant, Memoirs, 1:374.
85. PUSG, 8:455. Letter from Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton, July 3, 1863.
86. Young, Around the World, 433.
87. PUSG, 8:455. Letter to Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton, July 3, 1863.
88. Foote, The Civil War, 2:609.
89. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 213.
90. Grant, Memoirs, 1:376.
91. PUSG, 31:240. Letter to Marcus J. Wright, November 30, 1884.
92. Ibid., 8:457. Letter to Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton, July 3, 1863.
93. Ibid., 458. Letter from Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton, July 3, 1863.
94. Watrous, “Grant as His Son Saw Him.”
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: DELIVERANCE
1. Grant, Memoirs, 1:383.
2. Wilson and Simon, Ulysses S. Grant, 82.
3. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 103.
4. Catton, Grant Moves South, 479.
5. Armstrong, Warrior in Two Camps, 86.
6. Smith, Grant, 256.
7. Catton, Grant Moves South, 483.
8. Grant, Memoirs, 1:379.
9. Wilson and Simon, Ulysses S. Grant, 82.
10. Ibid., 83.
11. Dana, Recollections of the Civil War, 99.
12. GPL. S2 B24 F16. “Interview with Lieutenant Frank Parker.” HGP.
13. Korda, Ulysses S. Grant, 89.
14. Catton, Never Call Retreat, 207.
15. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 665.
16. Foote, The Civil War, 2:623.
17. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 1:364. Diary entry for July 7, 1863.
18. Stahr, Seward, 369.
19. Smith, Grant, 259.
20. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 215.
21. PUSG, 9:197. Letter from President Abraham Lincoln, July 13, 1863.
22. “General Rawlins’ Address.” Report of the Proceedings of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee, April 1929.
23. Eaton, Grant, Lincoln and the Freedmen, 90.
24. New York Tribune, June 17, 1906.
25. GPL. S2 B18 F69. “Alcohol.”
26. Richardson, A Personal History, 337.
27. Wineapple, Ecstatic Nation, 283.
28. Adams, “The Session.”
29. Young, Around the World, 375–76.
30. PUSG, 9:130. Letter to Charles W. Ford, July 28, 1863.
31. Marszalek, Sherman, 229.
32. Donald, Lincoln, 446.
33. Foote, The Civil War, 2:593.
34. Young, Around the World, 307.
35. PUSG, 9:146. Letter to Charles A. Dana, August 5, 1863.
36. Young, Around the World, 387.
37. PUSG, 4:444. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, March 29, 1862.
38. Green, “Civil War Public Opinion of General Grant.”
39. Simon, “From Galena to Appomattox.”
40. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 1:386. Diary entry for July 31, 1863.
41. GPL. S2 B24 F15. “Interview with Mr. McDonald.” HGP.
42. PUSG, 9:124–25. Letter to Brig. Gen. Lorenzo Thomas, July 27, 1863.
43. GPL. S2 B13. “Rawlins Letters.” Letter from John Rawlins, September 15, 1863. JHWP.
44. Young, Around the World, 625.
45. PUSG, 9:45–46. Letter from Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, July 14, 1863.
46. Marszalek, Sherman, 229.
47. Grant, Memoirs, 1:387–88.
48. PUSG, 9:92. Letter to Brig. Gen. Charles P. Stone, July 21, 1863; Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 126.
49. PUSG, 9:110. Letter to Maj. Gen. William Henry Halleck, July 24, 1863.
50. Ibid., 9:23. Letter to Brig. Gen. Lorenzo Thomas, July 11, 1863.
51. Ibid., 197. Letter from Abraham Lincoln, August 9, 1863.
52. Ibid., 196. Letter to Abraham Lincoln, August 23, 1863.
53. Ibid., 8:483. Letter to Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson, July 5, 1863.
54. Ibid., 9:3. Letter to Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson, July 7, 1863.
55. Wittenmyer, Under the Guns, 176, 178–79.
56. Grant, Memoirs, 1:388.
57. PUSG, 9:200. Letter to Maj. Frederick T. Dent, August 23, 1863.
58. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 20.
59. Eaton, Grant, Lincoln and the Freedmen, 98.
60. Missouri Democrat, September 2, 1863.
61. PUSG, 9:190. Letter from Jesse R. Grant to Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks, August 19, 1863.
62. New Orleans Era, September 4, 1863.
63. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 22.
64. Ibid., 24.
65. Ibid., 23; Grant, Memoirs, 1:390.
66. PUSG, 9:223. Lawrence Van Alstyne diary entry for September 4, 1863.
