by Simon Heffer
Times Literary Supplement 650
Tipton (1916) 318
Titanic 137, 418
TNT factories 553–4, 607, 683–4
tobacco/tobacconists 419, 545, 600, 649–50, 656
Townshend, Major General Charles 341
trades unions: antiwar 68, 98; shipbuilding 165, 166, 222–3, 235, 274, 645, see also Clydeside workers; munitions 167, 168, 211, 247, 248–8, 281–2; and Treasury Agreement 167, 194; ‘black squad’ system 173; and allowances 179; and production 194, 203; and recruitment and conscription 203–4, 281, 285, 286, 311, 494, 544, 593–4, 750; restrictive practices 221–2, 233, 246; and ‘dilution’ 235, 282, 283, 284–5, 316; and female workers 246, 247, 285, 439–40; Triple Alliance 285, 544, 596, 810, 812; Irish 344, 391, 631, 694; and fair food distribution 541; and Russian Revolution 554, 585, 595, 598; and UDC 584–5; and Trade Card Scheme 593–4; compulsory membership 619; Scottish 636, see also Clydeside workers; and Metropolitan Police 718–19, 812; and school children 743; and the Labour Party 749, 764, 788, 813; and demobilisation 797; and disabled men 815; see also Amalgamated Society of Engineers; industrial unrest; miners; Miners Federation of Great Britain; National Union of Railwaymen; Trades Union Congress
Trades Union Congress (1915) 281, 282, 290, 578, 584, 749
tram conductors, female 176, 285, 718
Treasury 54, 62, 85, 121, 158, 165, 169, 173, 225, 236, 390, 586, 599, 600, 601, 655,748, 786, 788; Treasury Agreement 167, 194
Tree, Sir Herbert Beerbohm 103–4
trench warfare 93, 129, 139, 149, 157, 166, 167–8, 185, 192, 194, 220, 239, 273, 288, 292, 408–10, 414–16, 420, 457, 513, 550, 681, 714
Trenchard, General Hugh 611, 704–5, 802
Trent Bridge, Nottinghamshire 151
Trevelyan, Charles 423, 438
Trevelyan, G[eorge] M[acaulay] 106
trials 650
Tribunal (newspaper) 640
Triple Alliance 285, 544, 596, 810, 812
Triple Entente 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 27, 31, 54
Tschirschky, Heinrich von, German ambassador to Austria 10, 33, 51
TUC see Trades Union Congress
Turkey/Turks see Ottoman Empire
Tyneside shipyards 173, 174, 204
Tyrrell, Sir William 62
U-boats 145, 181, 190, 214, 352, 397, 451, 499, 500, 529, 530, 533, 547, 696, 700, 769
UDC see Union of Democratic Control
Ulster/Ulster Unionists 52, 76, 123; and Curragh incident 297; and Home Rule 21, 124, 125, 126, 376, 377–9, 446–7; Ulstermen in British Army 125, 343, 376–7, 382, 412, 417, 428, 626; and Easter Rising 370; and exclusion from rest of Ireland 377–8, 379–80, 382, 383, 385–9, 626, 627–8, 629, 630, 691–2; and conscription 686, 688, 694–5; and Catholic Church 700; see also Carson, Edward
Ulster Volunteers 412, 417, 447, 635
undertakers 650
unemployment, postwar 754, 762, 770, 805, 808, 810, 811, 812
Union of Democratic Control (UDC) 80, 579–81, 584, 595, 597
Unionist Party: and Home Rule 8–9, 376; anti-German 36, 116, 219, 224, 238; supports government 64, 65, 67, 68; against alcohol tax 173; critical of government 128, 187, 188, 228, 242–3; dislike of Kitchener 225, and Churchill 225, 228, 234, 478, 513, 566; and conscription 273, 276, 292, 304, 307, 327; and coalition 211, 226, 228, 235–6, 237, 238, 242; War Committee 324, 328, 329; and Lloyd George 320, 402, 458, 469, 474–5, 476, 477, 478; and Lansdowne 440, 487, 584; and Asquith 469, 472, 473, 475, 476, 481; War Committee demands government stops recruiting newspaper proprietors 662; and Fisher’s bill 745, 746; see also Balfour, A. J.; Chamberlain, Austen; Curzon of Kedleston, Marquess; Law, Andrew Bonar; Smith, F. E.; Ulster Unionists
unions see trades unions
United Press of America 436
