by Simon Heffer
Asquith, Raymond 217, 447, 448
Asquith, Violet see Bonham Carter, Violet
Astor, William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount 470
Athlone, Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of (formerly Alexander of Teck) 592
Attlee, Clement 476, 809
Aud (steamer) 352
Audacious, HMS 137–8, 181
Augusta, Princess, of Cambridge 112
Australia/Australians 114, 174, 310, 357, 454, 493, 537, 626, 633, 758, 780; troops 60, 128, 182; and Ireland 626, 628
Austria/Austria-Hungary: and assassination of Franz Ferdinand 5–10 passim; and declaration of war on Serbia 10–46 passim, 49, 50, 52, 75, 82; and Germany 48, 50, 51, 56, 57, 69, 87; and Russia 39, 43, 48, 50, 52, 57, 61, 68; Britain declares war on 130; and Battle of Lemberg 139; Italy at war with 323, 556, 561; peace overtures and armistice 556, 557, 721, 728, 729, 730, 732–3, 754
Aylmer, Sir Fenton 341
Bacon, F. H. 151
Baden-Powell, Sir Robert 617
Baldwin, Stanley 91, 480, 523, 601, 740, 788, 794
Balfour, Arthur James: and entente cordiale with France 31; and Churchill 64, 71, 321–2; and Kitchener 71, 240, 295; and debate on the war 81; praises Cambon for his speech 122; discusses BEF with Haldane 128; speaks in support of Asquith 144; in charge of destruction of cattle 150; on the economy 159; joins War Council 182; and Dardanelles campaign 187, 188, 222; and Munitions Committee 194; relationship with Lloyd George 195, 323, 326, 403; and Churchill 196, 201, 222; on committee examining shell shortages 202; and the press 208; and French 221; becomes First Lord of the Admiralty 226, 228; responsible for defence of London 255; at meeting with Joffre in Calais 273; and conscription 278, 290, 308, 329; in new War Committee 295; and Irish Home Rule 378–9; and report of Battle of Jutland 397; discusses Battle of the Somme 412; increasingly anachronistic 440, 450, 451; loses faith in Asquith 448; misses meeting with Law 462; retained by Asquith as First Lord 464, 465, 466, and on War Committee 472; jealous of Asquith 474; and Lloyd George’s coup 475, 481, 485; and Dardanelles Commission report 509; and mission to America 519; and Loreburn’s motion on honours 524; complains of Lloyd George’s intolerable conduct 563; and peace negotiations 567; refuses to read Lansdowne’s peace plans 581, 584; and fall of the Tsar 588; and Northcliffe’s propaganda leaflets 664, 668; and Robertson 675; and Maurice 716; on peace negotiations with Germany 721–2, 730
Balfour of Burleigh, Alexander Bruce, Lord 286
Balkan League 73
Ballin, Albert 48
Bank Charter Act (1844) 61–2
Bank of England 54, 57, 61, 165, 793
Barbour, Mary 282
Baring, Sir Godfrey 709
Barnes, George 451–2, 455, 578, 621
Barrow-in-Furness 268, 594, 604
Bathurst, Lilias, Countess 135, 202, 236, 269, 435, 482, 517, 610, 666, 707
Beatty, Vice-Admiral Sir David vi, 138, 396, 397, 450, 511, 796
Beauchamp, William Lygon, 7th Earl 38, 67, 68, 71, 72, 87, 184
Beaufort, Louise Somerset, Duchess of 332
Beaverbrook, Max Aitken, 1st Baron: at Unionist house party 64; on Churchill 24, 225; friendship with Law 232; on Kitchener’s death 398; hosts lunch for Law and Lloyd George 400; and Northcliffe 437, 459, 465–6, 586, 659; hosts lunch for Law, Smith and Churchill 457; and Lloyd George’s coup 458, 459–60, 461, 463, 465, 467–8, 470, 475, 501; and Churchill 478; offered peerage 488–9, 521; as go-between between Law and Lloyd George 516; claims to have turned job down ‘on account of bad health’ 528; in charge of Ministry of Information and becomes Chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster 659–60, 661–2, 663, 664; threatens to resign 668; involved in Daily Chronicle conspiracy 737, 738; resigns to have throat operation 739; opposed to use of electoral ‘coupons’ 768, 769; on Haig 771; Men and Power 24, 458, 517, 735; Politicians and the War 225;see also Daily Express
