by Brad Snyder
60 In Mississippi, Flood: Aurela Norris Young interview, 4/29/83, 9, Southern Regional Council, “Will the Circle Be Unbroken?” program files.
60 “People felt relaxed”: Moody, Coming of Age in Mississippi, 262.
60 Medgar Evers: 2/9/62 telegram from Current to Robinson, NAACP Collection, B:III C273, F “Southeast Regional Office Correspondence 1962” (instructing Robinson to inform Evers of Robinson’s itinerary); Aurela Norris Young interview, 4/29/83, 9, Southern Regional Council, “Will the Circle Be Unbroken?” program files.
60 “do and perform”: mdah.state.ms.us/arlib/contents/er/scagency/case-history.html (quoting General Laws of the State of Mississippi, 1956, Chapter 365, 520-524).
60 “Patterson and the other”: 2/28/62 report by A. L. Hopkins, investigator, 1-2, Sovereignty Commission Online, SCR ID # 2-55-7-62-1-1-1, www.mdah.state.ms.us/arlib/contents/er/sovcom. .
61 By virtue: “Flood, Curtis 2-55-418,” at SCR ID # 98-6-3-33-1-1-1, www.mdah.state.ms.us/arlib/contents/er/sovcom.
61 Flood told: CDEF, 3/10-16/62, 2.
61 thank-you note: 3/23/62 letter from Roy Wilkins to Flood, NAACP Collection, B:III C173.
61 Frank Robinson and Willie Mays: The Reds paid Robinson’s NAACP dues early in his career, but he refused to be active in the organization. A letter from Jackie Robinson encouraged him to speak out on civil rights issues. Jackie charged that Frank was more interested in becoming the first black manager (which he became with the Indians in October 1974) than in speaking out on issues. BAA, 5/12/70, 17. Frank later said he was “afraid.” Robinson, Extra Innings , ix. Jackie also described Mays as a “do-nothing Negro” when it came to the civil rights movement. LAT, 3/16/68, A1.
61 “went to”: Robinson, Baseball Has Done It, 142.
61 President Kennedy: Branch, Parting the Waters, 386, 647-53, 656-72.
61 On the day of King’s: SPD, 8/29/63, 4D.
61 It tore Flood; “I should be there”: Maury Allen interview.
61 During the offseason: BAA, 11/3/64, 13.
62 “What are you”: Bill Patterson interview.
62 “best hitting”: Branch Rickey Papers, Box 51, Folder 2.
62 Cardinals broadcaster Harry Caray: CT, 5/1/71, F4.
62 In October 1963, Beverly filed: OT, 10/8/63, 36.
62 “inadequate and inferior”: OT, 2/28/64, 50.
62 On February 27, 1964: OT, 2/28/64, 50; TSN, 3/14/64, 28; SGD, 2/29-3/1/64, 3G.
62 She also received: LAT, 2/28/64, B6.
63 By the time Curt and Beverly: SFC, 10/27/64, 1, 10; SFE, 10/27/64, 1, 16.
63 “No niggers”: SFC, 10/27/64, 1.
63 The law did not concern: OT, 12/25/72, 40.
63 Immediately after receiving: SFE, 10/27/64, 1; Rickie Riley interview.
64 They reconvened: SFE, 10/27/64, 16; Flood, The Way It Is, 119.
64 Beverly was intent: Rickie Riley interview.
64 Marian turned: Flood, The Way It Is, 119.
64 On October 26, Condon filed: OT, 10/26/64, 11; OT, 10/27/64, 1; RI, 10/26/64, 1, 2; Flood, The Way It Is, 119-20.
64 Backed by: LAT, 10/28/64, 2; SFC, 10/28/64, 3.
65 “Yes, we thought”: SFC, 10/28/64, 3.
65 Flood was eventually forced: OT, 11/10/64, 40; OT, 11/2/64, 19; NYT, 11/10/64, 51.
65 “You don’t do”: BAA, 11/3/64, 13.
65 The housing ordeal: SFE, 10/27/64, 1, 16; SFC, 10/27/64, 1; SFC, 10/28/61, 1; RI, 10/26/64, 1; MMNG, 10/27/64, 1; MMNG, 10/28/64, 1.
