37. See Leo Kuper, Passive Resistance in South Africa (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957).
38. Richard Crockatt, Einstein and Twentieth-Century Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), p. 19.
39. Ronald W. Clark, Einstein: The Life and Times (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1973), pp. 498, 581.
In May 1953, Einstein wrote to a Brooklyn schoolteacher who asked his opinion of the McCarthyite hearings: ‘Frankly, I can only see the revolutionary way of non-cooperation in the sense of Gandhi’s. Every individual who is called before one of these communities ought to refuse to testify.’ See Walter Isaacson, Einstein: His Life and Universe (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2007), p. 529.
For a detailed analysis of Einstein’s views on Gandhi, from the 1920s to the 1950s, see Bhikhu Parekh, ‘Einstein on Gandhi’s Non-Violence’, in his Debating India: Essays on Indian Political Discourse (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2015).
40. Italo Calvino, ‘Il Duce’s Portraits’, New Yorker, 6 January 2003.
41. Malcolm Muggeridge, Tread Softly, for You Tread on My Jokes (London: Fontana, 1968), p. 187.
42. J.R. Glorney Bolton to Gandhi, 2 August 1931, Subject File 82, Gandhi Papers, First and Second Instalments, NMML.
43. BC, 9 November 1935.
44. On the Chipko movement, see Guha, The Unquiet Woods, Chapter 7; on the Narmada movement, see Amita Baviskar, In the Belly of the River: Tribal Conflicts over Development in the Narmada Valley (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1995).
45. Rajni Bakshi, Bapu Kuti: Journeys in Rediscovery of Gandhi (New Delhi: Penguin India, 1998); Ela Bhatt, We Are So Poor, But So Many: The Story of Self-Employed Women in India (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).
46. Savarirayan Jesudason, ‘Bapu’, in Chandrashanker Shukla, editor, Reminiscences of Gandhiji (Bombay: Vora and Co., 1951), p. 182.
47. The tragedy of the Rohingyas is further proof of the relevance of Gandhi’s ideas in this regard. Notably, while Aung San Suu Kyi has been reluctant to take on the fundamentalists of her own faith, the Dalai Lama has not been lacking in courage in this regard. The Tibetan leader has thus shown himself to be a better Gandhian, as well as a better Buddhist, than his counterpart in Myanmar. It is noble and brave to lead a non-violent struggle against an oppressive state; but perhaps nobler, and braver, to display compassion towards, and express solidarity with, those oppressed by one’s own community.
48. ‘Discussion with a Capitalist’, YI, 20 December 1928, CWMG, XXXVIII, p. 243.
49. ‘The Same Old Argument’, YI, 7 October 1926, CWMG, volume 31, p. 478f.
50. Muthukumara Mani, editor, Greening India’s Growth: Costs, Valuations, and Trade-Offs (New Delhi: Routledge, 2013).
51. See Venu Madhav Govindu and Deepak Malghan, The Web of Freedom: J.C. Kumarappa and Gandhi’s Struggle for Economic Justice (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2016).
52. ‘Reflections on Gandhi’ (first published in 1949), reprinted in George Orwell, Essays, selected and introduced by John Carey (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002), p. 1357.
53. Quoted in Joseph Epstein, Friendship: An Exposé (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2006), p. 71.
54. Reginald Reynolds, To Live in Mankind: A Quest for Gandhi (London: Andre Deutsch, 1951), p. 18 (emphasis in the original).
SAAA
Gandhi and Kasturba, shortly after their return from South Africa in 1915. The man standing, in the white turban, is the Madras publisher G.A. Natesan.
SAAA
Gandhi’s home, Hriday Kunj, in the Sabarmati Ashram, where he lived (when not on the road or in jail) between 1917 and 1930.
Author’s Collection
Bal Gangadhar Tilak, the great militant nationalist, whose death in 1920 allowed Gandhi to emerge as the unchallenged leader of the freedom movement.
Santiniketan Archives
Saraladevi Chaudhurani (née Ghoshal), with whom Gandhi once contemplated a ‘spiritual marriage’, photographed with her sister (seated).
Santiniketan Archives
The poet Rabindranath Tagore, a close friend and colleague, with whom Gandhi had several constructive (and instructive) arguments.
SAAA
Gandhi’s companion and political lieutenant, Vallabhbhai Patel, photographed at the time of the Bardoli Satyagraha in 1928, proudly bearing a peasant’s moustache (which he later discarded).
NMML
Motilal Nehru, the lawyer-constitutionalist with whom Gandhi worked closely in the 1920s; here seen, unusually, without a moustache.
SAAA
Gandhi with Jamnalal Bajaj, the businessman-turned-freedom-fighter whom he thought of as his fifth son.
SAAA
Maulana Azad, the leading Muslim Congressman and a member of Gandhi’s inner circle for three decades.
