by Will Durant
Evangeline (Longfellow), 132*
Evans, Sir Arthur John, British archeologist, 5–7, 17, 21, 32, 61*
evolution, 139, 340, 342, 355, 356–357, 530
excavations, at Crete, 5–6
at Troy, 25–27, 34–36
at Tiryns, 27–28
at Mycenae, 28–32
at Melos, 33
at Ephesus, 602
Execestides , nephew of Solon (6th century B.C.), 152
Execias , potter (6th century B.C.), 219
exegetai, 261
exile, 261
exoterici, 163
exploitation of poor, in, 280–281, 596–597
Ezra, 579
F
Fabian (Quintus Fabius Maximus), Roman general (fl. 210 B.C.), 442
fables, 142, 171*
Fabricius (Caius Fabricius Luscinus), Roman general and statesman (fl. 280 B.C.), 660
factories, in Crete, 11
in Athens, 272, 280, 464
in 3rd century, 562
in Seleucid Empire, 575
in Egypt, 589
faience, 16–17, 19, 616
Fall of Miletus, The (Phrynichus), 382*
family, position of, in Homeric society, 45, 50, 51–52
break-up of, under Lycurgus, 79
in Athens, 108, 307–308
in early Ureece, 201
in 3rd century, 567–568
Farnese Athena, 179
Farnese Bull (Apollonius and Tauriscus), 623
Farnese Heracles (Glycon), 624
Farnese Palace, Rome, 623*
Fascism, 523
Fates, 135, 186, 334, see also Moirai
father, the, in Homeric society, 50–51
in religion, 192
in Athens, 307–308
fauns, 178
Faust (Goethe), 624
Fayum , 155
fellah, 587, 596
feminism, 253
fertility worship, in Crete, 13
in Mycenae, 32
in common religion, 177, 178, 199
fertilization, 269
festivals, 199–200
fetishism, 13
finance, 274
fines, 260, 261
fire, in Crete, 21
as means of communication, 47, 273
of Prometheus, 100
first principle, 137, 138, 139, 144–146
fishing, in Mycenae, 30
in Achaean society, 45
in Taras, 160
in Athens, 270
Flamininus, Titus Quinctius, Roman general and statesman (ca. 228–174 B.C.), 570, 663, 664
flood, in Greek myth, 39
in Achaean civilization, 45
in Attica, 268
flood control, 268, 588–589
flowers, 308–309
fog, 4
Fokia, 150, see also Phocaea
food, in Crete, 14
of Achaeans, 45
in Sparta, 85
in Sybaris, 160
in Athens, 269–270
foot races, 48, 214, 215
footwear, in Crete, 9
of Achaeans, 45
in Athens, 293
Fouché, Joseph, Duke of Otranto, French revolutionary and minister of police (1763–1820), 541
France, 3, 11, 26, 169, 298, 302, 363, 438
France, Anatole, French critic and novelist (1844–1924), 657
Franciscans, 506, 651
François vase, 219
Frederick William I, King of Prussia (1688–1740), 477
Frederick II the Great, King of Prussia (1712–1786), 70, 418, 477
freedmen, 276, 278
freedom of speech, 54, 231
freemen, in Homeric society, 46
in Sparta, 73–74
in Athens, 110–111, 124–125, 262, 276–277
French Academy, 603
French Revolution, 119, 558
French School at Athens, 6
frescoes, in Crete, 7, 17–18
in Mycenae, 31
in Periclean age, 316
Freud, Sigmund, Austrian psychoanalyst, 394, 670
friezes, in Crete, 19
in Mycenae, 31
in Homeric society, 52
Frogs (Aristophanes)’, 417, 427
“Funeral Oration” (Pericles), 434
Furies, 99, 186, 386
furniture, of Achaeans, 45
in Homeric society, 53
in Athens, 309
G
Gadara, 580
Gaea , 41†, 99, 104, 177, 180, 182
Galatia , 557, 559
Galen (gā’-lěn), Claudius, physician and medical writer (130-200?), 524, 670
Galilei, Galileo, Italian astronomer (1564–1642), 634, 657
Gallic invasion, 559
Gallipoli, 36, 157, see also Callipolis
Gamelion , 199
games, in Crete, 12
in Homeric society, 48
in Sparta, 82, 83
in Athens, 122
in festivals, 199–200
in common culture, 211–217
of children, 288
Ganges (găn’-jēz) River, 3, 546, 637
Ganymede , 182
Garden of Daphne, 573