65 The Washington Post: WP, 11/2/64, A16.
65 Six women: SFC, 10/28/64, 3; SFE, 10/28/64, 3; BAA, 11/3/64, 13.
65 The men invited: BAA, 11/3/64, 13.
65 The Floods’ children: LAT, 1/24/65, J2.
65 Debbie . . . was excluded: Flood, The Way It Is, 120.
65 Racists phoned; The police; Both; “I have no”: LAT, 1/24/65, J2.
65 A few of Flood’s: Earl Robinson interview.
66 “immediately [to]”: Memo from FBI Director to SAC, San Francisco, 10/30/64, Flood FBI File, SF office.
66 The San Francisco office: Flood FBI file, SF office.
66 “recent notoriety”: Memo from FBI Director to SAC, San Francisco, 10/30/64, Flood FBI file, FOIA appeal, 1/25/05.
66 In October 1963, Hoover: Garrow, Bearing the Cross, 303-4, 323, 372-74.
66 The New York Mets players: NYT, 6/8/68, 34.
66 Milt Pappas: SPD, 6/9/68, 1D, 4D; SPD, 6/12/68, 3E; Pappas, Out at Home, 189-91; NYT, 6/10/68, 60; Sport, 8/69, 82.
66-67 “When something happens”; “the best work”: WP, 8/4/68, C2.
67 Like Flood, McDonald also placed: Tommy McDonald interview.
67 In a 1967 Los Angeles Times: LAT, 5/23/67, C3.
67 “I guess”: Burns, Baseball, vol. 8; Burns/Flood interview, 8. For a similar quote, see Curran, “Curt Flood and the Baseball Revolution,” L.A. Weekly, 4/1-7/94, 24.
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69 he saw: Dal Maxvill interview.
69 A Washington University: Ibid.; SGD, 5/9-10/64, 2G; SPD, 5/11/64, 4C; SPD, 10/5/64, 4B; Craft and Owens, Redbirds Revisited, 147-53.
69-70 Maxvill had no idea; “How can”; “It’s just”; “Everybody”; “You haven’t”; “It’s early”; “Why are”: Dal Maxvill interview.
70 “Do you know”: Korr, The End of Baseball As We Knew It, 87 (Maxvill).
70 While waiting: Ibid.; Tim McCarver interview; McCarver, Few and Chosen, 95-96 (recalling they waited in the Atlanta airport). Maxvill insists it was Miami, which makes sense for a flight to Puerto Rico. Dal Maxvill interview.
70 McCarver once walked: Gibson, Stranger to the Game, 60; McCarver, Oh, Baby, I Love It!, 61; Halberstam, October 1964, 220-21.
70 Another time: Halberstam, October 1964, 221.
70 At spring training: Gibson, Stranger to the Game, 60; Halberstam, October 1964, 221.
71 “Tim McCarver was a rugged”: Flood, The Way It Is, 87-88.
71 “everybody but”: SPD, 4/12/66, 4C.
71 “complete shock”: Tim McCarver interview.
71 “Curt, do you really”: “Curt Flood,” ESPN SportsCentury (McCarver).
71 McCarver soon realized: Tim McCarver interview; McCarver, Few and Chosen , 95; “Curt Flood,” ESPN SportsCentury.
71 McCarver still believed: Tim McCarver interview.
71 Flood had another: Judy Pace Flood interview; Dick Moss interview.
72 The daughter: BAA, 8/28-9/1/73, 15.
72 Flood first noticed: Judy Pace Flood interview.
72 “That’s awful”: Dick Moss interview.
72 For nearly a year; Flood clamored; “[Curt] thought”; “Now you can”: Judy Pace Flood interview.
72 The following year: Flood, The Way It Is, 178.
72 Over the years, Flood visited: Judy Pace Flood interview; Lisanti, Fantasy Femmes of Sixties Cinema, 215.
72 Flood and Pace shared: Judy Pace Flood interview.
73 Before the meeting: Marvin Miller interview.
73 “Why is it”: Miller, A Whole Different Ball Game, 186.
73 Instead, the owners offered: MLBPA Memo from Miller to All Major League Players, 12/26/69, 1-2; “Minutes of Executive Board Meeting,” 12/13-14/69, 1-2 (on file with author).