Beck, Cecil 551
Bedford College, London University 102
Beethoven, Ludwig van 263
BEF see British Expeditionary Force
Belfast 360, 374, 389, 417, 627, 751, 752, 807, 810
Belgium 27, 39, 47, 54–5; violation of neutrality 11, 37, 47, 51–2, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62–3, 65, 67, 68, 74–5; and Schlieffen Plan 47–8, 500; mobilisation 58; rejects German ultimatum 69; and German ‘bullying’ 69, 70, 78; German invasion 72, 77, 104, 110, 128; and British support 75, 76, 77, 78–9, 81; and British declaration of war on Germany 83–8, 92, 107; and BEF 129, 132, 203; and German atrocities 137, 214, 217, 267; refugees 139, 149, 150, 217, 526; and Ireland 345, 387, 636; and peace negotiations 567, 568; Britain’s war aims for 576, 582, 585, 702, 721, 729, 731, 757; German air bases 607, 609; postwar debt 785; see also Antwerp
Bell, Clive 78, 105, 406
Bell, Tom 284
Bell, Vanessa 105, 406
Benckendorff, Count Alexander von, Russian ambassador to Britain 14–15, 21, 43
Benedict XV, Pope 348, 406
Bennett, Arnold 105, 106, 213, 659, 755; Clayhanger Trilogy 264; Lord Raingo 264, 659; The Pretty Lady 264; The Roll Call 264
Berchtold, Countess Ferdinanda 87
Berchtold, Count Leopold von, Austrian prime minister 21, 30, 44
Beresford, Admiral Lord Charles 97, 319, 514, 660
Berkendael Medical Institute 97
Bertie, Sir Francis, British ambassador to France 32, 34, 41, 42, 53, 54, 56, 58, 61, 63, 83, 708
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von, Chancellor of Germany 10, 13, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 55, 58, 73, 79, 83, 84, 86, 190, 347, 499
Beveridge, William 533
Bevin, Ernest 282
billeting 603–5
Billing, Noel Pemberton 666–7, 668
Billingsgate 163, 525
Binyon, Laurence 138, 263; ‘For the Fallen’ 138, 263, 266
Birkenhead: bantam battalion 178
Birkenhead, Lord see Smith, F. E.
Birmingham 111, 140, 234, 289, 495, 596, 654, 717, 651
Birrell, Augustine 124, 345, 346–7, 349, 350, 351, 353, 354, 357, 358, 365, 369–70, 374–5, 379, 383, 384
birth rate 331, 625, 784–5
black marketeers 122, 535, 611
Blackader, Major General Charles 366
Blackburn 305
Blackpool 242
Blandford, Dorset 259, 752
Blast (magazine) 264–5
Bliss, Arthur 95, 262, 653
Bloomsbury group 78, 98, 105, 612; see also Bell, Clive; Bell, Vanessa; Grant, Duncan; Strachey, Lytton; Woolf, Virginia
Blumenfeld, R. D. 304
Blunden, Edmund 262
Blythe, Colin 94
Board of Agriculture 526, 527, 548
Board of Trade 165, 175, 176, 206, 270, 319, 332, 451, 454, 456, 488, 551, 718; see also Burns, John; Runciman, Walter
Boer Wars 35, 71, 79, 87, 91, 93, 101, 128, 130, 158, 195, 254, 502, 756
Bonar Law, Andrew see Law, Andrew Bonar
Bonham Carter, Maurice 203, 223, 291, 293, 403, 467, 468
Bonham Carter, Violet (née Asquith) 97, 217, 224, 230, 291
Boothby, Robert Boothby (‘Bob’), Baron 254–5, 488
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1, 5, 7, 8, 10, 23
Botha, General Louis 105
Bottomley, Horatio 71, 93–4, 213–14, 229, 263, 289, 456, 666, 794
Boult, Adrian 652, 653
Boy Scouts 96, 617
Boyce, William: Hearts of Oak 151
Brabazon, Reginald see Meath, 12th Earl of
Brace, William 813
Bradbury, Sir John 121
Bradford 619
Bradford Pals 101, 410