Santiniketan Archives
C.F. (Charlie) Andrews, Gandhi’s closest English friend, a bridge-builder between the nationalists and the Raj, known as ‘Deenbandhu’, friend of the poor and lowly in India and everywhere.
SAAA
Gandhi with Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (Rajaji), his Southern Commander, a scholar-patriot whom he once referred to as ‘the keeper of my conscience’.
SAAA
Gandhi with the pre-eminent female Congress leader, the poet (and wit) Sarojini Naidu.
Author’s Collection
An Indian artist’s representation of Gandhi’s meeting with King George V, London, 1931.
SAAA
Gandhi with the Nobel Prize–winning novelist Romain Rolland, who wrote an adulatory book about him.
SAAA
Gandhi with millworkers in Lancashire, 1931. The lady in a shawl and with her hair covered is Madeleine Slade (Mirabehn), his adopted English daughter.
NMML
An ad in the New York Times, circa 1931, referring knowledgeably (and humorously) to Gandhi’s scanty attire.
Estate of Low
A cartoon by Low, circa late 1932, from a British newspaper, perhaps the Evening Standard.
Estate of Kanu Gandhi
The hut in the Sevagram Ashram where Gandhi lived (when not on the road or in jail) from 1936 to 1946.
SAAA
Gandhi’s remarkable secretary, Mahadev Desai, at his side as always, and as so often, explaining a word or phrase to him.
Estate of Kanu Gandhi
Jawaharlal Nehru, Gandhi’s designated political successor, at Sevagram.
SAAA
Gandhi on his morning walk, in or near the Sevagram Ashram. To his left is the Pathan proponent of non-violence, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan; to Khan’s left is Mahadev Desai.
Estate of Kanu Gandhi
A meeting of white-clad Congress nationalists in the NWFP, 1938. Gandhi and Ghaffar Khan are on the podium.
SAAA
Subhas Chandra Bose at the Haripura Congress of 1938, where he was first elected party president (Maulana Azad is behind him, and Jawaharlal Nehru behind Azad).
The Hindu
A crowd greeting Gandhi at a wayside railway station, late 1930s.
Maharashtra State Archives, Nagpur
An office order of the Congress government in the Central Provinces in 1938, instructing all (and especially) British officials to henceforth refer to Gandhi as ‘Mahatma’.
The Hindu
Gandhi with General and Mrs Chiang Kai-shek, Calcutta, 1942.
Author’s Collection
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, leader of the Muslim League, founder of the state of Pakistan, with whom Gandhi argued often through the 1930s and 1940s.
Author’s Collection
After Jinnah, B.R. Ambedkar was Gandhi’s most formidable political opponent; one argued that the Congress did not represent Muslims, the other that Gandhi could not represent the Depressed Classes. Here is Ambedkar, photographed with the American journalist Louis Fischer in a Bombay tenement, circa 1942.
Estate of Kanu Gandhi
Gandhi at work in the ashram, early 1940s.
SAAA
Kasturba at work in the ashram, early 1940s.
The Hindu
Gandhi, sombre.
SAAA
Gandhi, smiling.
Estate of Kanu Gandhi
Gandhi on a river ferry in rural Bengal, 1945.
Index
The index links provided will take you to the beginning of the corresponding page of the print edition. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Aaj (newspaper)
aarti ritual
Abbottabad
Abdul Hamid II, Caliph of Islam, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Abdullah, Sheikh 36.1, 36.2, 37.1
Abyssinia
Addams, Jane 09.1, 22.1
Aden
Adi-Dharm movement
Adoni
Afghanistan 07.1, 28.1, 31.1
Africa, Africans 13.1, 26.1, 29.1, 29.2
African Americans 08.1, 18.1, 19.1, 27.1, 29.1, 30.1, 33.1
Ambedkar on
African National Congress 27.1, epl.1
Afridis
Aga Khan III 19.1, 28.1, 29.1, 30.1
Agra
Agra University Students Union
Agrani
ahimsa see non-violence
Ahmed, Maulvi Hamiduddin 34.1, 34.2
Ahmedabad
Bar Association
civil disobedience in
Civil Hospital
conference of political workers
Congress 09.1, 09.2
and death of Kasturba 31.1, 31.2
disturbances following Gandhi’s detention
Gandhi’s arrest in 07.1, 09.1
Gujarat Club
Gujarat Sabha
Gujarat Vidyapith (college) 06.1, 10.1, 17.1
Hindu-Muslim riots
Humanitarian League
Patel’s speech in
protests in
Sabarmati jail
and Salt March 16.1, 16.2
SEWA
textile mill workers and owners 03.1, 04.1, 13.1, 16.1
see also Sabarmati Ashram (Satyagraha Ashram), Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad Share and Stock Brokers Association
Ahmednagar
Fort
protests in
Ajmer 07.1, 37.1
Ajmer Sharif
Akali Dal
Akbar, Mughal Emperor
Akola 11.1, 21.1, 21.2
alcohol, sale of
prohibition campaign by Gandhi
see also picketing of shops selling liquor and foreign goods
Alexander, A.V.