gardens, 269, 308–309, 617
Gargantua, 401
Gastrology (Archestratus), 649
Gaugamela , 545
Gaul, 67, 71, 104, 128, 161, 169, 219, 470, 472, 559, 560, 578, 613, 623, 664, 667
Gaza , 541, 544, 572, 580
Ge (jē), see Gaea
Gedrosia , 547
Gela (jâ’-lä), 170, 315, 438
Gelon (jē’-lŏn) of Gela, tyrant of Syracuse (d. 478 B.C.), 172–173, 241, 327, 438, 439
geocentric theory, 634, 635
Geographica (Eratosthenes), 637
geography, 135, 139, 140, 502, 637
geology, 527–528
Geometrical style, 63, 218–219
geometry, 135, 136–137, 163, 338, 500–501, 628, 629–630
georgoi, 110
Geras , 186
Gerasa , 580
Germany, 24
germ theory of disease, 195–196
Gerontia , 158
gerousia , see Senate (Sparta)
gerousia (Jews in Alexandria), 594
Geryon , 41†
Ges periodos (gāz pĕ-rē’-ō-dŏs) (Hecataeus), 140
Gibbon, Edward, English historian (1737–1794), 431, 432
Gibralter, 3, 129, 341
Gibralter, Straits of, see Pillars of Hercules Giotto di Bondone, Italian painter (1276?-1337?), 400, 669
Gitiadas , 87*
Glaucon (glō’-kŏn), 511–512
Glaucus (glô’-kŭs), ironworker (fl. 7th century B.C.), 150
Glotz, Gustave, French historian, 479*
Glycera , courtesan, 492, 607
Glycon (glī’-kŏn) of Athens, sculptor (fl. ist century B.C.), 624
glyptic art, in Crete, 16, 20
in Mycenae, 31–32
in Periclean age, 314
in Hellenistic age, 616
Gnathaena , courtesan, 300
God, 131, 137, 138, 139, 144–147, 168, 176, 181, 189, 350, 357, 516–517, 532, 604, 605, 653–654, 655, 656, 658
gods, 11, 13–14, 37, 98–102, 175–202, 467, 565, 566
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, German author (1749–1832), 76†, 137, 296, 298, 364, 386, 419, 624, 638
Golden (street), 150
Golden Age (Homer), 5
Golden Fleece, 43–44, 403
Golden Race (Theogony), 102
Gomme, A.W., British classical scholar, 255†, 278*
Gorgias , orator (485?-380?), 213, 295, 356, 358, 360, 367, 430, 433, 434, 446, 485, 486, 506, 513, 554, 642
Gorgias (Plato), 513*
Gortyna , 23, 205
Gothic style, 336
Gournia , 6, 7, 11, 16, 22, 30
government, of Crete, 10–11
of Mycenae, 30–31
in Homeric society, 53–55
of Sparta, 79–81
of Athens, 114–118, 255–263
of Rhodes, 571
of Seleucid Empire, 575
of Pergamum, 578–579, of Egypt, 587–592
Graces, 182, 186
Graces (Socrates), 365
Graia , 169
Graii (grī’-ē), 107
grammar, 359, 361
grammateus, 261
Granada, 56
Grand Inquisitor, 524
Granicus River, 234, 541, 544, 550
graphe paranomon, 256
Great Assembly (Judea), 579, 604
Greater Mysteries, 188–189, 199
Great World (Democritus), 354
Greek Anthology, The, 288, 307, 621
Greek Orthodox Church, 229
Greeks, derivation of name, 107
Greek War of Independence, 335*
Grenfell, Bernard Pyne, English papyrologist (1869–1926), 155
Grote, George, English historian (1794–1871), 5, 114*, 247*, 455*, 532*, 549
Gryllus , son of Xenophon (d. 362 B.C.), 463, 489
guilds, 150, 207, 380, 589
Gylippus , Spartan general (5th century B.C.), 448
gymnasiums, 150, 288–289, 567, 582
gymnastics, in Sparta, 75, 82–83
in Athens, 289–290
Gymnopedia , 75, 86, 229
gymnosophists, 581, 642
gynaeceum, 302, 309
Gyrton (jēr’-tŏn), 106
H
Hades (hā’-dēz), 11, 39*, 41†, 42*, 61, 67, 96, 165, 178, 179, 181, 189, 190, 199, 311, 312, 367
Hadrian, Roman emperor (76–138), 207
Haemon (hē’-mŏn), 396–397
Hagia Triada (Holy Trinity), 6, 7, 11, 15, 16, 18, 19†, 21
Haifa , 580, see also Polis
Halbherr, F., Italian archeologist, 6
Halias, 48*
Halicamassus , 134, 430, 491, 494, 575
Hall of the Double Ax, 11, 19
Hall of Initiation, 189
Hallstatt culture, 62