Bradlaugh, Charles 93
Brahms, Johannes 263
Braintree, Essex 410, 545, 756
Briand, Aristide 505, 506
Bridge, Frank 266, 651, 652; Blow Out You Bugles 651; For God and King and Right 651; Four Characteristic Pieces 651; Lament 651
Bridges, Robert 106, 138, 266, 267
Bright, Charles 153
<
br /> Brightmore, James 639
Bristol 247, 268; TUC 281, 772
Britannia (journal) 103
British Army/British Expeditionary Force 23–4, 63, 70–71, 95, 97, 98, 100, 110, 121–2, 124–5, 127–9, 131–3, 134, 143, 146, 149, 181, 186; recruitment 94–7, 98–9, 100–1, 121–2, 135, 140–41, 142, 152, 178–9, 203, 212–13, 215, 239, 253, 263, 273–4, 289–92, 306–7, 309–11, 332–3, 546–7, 552, 580, 718, 779, see also Derby Scheme; bantam battalions 153, 178; casualties and losses 132, 133, 137, 138, 139, 140, 145, 181, 186, 190, 198, 199, 211, 212, 222, 242, 247, 249–50, 253–5, 269, 272–3, 288, 289, 301, 303, 304, 309, 341, 411–14, 420, 438, 439–40, 555, 562, 680, 711, 720–21, 779, 780; conscription 99, 110, 213, 239, 269–70, 273, 279, 286, 288–9, 307, 308, 312–13, 323, 324–6, 327–30, 331–3, 425–6, 439, 750; Welsh battalions 179–80; and the Irish 179, 311, 332, 343, 345, 348, 382, 427–9, 548, 685–6, 779; and women 550; and allowances see separation allowances; tanks 185, 567; shell and weapons shortages 132, 143, 165, 166, 180, 199–200, 202–3, 205, 207, 210, 213, 220, 221, 233, 234, 239, 240, 248, 315, 320, 641, 647, 654; under French command 505, 555, 646, 665, 710; in Italy 672; demobilisation 796–7, 798–803
British Journal of Psychology 783
British Museum 138, 317
British National Workers’ League 597, 750
British Summer Time 339, 787
British Undertakers’ Association 650
British Weekly 326
Britten, Benjamin 266, 651
Brockway, Archibald Fenner 325, 406
Brooke, Rupert 93, 147, 259–61, 262, 414–15, 425, 573; Blow Out You Bugles 651
Browne, W. Denis 147
Browning, F. W. 356–7
Brugha, Cathal 696
Bryce, James Bryce, 1st Viscount 267, 804; report on Belgian atrocities 214, 217–18, 267
Buchan, John 501–2, 571, 659; Greenmantle 501; Nelson’s History of the Great War 502; The Thirty-Nine Steps 501
Buchanan, Sir George, British ambassador to Russia 7, 19–20, 21–2, 25–6; on imminent war 26–7, 28, 29; and British support for Russia 31–2, 34, 37, 39, 43, 44, 45; on Russian mobilisation 34, 44, 45, 50; wires that Germany has declared war on Russia 63; urges support for Russia 68; and Tsar’s request for asylum 587, 588, 589
Buckmaster, Sir Stanley, Solicitor General 115, 147, 201, 236, 804
Bulgaria 82, 184, 314, 729, 732
Bull, Sir William 115
Burberry’s 91
Burgis, Laurence 411
Burnham, Lord 481, 582, 583
Burns, John, President of the Board of Trade 38, 55, 67, 68, 71, 85, 86
Bury: bantam battalion 178
bus conductors, female 285, 718
Butt, Alfred 487
Butt, Clara 274
Byles, Sir William 81, 333, 404, 424
Byng, General Julian 796
Byrne, Alfred 687, 688
Byrne, Brigadier General Sir Joseph 685, 700
Cadbury, George 80
Caillaux, Henriette 9–10
Caillaux, Joseph 9
Calais 111, 273, 504, 505; camp 805–6
Callwell, Major General Sir Charles 680
Calmette, Gaston 9
Calthrop, Guy 599
Cambon, Jules 19
Cambon, Paul 19, 24, 26, 48–9, 52, 53, 55, 57, 58, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68, 74, 122, 239–40
Cambrai, Battles of: 1917 567, 643; 1918679, 680, 755
Cambridge, Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of 592
Cambridge University 302, 334, 335, 422, 580
Campbell, Mrs Patrick 103
Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry 35, 236
Camperdown, Robert Haldane-Duncan, 3rd Earl of 384