Alexander, Horace 19.1, 30.1, 34.1, 35.1, 35.2, 37.1, epl.1
Ali, Asaf 10.1, 18.1, 21.1, 34.1
as railway minister of interim government
Ali, Choudhry Rahmat
Ali, Mohammad
on Afghanistan
and Aligarh Muslim University
arrested in Waltair
in Bengal with Gandhi
criticism of
death
friendship with Gandhi
on Gandhi
and Gandhi’s fast
Gandhi’s letters to
under house arrest
and Jamia Millia Islamia
Jinnah on 06.1, 31.1
and Khilafat delegation
Motilal Nehru on
on non-cooperation movement
and non-cooperative movement 14.1, 16.1
and non-violence
presents Gandhi with a cow
as president of Congress 09.1, 09.2
on ‘Rangila Rasul’
released under amnesty
rift with Gandhi 16.1, 16.2
speaks at Lahore Congress meeting
supporter of Turks 04.1, 05.1
on tour with Gandhi
at Unity Conference
visits Gandhi in hospital
Ali, Shaukat
and Aligarh Muslim University
appearance 06.1, 09.1
arrested in North India
arrested in Waltair
attack on Motilal Nehru and Hindus
in Bengal with Gandhi
death
friendship with Gandhi 05.1, 05.2
Gandhi on
with Gandhi in Rawalpindi
and Gandhi’s fast
under house arrest
interview with Gandhi in London
and Jamia Millia Islamia
Jinnah on
and Khilafat delegation
on Kohat riots
letters to Gandhi on Hindu–Muslim relations
Mahadev Desai on
meeting with Malaviya and Azad
Motilal Nehru advises Gandhi on
at Nagpur Congress meeting
released under amnesty
rift with Gandhi 10.1, 14.1, 16.1, 16.2
and Simon Commission
speaks at Unity Conference
supporter of Turks 03.1, 04.1, 05.1
on tour with Gandhi
visits Gandhi in hospital
Aligarh 04.1, 06.1, 15.1, 26.1
Muslim University 06.1, 10.1
All Andhradesa Brahmana Mahasabha
All India Khadi Board
All India Khilafat Day
All India Momin Conference
All India Radio 28.1, 29.1
All India Spinners Association (AISA) 11.1, 11.2, 26.1
‘All India Stores’
All India Village Industries Association (AIVIA) 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, 27.1
All-India Federation, prospects of 24.1, 25.1
All-India Women’s Conference
Allahabad
arrests in
Gandhi in 04.1, 15.1, 18.1, 28.1
Gandhi’s ashes immersed in
meeting of CWC in
meeting of Khilafat Committee
Muslim League annual conference
Muslims in
and Nehru Report
opening of temples in
University
Allen, George, and Unwin 13.1, 17.1
Alleppey
Almora
Aluwihare, Bernard
Alwar, maharaja of
Amarnath
Ambedkar, B.R. (Bhimrao Ramji)
agrees to joint electorates
Horace Alexander on
and Amrit Kaur
The Annihilation of Caste
on Anti-Untouchability League and recommendations
appointed to viceroy’s executive council 29.1, 30.1, 34.1, 34.2
asks for information on Gandhi’s weight during fast
attack on Gandhi and Jinnah
on attitude of Gandhi and Congress 26.1, 34.1
background a
nd career
BBC interview
and British
on caste system
at conference on Gandhi’s fast
on Congress
considers conversion 22.1, 34.1
contributes article to Harijan
converts to Buddhism
criticisms of Congress
and death of Kasturba
demands platform from BBC and All India Radio
on democracy
and Depressed Classes 19.1, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 22.1, 23.1, 23.2, epl.1
and Mahadev Desai
discussions with Gandhi 20.1, 21.1, 22.1
discussions with Patel
dislike of Gandhi
and elections (1946)
first meeting with Gandhi
followers of (Ambedkarites) question Gandhi
on Gandhi 23.1, 23.2, 25.1, 30.1, 32.1, 33.1, epl.1
Gandhi on 19.1, 19.2, 20.1, 20.2, 21.1, epl.1
Gandhi thanks for role in Poona Pact
on Gandhi-Jinnah talks
on Gandhi’s death
on Gandhi’s role in Poona discussions 20.1, 23.1
Carl Heath on
on Hinduism and Indian politics 22.1, 23.1, 23.2, 32.1
and Independent Labour Party
influence on Gandhi 20.1, 22.1
interviewed by Times of India
and Jinnah 26.1, 30.1, 36.1
and Kavitha incident
on Kemal Pasha
as law minister in government of independent India 36.1, epl.1
as leader of ‘untouchables’
letter to Gandhi on untouchability question
Gandhi Page 118