United States of America 46, 86, 167, 190, 194, 263, 319, 330, 338, 395, 424, 499, 500; and Ireland 125, 343, 344, 349, 355, 362, 368, 379, 392, 547, 626, 628, 633, 634, 693, 780, 818; loan to Britain 159, 786; and sinking of Lusitania 214, 216; and Edith Cavell’s execution 255, 256, 258; harvests 454, 499; enters the war 500, 502, 513, 519, 544, 555, 564, 567, 639, 643, 644, 646, 668, 670, 680, 691, 703, 720, 728, 729, 731, 733, 759; and Northcliffe 520; trades with Britain 526, 528; and ‘Lansdowne Letter’ 584; and Armistice 754; see also Wilson, President Woodrow
Urquhart, Francis ‘Sligger’ 414
VADs see Voluntary Aid Detachments
Vaillant, Édouard 17
Vane, Major Sir Francis 362
Vaughan Williams, Ralph 95, 262, 651, 652, 653, 742; London Symphony 652
venereal disease (VD) 18, 339, 612–14, 655, 761, 783–4
Verdun, Battle of (1916) 189, 398–9, 407, 409, 448, 504
Verney, Harry 164, 588, 661
Versailles: peace conference 497, 565, 566, 582, 648, 665, 669, 670, 671, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 680, 692, 710, 740, 795, 797, 800, 820–21, 822–3; Treaty 1, 815, 824–5
Vickers, Miss 275
Vickers’ factory, Erith 275
Victoria, Queen 80, 113, 432, 433, 591
‘Victory Bonds’ 794
Vigilante (periodical) 666–7
Villiers, Sir Francis, British ambassador to Belgium 47, 59, 64, 77, 84, 85, 8692
Viviani, René 9, 15, 56
Voluntary Aid Detachments (VADs) 140, 331, 545
Volunteer Training Corps 162
Vorticism 264–5
WAACs see Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps
wages 163, 165, 245–6, 270, 274, 426, 527, 598, 599, 605, 749–50; and alcohol consumption 172, 173, 235; postwar 763, 793, 808, 811, 813
Wagner, Richard 96, 263
Wakefield, Henry, Bishop of Birmingham 618
Walmer Castle 97, 184, 185, 195, 466, 467
Walpole, Sir Robert 77
War Babies’ and Mothers’ League 177
War Bonds 268, 600, 657
War Book, the 118–19
War Budget 157–9
War Committees: under Asquith 119, 186, 242–3, 295–6, 313, 318, 320, 397, 412, 421, 439, 444, 451; Unionist 324, 328, 329, 662; and Lloyd George 458, 460, 463–75 passim, 488, 493
War Council (formerly Council of War) 120, 159, 182, 184, 186, 187, 188–9, 192, 193, 196, 222, 223, 242
Ward, Bessie 612–13
Wardle, George 449, 575–6
War Loan 159
War Office 70, 94, 99, 101, 127, 141, 180, 191, 194, 232, 241, 248
Watt, Mrs Alfred 167
Waugh, Alec: The Loom of Youth 573, 650
weapons production see munitions
Webb, Beatrice 98, 143, 248, 282, 325–6, 365, 554, 578, 736, 753, 755, 824
Webb, Sidney 143, 213, 478, 578–9, 736
Webley and Scott 91
Wedgwood, Josiah 79, 748, 804
Weekly Dispatch 135
Weizmann, Chaim 183
Welch Regiment 101
welfare services 599–600, 604, 621, 670, 746–7
welfare state 2, 517, 600, 778
Wellington House: Propaganda Bureau 105–6, 267, 501, 665
Wells, H. G. 104, 106, 183, 213, 232, 260, 264, 313, 338, 411–12, 554, 586, 588, 590, 664; Joan and Peter 264, 682, 746; Mr Britling Sees it Through 264, 419–20; The Soul of a Bishop 264, 650; The War in the Air 163
Welsh Army Corps 145, 179–80
Wemyss, Hugo Charteris, 11th Earl of 97, 474
Wemyss, Sir Rosslyn 642
Wemyss, Mary Charteris, Lady 97
Westminster Gazette 19, 81–2, 200, 450, 564
Whitby 160, 161
White, Sir Archibald 151
white feathers 143
Whitley, J. H./Whitley Councils 620, 750, 807
Wilde, Oscar 446; Salome 667
Wilhelm, Crown Prince 754
Wilhelm, King of Württemberg 215
Wilhelm II, Kaiser 7, 10, 15, 25, 28, 48, 50, 56, 57, 58, 68, 87, 115, 139, 140, 190, 215, 257, 432, 499, 500, 591, 729, 730, 754, 756, 759, 769, 770, 787
Wilkinson, Tom 615
&nbs
p; Williams, Llewellyn 81
Wilson, Sir Arthur 193