Canada/Canadians 64, 167, 232, 275, 317, 465, 489, 626, 633, 659, 780; troops 60, 128, 218, 238–9, 390, 555, 662, 806; harvests 454, 493, 499
Caporetto, Battle of (1917) 564
Carden, Vice-Admiral Sir Sackville 184, 187, 231, 445
Cardiff 144, 145, 270, 271, 272, 423, 457, 751
Carlisle 604
Carlyle, Thomas 820
Carson, Sir Edward 446–7; and Home Rule 52–3, 123, 124, 125, 126; at house party with Law and other Unionists 64; and F. E. Smith 64, 134; joins coalition government 226, 236, 345–6, 375; and conscription 273, 276, 326, 327. 329; feels cabinet is useless 281, 295; resigns 293–4, 297; and Lloyd George 312, 320, 326; as de facto leader of opposition 324; argues that strikers are guilty of high treason 337; and Easter Rising 370, 371; and Ulster 376, 377, 378, 380, 381, 383, 388, 628, 629; and Ulster Volunteers 412, 427–8; an example of ‘real virile, strong men’ 435; Lloyd George proud to serve under 446; on the cost of the war 449; and policy on food 455; and Law’s resignation 458; and formation of new War Council 459, 460, 461–2, 470, 472; detested by Asquith 464; and Lloyd George’s coup 475, 476; as First Lord of the Admiralty 484, 485, 512; replaced by Geddes 512–13, 518; warns of food shortages 529; supports Haig’s Western Front strategy 561; on sacrifices of Home Rulers 631; resigns over conscription in Ireland 658–9, 699; and Chamberlain 662; ‘supreme in cabinet’ 692; attacks Northcliffe 739–40
Casement, Sir Roger 342, 343, 345, 347, 348, 351–2, 353, 379, 381–2, 385, 391–2
Cavan, Rudolph Lambart, 10th Earl of 727
Cave, Sir George, home secretary 520, 597, 608, 612, 613, 618, 667, 668, 692, 707, 718
Cavell, Edith vi, 97, 255–9, 303, 373, 780–81
Cavendish-Bentinck, Lord Henry 748
Ceannt, Éamonn 349, 354, 356
Cecil, Lord Hugh 44, 76, 624, 714, 805, 818
Cecil of Chelwood, Lord Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount 125, 152, 226, 320, 373, 462, 471, 473, 478, 479, 481, 487, 563, 571, 584, 585, 589, 668, 824
censors/censorship 16, 104, 115, 133–8, 147, 159, 166, 191, 200–1, 202, 209, 210, 220, 221, 240, 255, 263, 294, 315, 344, 362, 410–11, 413–14, 415–16, 417, 422, 432, 558, 581, 588, 665–6, 667, 669, 684
Central Committee for National Patriotic Organisations 253, 267, 586
Central Liquor Control Board 171
Chamberlain, Austen 64; and Home Rule 124, 125; endorses Lloyd George’s economic proposals 159; in coalition government 208, 226; against excessive censorship 209; becomes Secretary of State for India 226, 341; and Milner 226; and Derby 29; in Asquith’s committee on conscription 323; and Lloyd George’s appointment to the War Office 402; chairs Manpower Distribution Board 426, 430; and Lloyd George coup 446, 462, 468, 471, 473, 478, 479; and the press 482, 660–61, 662, 663, 708; as Secretary of State for India under Lloyd George 485, 502; demands that Haig be retained 487; resigns over Kut-el-Amara debacle 517; and the Irish question 691, 696; appointed to War Cabinet 708; and Lloyd George’s rebuttal of Maurice 713; wants a stronger Opposition 773; on his new postwar Tory colleagues 788; becomes Chancellor of the Exchequer 789–90, 801; and labour disputes 808; his Budget 823
Chamberlain, Joseph 9, 495
Chamberlain, Neville 234, 495, 526, 537, 545–7, 548, 549, 550–51, 552, 668, 773
Chancellor, Henry 453
Chaplin, Charlie 416, 417
Chaplin, Eric Chaplin, 2nd Viscount 634, 635
Charles, Emperor see Karl, Kaiser
Charrington, Frederick 152
Chatfield, Captain Ernle vi, 396
Chatham 560
Chelmsford, Essex 177, 410, 413