73 The players also reviewed: “Minutes of Executive Board Meeting,” 12/13-14/69, 3; MLBPA Memo, “Discussions with the Owners’ Representatives Regarding the Reserve Rules,” 1-3 (on file with author).
73 “If you want to change”: SGD, 1/1/70, E2.
73 Miller spoke first: Marvin Miller interview.
74 “third degree”: Handwritten Meeting Notes, 12/13/69, 6 (on file with author).
74 The players were skeptical: Dick Moss interview; Tim McCarver interview;
Dal Maxvill interview; MLBPA Memo, “Discussions with the Owners’ Representatives Regarding the Reserve Rules,” 3.
74 Donn Clendenon: TSN, 3/15/69, 17, 20; Gross, “The Ballplayers’ Drive for Independence,” Sport, 8/69, 82.<
br />
74 The Expos coaxed: NYT, 3/19/69, 53; NYDN, 3/25/69, 88; Holtzman, “Two Divisions, Rules, Player Demands, Etc.,” 271-75.
74 shaggy-haired, mod-dressing: Harrelson, Hawk, 224-44.
74 dark glasses: Ibid., 231.
74 $75,000 plus $25,000: Holtzman, “Two Divisions, Rules, Player Demands, Etc.,” 277; Kuhn, Hardball, 50; Briley, “Baseball and America in 1969,” 274. Compare Gross, “The Ballplayers’ Drive for Independence,” Sport, 8/69, 15 (claiming that Harrelson’s salary was $50,000 annual contract plus $25,000 for promotional services).
74 Maury Wills: TSN, 6/14/69, 18; TSN, 6/28/69, 26.
75 caveat emptor: TSN, 12/20/69, 28; Holtzman, “Two Divisions, Rules, Player Demands, Etc.,” 277-78.
75 After Miller spoke: Marvin Miller interview; “Minutes of Executive Board Meeting,” 12/13-14/69, 3-4.
75 “under the same yoke”: Handwritten Meeting Notes, 12/13/69, 6; Korr, The End of Baseball As We Knew It, 88. See also Flood, The Way It Is, 193 (Flood’s recollection).
75 After Flood finished: Handwritten Meeting Notes, 12/13/69, 6; Marvin Miller interview.
75 The player representatives questioned: Handwritten Meeting Notes, 12/13/69, 6-11; “Discussions with the Owners’ Representatives Regarding the Reserve Rules,” 3; Marvin Miller interview; Tim McCarver interview; Dal Maxvill interview.
75 “A lot of people think”: SPD, 1/27/70, 3B.
76 Tom Haller: Handwritten Meeting Notes, 12/13/69, 7 (“with today’s social situation, is being black a motivation”); Flood, The Way It Is, 17 (“This is a period of black militance. Do you feel that you’re doing this as part of a movement?Because you’re black?”); Miller, A Whole Different Ball Game, 185 (“He mentioned first the turbulence of the 1960s, the struggle over civil rights and black power, a new consciousness about race relations and past injustices and the righting of wrongs. Haller’s question then was: ‘Are you doing this simply because you’re black and you feel that baseball has been discriminatory?’”); Holtzman, “Two Divisions, Rules, Player Demands, Etc.,” 304.
76 Haller’s question: Miller, A Whole Different Ball Game, 185-86; Marvin Miller interview.
76 But the question was: Tim McCarver interview; Tom Haller interview; Ron Brand interview; Miller, A Whole Different Ball Game, 185-86.
76 “I didn’t want”: Tom Haller interview.
76 “I wanted to make”: Ron Brand interview.
76 “fascinating question”: Flood, The Way It Is, 17.
76 Flood explained: Handwritten Meeting Notes, 12/13/69, 7; Flood, The Way It Is, 17-18, 195; Miller, A Whole Different Ball Game, 186; Marvin Miller interview; Tom Haller interview.
77 Flood knew: Flood, The Way It Is, 17-18.
77 Not even McCarver: Tim McCarver interview.
77 Jim Bunning; Reggie Jackson . . . asked; Haller asked; McCarver asked: Handwritten Meeting Notes, 12/13/69, 7.
77-78 Moe Drabowsky; Bob Locker; Several players; Roberto Clemente; Reggie Jackson: Ibid., 8.