Halys River, 575
Hamburg, 24
Hamilcar Barca, Carthaginian general (3rd century B.C.), 575
Hamilcar , Carthaginian general (5th century B.C.), 173, 241–242, 438
Hamlet, 210, 402
Hammurabi, King of Babylon (reigned ca. 1955–1913 B.C.), 117, 261
handicrafts, 46, 589
Han Dynasty, 575
Hanging Gardens, 143*
Hannibal , Carthaginian general (5th century B.C.), 438, 471, 472
Hannibal, Carthaginian general (247-183 B.C.), 561, 573, 614, 615, 662–663
Hanno of Carthage, navigator (fl. 500 B.C.), 341
Hanukkah, 584†
Harmodius , tyrannicide (6th century B.C.), 123–124, 221, 301
Harmonics (Aristoxenus), 617
Harpalus, treasurer (4th century B.C.), 541, 553
Harvesters’ Vase, 17
harvest festivals, 17
Harvey, William, English anatomist and physician (1578–1657), 638
Hasmonai (hăz’-mō-nī), 583, 584
Hatzidakis, Joseph, Greek archeologist, 6
Hawes, Harriet Boyd, American archeologist, 6
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, American writer (1804–1864), 496
headdress, in Crete, 8–9
of Achaeans, 37, 45
in Athens, 291
Head of a Girl, 499
Head of Cleobis, 68*
Head of Zeus, 624
heating, 270, 309
Heaven (deity), 99, 101, 177
Hebe (hē’-bē), 182, 186, 334
Hebrew (language), 594, 603, 604
Hebrews, 297, 593
Hecataeus of Miletus, historian and geographer (fl. 6th-5th century B.C.), 55, 68, 139, 140, 144, 430
Hecate , 179–180, 623
Hecatombaion , 199
Hecatompedon , 330
hectemoroi, 111
Hector (hěk’-tēr), 36, 48, 57–59, 208, 211
Hecuba (hěk’-ū-b), 27, 36, 58, 307, 406
Hecuba (Euripides), 401*, 406
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm, German philosopher (1770–1831), 145, 147, 349
Hegesias of Cyrene, philosopher, 657
Hegesias of Magnesia, rhetorician and historian (fl. 300 B.C.), 492
Heifer (Myron), 324
Helen, 36, 39, 46, 47, 48, 51, 55, 56, 59, 60, 171, 180, 210, 218, 297, 316, 408, 548
Helen (Euripides), 404
Helen (Zeuxis), 318
Helenus (hěl’-ē-nŭs), 36
heliaea, 116, 125, 126, 249, 259–261, 263, 358
Helice , 89
Helicon , Mt., 98, 99, 104, 106
heliocentric theory, 634, 635
Heliopolis , 118, 501, 589
Helios , 177, 621
Hell, see Hades
Helle (hěl’-ē), 42
Hellen (hěl’-ěn), 39–40, 207
Hellenes (hěl’-ēnz), derivation of name, 39, 106
Hellenica (Callisthenes), 550*
Hellenica (Theopompus), 488
Hellenica (Xenophon), 489–490
Hellenic Conference, 440
Hellenic Sea, 10*, see Aegean Sea
Hellenistic age, 133, 177, 178, 315, 557–666
Hellespont , 4*, 35, 36, 42, 43, 44, 55, 69, 128, 141, 156, 158, 238, 241, 242, 248, 276, 437, 449, 477, 538, 544, 585
Helots , 73–74, 77, 80–81, 82, 247, 443, 459, 570
Helus (hē’-lŭs), 73
Hemeroscopium , 3, 169
Hephaestion, Macedonian general (d. 324 B.C.), 540, 551
Hephaestus (hē-fěs’-tus), 27†, 58, 101, 182, 183–184, 185, 384, 650
Heptastadium, 592
Hera , 41, 50*, 56, 58, 72, 88, 142, 172, 175, 179, 182, 183, 185, 187, 213, 226, 231, 318, 322, 327, 490, 549
Heracleia , 156, 317, 575, 660
Heracleidae , 41, 63, 72, 73, 79, 128
Heracleides of Pontus, philosopher (fl. 4th century B.C.), 500, 502
Heracleitus , philosopher (fl. 500 B.C.), 136, 138, 143–148, 161, 176, 350, 352, 512, 515, 642, 644, 651
Heracles , 38†, 41–42, 43, 44, 63, 70, 169, 180, 220, 227, 273, 302, 303, 328–329, 361, 385, 392, 398, 402, 414, 432, 610
Heracles (Euripides), 401
Heracles (Scopas), 497
Heracleum , 5†
Heracleum Museum, 18, 19*
Heraclids, see Heracleidae
Heraeum (hē-rē’-ŭm), 496
Herculaneum , 618, 645
Hercules, see Heracles
herding, among Achaeans, 45
among Dorians, 62