Wilson, General Sir Henry 64, 128; friendship with Sir John French 64; critical of War Office 70; and Kitchener 132, 279; told of the Asquiths’ drinking 198, 199; knighted 249; plots to bring Asquith down 324; and formation of the Supreme War Council 562; and Lloyd George’s ousting of Robertson 563, 642, 646, 671, 676; disliked by Hankey 565; as member of the Supreme War Council 642, 656, 670, 671, 673, 677; relationship with Lloyd George 646; distrusted by the King 676; as CIGS 679, 680, 681; demands mass conscription 682; and Maurice 709; warns Haig against incurring heavy losses 727; cautiously pessimistic 731, 732; on the dangers of Bolshevism 755; on Armistice Day 759; criticised by Mrs Asquith 769; on the general election 772; and progress of demobilisation 798, 799, 800, 801, 803; promoted to Field Marshall 796
Wilson, President Woodrow 395–6, 497, 499, 500, 566, 584, 585, 592, 628, 643, 703, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733, 774, 820, 821, 822
Wimborne, Lady Alice 358, 359
Wimborne, Lady Cornelia 518
Wimborne, Ivor Guest, 1st Viscount 302, 350, 351, 353–4, 358–9, 384, 385, 390, 694, 738
Winnington-Ingram, Dr Arthur, Bishop of London 256, 287, 725
Wolfe, Humbert 494–5
Wolverhampton 761, 768
women 2, 102–3; employment of 98, 108, 114, 159, 164, 167, 174–6, 207, 213, 235, 246, 247, 274, 275–6, 278, 281, 285, 316, 317–18, 330–32, 439–40, 528, 537, 548, 549–50, 621, 683, 718, 754, 778; and separation allowance 102, 122, 164–5, 178–9, 180, 274, 285, 330, 364, 494, 554, 603, 718, 762; and alcohol consumption 168–9, 317; enemy aliens 219; and ‘immorality’ 176–7, 247, 614, see also prostitution; in voluntary work 97, 102, 103, 175, 249, 547, 548, see also Voluntary Aid Detachments; and contraception 614–15; and the vote 176, 197, 434–5, 578, 621–5, 768, see also suffragettes; in Ireland 343, 351, 354, 355, 357, 360, 363, 364, 365, 373; and honours 522; postwar 778–9, 780; and see below
Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAACs) 537, 624, 655
Women’s Co-operative Guild 612
Women’s Emancipation Bill (1919) 815–16
Women’s Emergency Corps 103
Women’s Forestry Service 550
Women’s Institute 267, 275
Women’s Land Army 332, 548, 649
Women’s Legion 103
Women’s National Land Service Corps 332, 530, 548
Women’s Royal Naval Service (Wrens) 641–2, 655
Women’s Social and Political Union 103
Women’s Volunteer Reserve 103
Wood, Thomas McKinnon 285
Woolf, Virginia 264, 612, 613, 742, 757; The Voyage Out 264
Woolwich Arsenal 203, 235, 318, 683; female workers 754
Work for Women Fund 103
Worker, The (paper) 284
Worthington-Evans, Sir Laming 783, 790
Wright, Colonel William 232
Wyatt, Rendel 333
Yate, Colonel Charles 405, 618
Yates, Dornford (Cecil Mercer) 262
Yeats, William Butler 345, 685
Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) 140–41, 248, 652
Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA) 317–18
Younger, Sir George 515
Younghusband, Sir Francis 267
youth clubs 619
Ypres, Battles of: First (1914) 111, 114, 137, 179, 202, 204, 212, 218, 220, 238, 262, 755; Second (1915) 254, 304, 409, 662; Third Battle (1917) 503, 558–9, 560, 564
Zeebrugge 606
Zeppelins 150, 161, 162, 200, 204, 215, 220, 245, 255, 259, 277, 287, 318, 321, 338, 430–32, 605
Zimmerman, Arthur/Zimmerman telegram 500
Zionism/Zionists 183