78 Steve Hamilton; Bunning asked: Ibid., 9; Jim Lonborg interview.
78 Drabowsky asked: Handwritten Meeting Notes, 12/13/69, 9.
79 With Miller’s support: Korr, The End of Baseball As We Knew It, 95.
79 Clemente took up: Handwritten Meeting Notes, 12/13/69, 10.
79 In February 1954: There is some dispute about when Clemente was signed. Some sources say 1952, and Clemente claimed in that union meeting that he was 17. Ibid. That may have been the date of his first tryout, but Clemente was not officially signed until February 1954, when he was 19. TSN, 3/3/54, 26.
79 $10,000 bonus (and $5,000 salary): According to Clemente biographer David Maraniss, Clemente received a $10,000 bonus from the Dodgers and $5,000 for the 1954 season. E-mail from David Maraniss, 12/15/05. Compare Handwritten Meetings Notes, 12/13/69, 10 (mentioning only $10,000) with TSN, 3/3/54, 26 (reporting that the Dodgers signed him for $15,000).
79 $4,000: Clemente said it was $5,000 (Handwritten Meetings Notes, 12/13/69, 10), but it was actually $4,000. TSN, 12/1/54, 26; TSN, 12/8/54, 20; NYT, 11/23/54, 28. Clemente was available for $4,000 instead of $10,000 for the typical Triple-A player because he was considered a bonus player. Branch Rickey, having left the Dodgers for the Pirates, knew this and stuck it to his nemesis, Dodgers owner Walter O’Malley, by grabbing Clemente for $4,000.
79 “He had me”; “made $300,000”: Handwritten Meetings Notes, 12/13/69, 10.
79 Max Alvis; Jackson asked; Drabowsky said: Ibid.
80 “(1) to take”: MLBPA Memo, “Discussions with the Owners’ Representatives Regarding the Reserve Rules,” 3.
80 Joe Torre: Handwritten Meeting Notes, 12/13/69, 10.
80 $5,000; complimentary Cadillac: NYT, 3/18/69, 52; NYT, 3/17/69, 52; TSN, 3/29/69, 12.
80 “I don’t care”: TSN, 3/15/69, 17.
80 “Knowing how”; “I knew Curt”: Joe Torre interview.
80 Bunning said; Alvis said: Handwritten Meeting Notes, 12/13/69, 11.
81 A question then arose: Ibid., 10-11; Marvin Miller interview; “Minutes of Executive Board Meeting,” 12/13-14/69, 4; Miller, A Whole Different Ball Game, 187.
81 $195,000: “Minutes of Executive Board Meeting,” 12/13-14/69, 3.
81 When Miller returned: Marvin Miller interview.
81 Miller then asked: Handwritten Meeting Notes, 12/13/69, 11; “Minutes of Executive Board Meeting,” 12/13-14/69, 4; TT, 183:7-12 (Miller).
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82 The nameplate: NYT, 4/26/91, B9.