Chelmsford, Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount 633, 820
Cheshunt: Zeppelin raid (1915) 255
Chesterton, G. K. 104, 106
Chetwynd, Sir George Chetwynd, 5th Baronet 684
children: and crime 615–19, 744; and education 742–6; illegitimate 78, 176–8, 614; in poverty 98, 102, 108, 122; see also birth rate
Chilwell, Nottinghamshire: factory explosion (1918) 235, 683–4
Christian, Princess 97
Churchill, Clementine vi, 230, 300, 315, 321, 322, 327
Churchill, Winston: as First Lord of the Admiralty 18, 27, 34, 55; on Austrian note to Serbia 23; and the Irish question
24, 44, 125; and Grey 35; in cabinet 61; orders naval reserve to be mobilised 63; considers coalition government 64; distrusted by Law 64; and Lloyd George’s change of mind 70; suggests Kitchener for War Office 71; and outbreak of war 85; and Prince Louis of Battenberg 113, 114; in Council of War 127, 129; and fall of Namur 131; presses for conscription 132; and the sinking of Amphion 133, and Audacious 137; attacks the press 133; rebukes Northcliffe 136; clashes with his advisers 143–4; on mission to King of the Belgians 146; tries to resign from Admiralty 146; and fall of Antwerp 146–7; and recall of Admiral Fisher from retirement 147–8; and German raids 160, 161; suggests sanctions against unpatriotic workers 166; and abstinence 169–70; on poverty as drag on recruitment 178; included in War Council 182, 195–6; and Asquith 196, 197, 199, 201, 208; favours coalition 196, 197; and Dardanelles campaign 183–5, 186, 187, 188–9, 192, 193, 222–3, 225, 231, 240–41, 295, 300, 314, 403; and Fisher’s resignation 222–3, 225, 227; ‘a real danger’ 226; removed from Admiralty 227, 228, 229–31; writes an appreciation of Rupert Brooke 259–60; draws up memorandum on national war service 269; wants unlimited recruiting 278; on Northcliffe 279; agrees with Lloyd George on inefficiency of government 281; lobbies for Kitchener to be replaced 288; attacks Derby 289–90; backs Lloyd George on conscription 292, 293; excluded from War Committee 295, 296, 300; resigns from government 300; commands 6th Royal Scots Fusiliers in France 300, 323; defended by Asquith 303; warns of shortage of ships 320–21; urges that Fisher be recalled 321–2; attacked for his speech 322–3; returns to England 327; wants Lloyd George’s resignation 327, 328; and Wimborne’s appointment 358; writes account of Battle of Jutland 397; on Robertson 399; shocked by Lloyd George 401; fails to get cabinet post 401; opposed to great military offensives 409, 412, 420–21; and Dardanelles Commission 443, 444, 445–6, 508, 510; on Asquith’s position 447; speaks on the iniquities of the government 457–8; and Lloyd George coup 461, 478, 479, 486, 488, 510; makes statesmanlike speech 513; appointed Minister of Munitions 513–18 passim; has doubts about beating Germans on Western Front 561; and formation of Royal Air Force 566–7; instigates shelters for munitions workers 606; criticises Home Defence 643; complains of lack of manpower in the Army 646; and loss of men from munitions factories 682, 683; and explosion at Chilwell Factory 684; and strikers 717–18; and armistice negotiations with Wilson 730; on Armistice Day 759; and demobilisation 763, 770, 795, 797, 798, 799–801, 802–3; angry with Beaverbrook 769; in the War Office 789, 790, 799; supports Birkenhead as Lord Chancellor 790; and award of honours 795; and an Army of Occupation 801; and strikes 808, 811; on nationalisation of the railways 814; view of India 820; planning war in Russia 821
