by The Pandemic Century- One Hundred Years of Panic, Hysteria
Vaughan, Victor, 21–22, 31, 33, 36
vector-borne diseases, 165. See also animals, as disease vectors
Venezuela, Zika in, 334
Ventura, Liana, 354–55
Ventura, Marcelo, 354, 357
Veterans Administration Clinic, 150–51
veterinary epidemiology, human epidemiology and, 243–47
Vietnam, SARS in, 249–50, 256, 260, 273, 362
“village of the ancestors,” 287
viral infections, 8, 36–37. See also specific diseases
viral load, 202
“viral traffic,” changing rules of, globalization and, 234–35
virology, 165, 367
viruses, 7–8, 40
amplification of, 14
of animal origin, 12–13 (see also animals, as disease vectors)
mutations of, 13, 245–46
zoonotic, 12–13
“virus filtrants,” 41
vision loss, Zika and, 353–55
visna, 202–3
vrucellosis, 114
Wadsworth Medical Center, 182
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 181–82
war, pandemics and, 14, 61–62. See also specific wars
War Department, 18, 19, 22
war in Iraq, 251
Washington Post, 82, 109, 126, 169, 170
water systems, 185, 189, 190–91, 352–53, 362
weather, plague and, 78–79, 97
“web of causes,” 216
Webster, Robert, 245
Weisman, Joel, 195
Welch, William H., 22, 31, 31–36, 44–45, 58–59, 61
Wellcome Trust, 351
West Africa, 3, 13–14. See also specific countries
Westchester, New York, 220
West Nile virus, 335, 349n
West Park Hospital, 263
WhatsApp, 323, 324, 328
Wherry, William, 72
White, Ryan, 214
white blood cells, 35, 205, 397n, 405n. See also lymphocytes
White House, Biological Threats Department, 330
whooping cough, 38
wild habitats, encroachment of residential developments on, 101
Williams, Anna, 34–35, 48
Williams, Mrs. Percy Q., 117–18
Wolbach, Burt, 35
Wolbachia bacteria, 351
Womey, Guinea, 291
World Bank, cash fund for resource-poor countries, 366
World Health Organization (WHO), 4n, 11, 165, 177, 221, 232, 247, 250, 253, 342, 366–67
adds “Disease X” to list of potential pandemic threats, 365–66
Africa office, 336
Africa Regional Office (AFRO), 284
Communicable Diseases Division, 257, 336
complacency of, 365
decision instrument of, 334–35
declares Ebola a pheic, 303–5
dengue and, 322
Division of Emerging and Other Communicable Diseases, 290
Ebola and, 283–84, 293, 296–97, 299, 301–2, 303–5, 307–9, 311–12, 335–36, 365, 414n
Ebola Interim Assessment Panel, 312
fear propagated by alerts, 274
Global Influenza Program, 244
Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN), 257, 274, 284
Global Program on AIDS, 222
global travel alert for SARS, 250, 251, 265, 266, 274
influenza vaccination program, 247
International Health Regulations, 312
mass immunization campaigns of, 226
Mexican swine flu and, 368
SARS and, 257, 259–61, 273–75, 283
Zika and, 334–38
Zika emergency committee, 336–38
World War I, 7, 15, 17–19, 23–26, 28–29, 47, 61–62
Worobey, Michael, 224, 232–33
Writebol, Nancy, 300, 302, 303
Wu Lien-Teh, 77–79
X. cheopis, 385n
Yale University, 6
Yambuku, Zaire, 223, 286, 289, 290, 305, 313, 314
Yap islanders, 326–27, 327n
yellow fever, 41–42, 143, 280, 282, 320–21, 325, 335, 340, 347, 359, 362
Yemen, cholera in, 342
Yeoh Eng-kiong, 253
Yersin, Alexandre, 68
Yersinia pestis, 68, 72, 73, 78–79, 80, 82, 99, 150
Yi Guan, 246–47, 248, 270, 273
York Central Hospital, 263
Young, George, 83
Young, James, 264
Zabolotny, Danilo, 384n
Zaire, 221, 221–22
AIDS in, 232
Ebola in, 282–83, 286, 289, 314, 315, 364
Zaire ebolavirus, 281, 286, 287, 289–90, 315, 410n
Zika, 3, 12, 361
aborted births and, 344
classified as flavivirus, 325–26
climate and, 346–47
conspiracy theories and, 345–46
contraception and, 356–57
control measures for, 340–41, 351–52
dengue and, 330–31, 347–48
diagnostic tests for, 328
environmental causes and factors, 346–47
GBS and, 327–31, 338, 341, 343
immunity to, 326n, 327n
lack of data about, 346
lack of diagnostic tests for, 332–33
lack of knowledge about, 324–25, 337, 348
latency and slow onset of, 363
neglect of, 343, 356–57
no longer considered pheic, 341
other arboviruses and, 347–48
panic about, 338–41
as pheic, 337–38, 361
phylogenetic analysis of, 342–43
rare reporting of, 326
rise through microbial threat rankings, 335–38
rumors about, 327, 332, 344, 345–46
sexual transmission of, 339, 343
similarities to other arboviruses, 326
social and environmental conditions and, 337, 342–43, 346–47, 356
strains of, 342–43
symptoms of, 318–19, 326
transmission of, 337, 342–43, 349–51
as Trojan horse, 347
unanswered questions about, 342–43
vaccines against, 341
vector-control strategies for, 351
Zika forest, 325
ZMapp, 299, 300, 315
zoes, 288
zoology, 7
zoonotic diseases, 12–13, 68. See also animals, as disease vectors; specific diseases; specific viruses
Zuckerberg, Mark, 366
ALSO BY MARK HONIGSBAUM
A History of the Great Influenza Pandemics:
Death, Panic and Hysteria, 1830–1920
Living with Enza:
The Forgotten Story of Britain and the Great Flu Pandemic of 1918
The Fever Trail:
In Search of the Cure for Malaria
Valverde’s Gold:
In Search of the Last Great Inca Treasure
Copyright © 2019 by Mark Honigsbaum
All rights reserved
First Edition
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Permissions, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110
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Book design by Chris Welch
Production manager: Anna Oler
The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:
Names: Honigsbaum, Mark, author.
Title: The pandemic century : one hundred years of panic, hysteria, and hubris /
Mark Honigsbaum.
Description: First edition. | New York : W. W. Norton & Company, [2019] |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018048424 | ISBN 9780393254754 (hard
cover)
Subjects: | MESH: Pandemics—history | History, 20th Century | History, 21st Century
Classification: LCC RA650.5 | NLM WA 11.1 | DDC 614.4/90904—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018048424
ISBN 9780393254761 (ebook)
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