in Attica, 269
hermaphrodite, 185
Hermaphrodites, 625
Hermeias (hěr-mī’-ăs), philosopher and tyrant of Atarneus (4th century B.C.), 524–525, 553
Hermes (hŭr’-mēz), 101, 178, 179, 184–185, 227, 319, 333, 446, 496
Hermes (Praxiteles), 217, 496, 631
Hermes (Socrates), 365
Hermes of Andros, 499
Hermione (hûr-mī’-ō-nē) (city), 72, 569
Hermippus , comic poet (5th century B.C.), 141, 254
Hermolaus , Macedonian conspirator (4th century B.C.), 550
Hermus River, 150
hero worship, 177, 180
Herodas (hěr’-ō-dăs), writer of mimes (d. 300 B.C.), 593
Herodicus , physician (5th century B.C.), 343
Herodotus , historian (ca. 484?-425 B.C.), 30, 35, 55, 68, 77, 78, 118–119, 134, 140, 142, 161, 173, 187*, 206, 210, 213, 234, 238, 242*, 298–299, 305, 316, 341‡, 361, 404, 430–432, 433, 434, 435, 437, 488, 491, 613
Heroic Age, 32, 37–64, 305, 311
Heroic Race (Theogony), 102
Heron (hē’-rōn) of Alexandria, mathematician and mechanician (fl. 1st century B.C.), 633
Herophila , (sibyl), 169, 197
Herophilus of Chalcedon, anatomist (fl. 300 B.C.), 638, 639, 670
Herpyll
is , consort of Aristotle, 525
Hesiod , epic poet (ca. 800 B.C.), 63, 69, 71, 98–103, 135, 144, 167, 180, 181, 186, 210, 259, 432, 495
Hesperides , 41†, 105*
Hestia , 186
hetairai (hē-tī’-rī), 83, 154, 300–301
hetaireiaiy 255
Hexapolis (Dorian), 128, 134
Hiawatha (Longfellow), 132*
Hiera Anagrapha (Euhemerus), 565
hieroglyphics, 5-6, 7, 15
Hieron (hī’-ē-rŏn) I, tyrant of Syracuse (reigned 478–467 B.C.), 130, 131, 375, 376, 383, 438, 533
Hieron II, tyrant of Syracuse (reigned 270–216 B.C.), 438*, 571, 575, 598–599, 609, 616, 618, 627, 628, 630, 631–632
Hieronymus , tyrant of Syracuse (2nd century B.C.), 599
Himalaya Mts., 546
Himera , 170, 171, 173, 234, 241, 438
Himes, Norman, medical historian, 468*
Himilcon, Carthaginian general (4th century B.C.), 242, 472
Hindus, 135, 165, 177, 350*, 637, 643
Hipparchia, consort of Crates (4th century B.C.), 650–651
Hipparchus , tyrant of Athens (ca. 555–514 B.C.), 123, 129, 149, 190
Hipparchus of Nicaea, astronomer (160?-125? B.C.), 635, 640, 669
Hipparete , wife of Alcibiades (5th century B.C.), 444
hippes, 110, 115
Hippias , tyrant of Athens (d. 490 B.C.), 123–124, 221, 223, 234, 235
Hippias of Elis, Sophist (fl. 5th century B.C.), 213, 338, 361, 367, 368
Hippo , 67, 580
Hippocrates , physician (460-359 or, 377? B.C.), 134, 136, 270, 342–348, 531, 639, 669
Hippocrates of Chios, mathematician (fl. 440 B.C.), 338, 628*
Hippocratic Oath, 287, 347
Hippocrene , 98, 99
Hippodameia , 39, 51, 180, 328, 386, 548
Hippodamus of Miletus, architect (5th century B.C.), 330, 437, 617
hippodrome, 215
Hippolytus , 22, 402–403, 418
Hippolytus (Euripides), 401*, 402–403, 411, 417
Hippomenes , 105*
Hipponax of Ephesus, poet, (fl. 6th century B.C.), 143–144, 149
Hipponicus , Athenian general (d. 424 B.C.), 444
Hissarlik , 25
Historial (Hecataeus), 140
Histories (Herodotus), 206, 430–431
Histories (Polybius), 613, 615
historiography, 139–140, 193, 430–436, 488–491, 612–615
History of Alexander (Callisthenes), 550*
History of Animals (Aristotle), 526*, 529*, 531, 637
History of Plants, The (Theophrastus), 637
History of the Peloponnesian War (Thucydides), 206, 433–435
History of the Sacred War (Callisthenes), 550*
Hittites, 15, 35, 37, 39, 68, 224
Hobbes, Thomas, English philosopher (1588–1679), 657
Hody, Humphrey, English divine (1650–1707), 595*.
Hogarth, David George, English archeologist (1862–1927), 6
Holland, 24