82 His partners: NYT, 12/19/76, F1.
82 Yet Arthur Goldberg: WP, 3/20/69, F7; Reeves, “Goldilocks . . . ,” NYTM, 6/14/70, 7.
82 Miller knew him: Miller, A Whole Different Ball Game, 187.
82 He also worked: Ibid., 187-88; Marvin Miller interview.
82 Goldberg raised Miller’s: Marvin Miller interview.
82 He selected Miller: Ibid.; Helyar, Lords of the Realm, 18-20.
82 When Goldberg left: NYT, 1/14/61, 24; WSJ, 1/16/61, 4.
83 Miller called Goldberg: Miller insisted that he initially phoned Goldberg after the December 13 meeting between Flood and the player representatives. Marvin Miller interview; Miller, A Whole Different Ball Game, 187. Goldberg’s phone records, however, indicate that Miller initially called him at Paul, Weiss on December 3. Goldberg Papers, Box I-135, Folder 3. Miller, moreover, claims that the morning they had breakfast, Goldberg appeared on page 1 of the New York Times in a story about the Democrats wanting him to run for office. Marvin Miller interview; Miller, A Whole Different Ball Game, 188-89; NYT, 12/5/69, 1 (“21 Leaders Urge Race by Goldberg”); NYT, 12/10/69, 1 (when he announced that he would not run). It is extremely unlikely that upon returning from Puerto Rico on December 15 Miller would have asked Goldberg about running for office, because Goldberg had already announced that he would not be running. NYT, 12/13/69, 1; NYT, 12/14/69, 71. Miller specificallyremembered the story appearing on page 1 and in the same day’s paper (and he was still in Puerto Rico on December 13 and 14). Marvin Miller interview; Miller, A Whole Different Ball Game, 188-89. Thus, Miller must have spoken with Goldberg before the meeting in Puerto Rico and then after Puerto Rico arranged a meeting between Goldberg and Flood.
83 On the way to breakfast: Miller, A Whole Different Ball Game, 188-89.
83 There was Goldberg: NYT, 12/5/69, 1.
83 In the 1966 gubernatorial: Reeves, “This Is the Battle of the Titan?” NYTM, 11/1/70, 224.
83 An October 1 poll: WP, 11/16/69, 2.
83 Before they began discussing: Marvin Miller interview; Miller, A Whole Different Ball Game, 188-89.
83 When he won: Miller, A Whole Different Ball Game, 188-89.
83 “I took myself”: Goldberg Press Conference, 4/25/68, 4, Goldberg Papers, Box I:48, Folder 2. Goldberg repeated this on several occasions, including his speech to the Johnson cabinet meeting announcing his resignation as UN ambassador. Cabinet Speech, 4/23/68, 1, Goldberg Papers, Box I:33, Folder 12.
83 “I personally”: Goldberg Press Conference, 4/25/68, 4.
84 With this in mind: Marvin Miller interview; Miller, A Whole Different Ball Game, 188-89.
84 “This decision is final”: NYT, 12/10/69, 1.
84 With Dick Moss at his side: Marvin Miller interview; Miller, A Whole Different Ball Game, 189-90.
84 He had seen Goldberg: Miller, A Whole Different Ball Game, 188.
84 Although Goldberg was unsuccessful: Shaplen, “Peacemaker-I,” New Yorker, 4/7/62, 90.
84 In the span of three weeks: Shaplen, “Peacemaker-I,” New Yorker, 4/7/62, 90, 95; Stebenne, Arthur J. Goldberg, 210.
84 “[i]t was the overwhelming”: Mikva, “In Memoriam—Arthur Goldberg, the Practitioner,” Supreme Court Historical Society 1990 Yearbook, 1; Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952).
84 In 1957 he argued: Stebenne, Arthur J. Goldberg, 177, 220; Marvin Miller interview; Textile Workers Union v. Lincoln Mills, 353 U.S. 448 (1957); United Steelworkers of Am. v. Am. M’frg Co., 363 U.S. 564 (1960).
84 He educated: Stebenne, Arthur J. Goldberg, 172, 174; Halberstam, The Best and the Brightest, 71.
85 Goldberg could see: Shaplen, “Peacemaker-I,” New Yorker, 4/7/62, 110, 112; Stebenne, Arthur J. Goldberg, 174, 216-19.
85 After accepting: Shaplen, “Peacemaker-II,” New Yorker, 4/14/62, 68.
85 One of the most visible: Ibid., 49.
85 “I gave”: Goldberg, A Private View of a Public Life, 132. Kennedy was reluctant to send Goldberg to the Supreme Court because of Goldberg’s value to the administration. Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, 379; Schwartz, Super Chief, 447. On the process of selecting Goldberg for the Supreme Court, see Guthman and Shulman, eds., Robert Kennedy in His Own Words, 115-18; Schwartz, Super Chief, 446.
85 Arthur Joseph Goldberg: Stebenne, Arthur J. Goldberg, 3-6; Shaplen, “Peace-maker-I,” New Yorker, 4/7/62 58, 60, 63.
85 Frankfurter believed: Schwartz, Super Chief, 446; Lewis, Gideon’s Trumpet, 155.
85 Goldberg and fellow liberals: Rodell, “The ‘Warren Court’ Stands Its Ground,” NYTM, 9/27/64, 120; Horwitz, The Warren Court and the Pursuit of Justice, 11-12.