PICTURE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Images are reproduced by kind permission of: Mary Evans Picture Library: Thomas Cook Travel Company poster (© Thomas Cook Archive); advertisement for Milton (© Illustrated London News Ltd). © Imperial War Museum: ‘Discharged Sailors and Soldiers’ poster; recruits at the Whitehall Recruiting Office; the scene during the sitting of a tribunal for Conscientious Objectors; a cartoon depicting a lazy conscientious objector by Frank Holland; a female London General Omnibus Company bus conductor; women munitions workers’ football team from the AEC Munitions Factory at Beckton; college girls collecting the pulled flax on a farm in Yeovil; Menu of No.74 Squadron R.F.C. dinner; female worker at a National Kitchen ticket office; C. R. W. Nevinson ‘The Food Queue’ (1918). Alamy: Armistice Day Celebrations (Chronicle); Kitchener and Haldane (Chronicle); advertisement for Oxo (Chronicle). Getty Images: meeting at the foreign office (Herbert Orth/The LIFE Images Collection); Herbert and Margot Asquith (© Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS); Admiral Jellicoe (Topical Press Agency); Scarborough Coast Guard Station (Popperfoto); Horatio Bottomley (Hulton Archive); Lord Northcliffe (Hulton Archive); shop window reading ‘We are Russians’ (Topical Press Agency); Edith Cavell (The Print Collector); common grave for Lusitania dead (Bettmann); Winston Churchill (Popperfoto via Getty Images); Sir Roger Casement (Culture Club); Easter Rebellion British troops with guns (Bettmann); police-women being inspected (Museum of London/Heritage Images); miners leaving the pithead (Print Collector); Edith Cavell’s funeral (Daily Mirror/ Mirrorpix). © National Portrait Gallery, London: Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon; Bertrand Russell; Edward George Villiers Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby; David Lloyd George; Maurice Pascal Alers Hankey, 1st Baron Hankey; Bonar Law; George Nathaniel Curzon, Marquess Curzon of Kedleston; Alfred Milner, Viscount Milner; Sir Frederick Barton Maurice; Herbert Albert Laurens Fisher; David Alfred Thomas, 1st Viscount Rhondda; Lady Ottoline Morrell and Julian Vinogradoff (née Morrell). © National Galleries of Scotland: George Allardice, 1st Baron Riddell of Walton Heath, 1865–1934 by Sir William Orpen. © National Library of Ireland: postcard of Éamon de Valera. Royal Collection Trust / © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2019: photograph of King George V in Buckingham Palace Gardens with Baron Stamfordham, June 1918. © Stirling Council Archives: front page of a National Ration Book. © King’s Hall and College of Brasenose in Oxford: First Earl Haig, Field Marshal by Sir William Orpen. Warwick Modern Records Centre: circular regarding the organisation of a ‘Labour, Socialist and Democratic Convention to hail the Russian Revolution’, May 1917. Wikimedia Commons: Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet; Arthur Henderson; John Redmond; 1917 cartoon of the Kaiser; Carl Hans Lody in the dock. All other images are the author’s own or from the publisher’s collection. Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission. The publisher apologises for any omissions and, if notified, will make suitable acknowledgment in future reprints or editions of the book.
The soldier on the front cover, Trooper George Wannell of the Royal Horse Guards, is shown with his wife Annie (1894–1961) and, it is believed, her younger sisters Margaret Elrick (born 1902) and Barbara Elrick (born 1903). Trooper Wannell was a baker, and his wife, whom he married in March 1916, a cake ornamenter. The photograph was taken at Waterloo Station shortly after their marriage. Trooper Wannell also served in the Labour Corps and the Machine Gun Corps, He survived the war, dying in 1938 aged forty-six.
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