by Wendy Lower
Schwarzhaupt, Elisabeth, [>]
Schwenninger, Mr. (transporter), [>]
Sebek, Julie, [>]
secretaries, [>], [>]–[>]. See also Block, Josefine Krepp; Dick, Sabine; Landau, Gertrude Segel; Meier, Liselotte; Struwe, Ilse
desk murderers and, [>]–[>]
opportunities for women as, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
paperwork on massacres and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
plundered items and, [>]–[>]
postwar loyalty of, [>]–[>], [>]
prosecution of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
violent partnerships and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
war-crimes trials and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
youth of, [>]
Segel, Gertrude. See Landau, Gertrude Segel
Seidenberger, Maria, [>]
sexualized anti-Semitism, [>]
shooting sprees, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]. See also balcony shootings; hunting sprees; recreational activities; sadistic violence
shopping trips, [>]–[>], [>]. See also Jewish goods and property
Silent Aid (Stille Hilfe), [>]
Slottke, Gertrude, [>]
Sobibor, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), [>], [>], [>]
social status, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
social workers, [>]–[>]
soldier-farmer ideal, [>]
The Soviet Paradise (Berlin exhibit), [>], [>]
Soviet Union. See also Belarus, Nazi-occupied; Ukraine, Nazi-occupied
colonizing agents in, [>]
massacres in, [>], [>]
postwar treatment by, [>]–[>]
Red Army and, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
SPD. See Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
Sprenger, Maria Koschinska, [>]
SS-Frauenkorps, [>]–[>]
SS Race and Resettlement Office, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
SS wives. See wives of SS men
Stahlecker, Walther, [>]
Stähli, Vera. See Wohlauf, Vera Stähli
Stasi (East German secret police), [>], [>], [>]
Strauch, Eduard, [>]
Struwe, Ilse, [>]
after the war, [>], [>]
background of, [>]–[>]
job as military secretary, [>]–[>], [>]
photographs of, [>], [>]
as witness, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Stutthof concentration camp, [>], [>]
“subhumans,” in Nazi socialization, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
survivor witnesses, evidence from, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Szulc (Jewish professor), [>]
Tarnopol, Ukraine, [>]
Tarnów ghetto, [>]
teachers, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]. See also ideological indoctrination; Ivens, Ingelene
Thomas, Lydia, [>]
Thuringia, [>]–[>]
Trapp, Major, [>]
Treaty of Versailles, [>]
Treblinka, [>]
Ukraine, Nazi-occupied
Final Solution in, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
last known massacre in, [>]
postwar evacuation of, [>]–[>]
Zhytomyr archives in, [>]–[>]
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, [>], [>]–[>]
urban scenery, [>], [>]
victims
German women as, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
punishment of aid to, [>]
selection of, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Vienna, Austria, [>], [>]
Viermetz, Inge, [>]
völkisch parties, in Weimar Republic, [>]
Volksgemeinschaft (People’s Community), [>], [>]
Volodymyr-Volynsky, Ukraine, [>]–[>], [>]
von Droste-Hülshoff, Annette, [>]
von Galen, Bishop, [>]–[>]
VVN. See Association of the Victims of Nazism (VVN)
Waller, James, [>]
war crimes trials. See Nuremberg trials; prosecution of war crimes
Warsaw, Poland, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Weimar Republic, and Nazi generation, [>]–[>]. See also interwar years
Weissing, Hermann, [>], [>], [>]
Westerheide, Wilhelm, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
West Germany, prosecutions in, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
whips, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Wiesenthal, Simon, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Willhaus, Elisabeth “Liesel” Riedel, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
Willhaus, Gustav, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Windisch (SS deputy), [>]–[>]
wives of SS men, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]. See also Block, Josefine Krepp; Landau, Gertrude Segel; Petri, Erna Kürbs; Willhaus, Elisabeth “Liesel” Riedel; Wohlauf, Vera Stähli
balcony shootings and, [>]–[>]
explanations by, [>]–[>]
postwar loyalty of, [>]–[>], [>]
prosecution of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
as racial partnerships, [>]–[>]
shooting of children and, [>]–[>]
Woehrn, Fritz, [>]
Wohlauf, Julius, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Wohlauf, Vera Stähli, [>]
background of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Miedzyrzec Aktion and, [>]–[>], [>]
military coat and, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
photographs of, [>], [>]
postwar testimony of, [>], [>]–[>]
womanhood, Nazi ideals of, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]. See also German women; home front, and women as victims; motherhood, Nazi ideals about
nurturing as female virtue and, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
pregnancy, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Women’s Battle League, [>]
women’s movement, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]. See also Nazi women’s organizations
World War I. See also interwar years
baby boomers of, [>], [>]
defeat of Germany in, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Zelle, Johanna Altvater. See Altvater, Johanna
Zetkin, Clara, [>]
Zhytomyr, Ukraine, [>], [>]
About the Author
WENDY LOWER is the John K. Roth Professor of History at Claremont McKenna College and a research associate at the Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich. A historical consultant for the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, she has published numerous articles and books on the Holocaust and conducted archival research and fieldwork in central and eastern Europe since 1992.
