The Sun King

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The Sun King Page 26

by Nancy Mitford


  envelope, or enveloppe, for Versailles, Le Vau’s, 15f, 23, 32–41, 63

  d’Espinay, Elisabeth de Lorraine Lillebonne, Princesse (1664–1748), 148

  Esther (Racine), written for Saint-Cyr school, 110, 111f

  etiquette at Versailles, 40, 124, 127f; at Marly, 41; at Portland’s embassy, 124

  Eugène Francis of Savoy, called Prince Eugène (1663–1736), son of Olympe Mancini, comtesse de Soissons, 57, 129, 145, 151, 152; Louis XIV refuses to take him into the army, 61, 84, 85; defeated at Denain (1712), 165

  Fagon, Guy Crescent (1638–1718), Louis XIV’s principal doctor, 77, 89, 100f, 102f, 147, 162; named Premier Médecin du Roi, 103; and William III, 103; appearance, 103; at Monsieur’s deathbed, 141, 143; on Père Le Tellier, 153; death of Louis XIV and, 166, 167

  Farnese, Palazzo, Rome, 22, 130

  fauteuils (for the Académie Française), 20

  Félix, Charles François Tassy, called, court surgeon, 102, 103, 104

  Fénelon, François de Salignac de La Mothe- (1651–1715), Archbishop of Cambrai from 1695, 94, 96, 106, 112, 150, 152; appointed tutor to the Dauphin’s sons, 115; and Mme de La Maisonfort, 117; appointment to Cambrai, 119; supports Mme Guyon, 118–20; end of life at court, 120, 149

  Feydeau, Georges (1862–1921), 147

  Filastre, Mme, witch, 52, 60; accuses Mme de Montespan of buying love filtres, 59

  Flamarens, Marquis de, 34

  Flanders, conquered by Louis XIV, 15, 141, 152

  Foix, Duchesse de, 130

  Fonpertuis, friend of Chartres, 98

  Fontainebleau (District of Paris), Château of, 9, 12, 32f, 38, 47, 77, 78f, 104, 106, 161, 164; Charles II of Spain’s will reaches, 137

  Fontanges, Marie-Adélaide de Scorailles de Roussilhe, Duchesse de (1661–81), a mistress of the King: Louis XIV sleeps with her, 51–2; and Mme Voisin, 60, 61; loses the King’s favour, 62, 75; death, 62, 139; and Mme de Maintenon, 81

  Fontevrault, Mme de (d. 1704), Abbess of the convent of Fontevrault (sister of Mme de Montespan), 26, 30f, 150

  Foscarini, Venetian ambassador, 139

  Fouquet, Nicolas, Marquis de Belle-Isle, Comte de Melun et de Vaux (1615–80), 10f, 22, 23, 29

  Franche-Comté, 17

  Francine (originally Francini), family of fountain builders, 25

  François I (1494–1547), King of France from 1515, 39

  François de Sale (1567–1622), Saint, canonized 1665, 40

  Françoise-Marie de Bourbon (Mlle de Blois), see d’Orléans, Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, Duchesse

  Franks, 18

  French Revolution (1789), 25, 41, 65, 68

  Fronde (1648–53) and Frondeurs, 11f, 37, 87, 98

  Furnes (Belgium), 155

  Gabriel, Jacques-Ange (1709–82), architect, 68

  Galet, Monsieur, drug trafficker, 45, 52, 60, 61

  galleys and galley slaves, 75f

  gambling at Versailles, 40, 45f, 145; games played, 40

  Gauls, 18, 20

  George I (1660–1727), King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1714, 34

  George of Denmark, Prince (1653–1708), Consort of Queen Anne, 143

  George Dandin (Molière), first production, 15

  Germany, 71, 98, 145

  Ghent (Belgium): siege by Louis XIV (1678), 50; Vendôme retires to, 152

  Gibraltar awarded to England (1713), 165

  Gide, André Paul Guillaume (1869–1951), quoted, 32

  Giorgione, Giorgio (1477–1510), 39

  Gisors, Louis Marie Fouquet, Comte de (1732–58), 10

  Giustiniani, Venetian ambassador, 40

  Glaces, Galerie des, Versailles, 22, 32, 41, 63, 73, 86

  Gobelin, Abbé, confessor of Mme de Maintenon, 46, 79

  Gobelin factory, 22

  Godet des Marais, Paul (1647–1709), Bishop of Chartres, from 1690, 115–19 passim, 120, 146

  ‘God Save the King’, 108f

  gondolas at Versailles, 40, 49

  Gramont, Elizabeth Hamilton, Comtesse de (1641–1708), 56

  Gramont, Marie-Christine de Noailles, Comtesse de Guiche, Duchesse de (1672–1748), 161

  Gramont, Philibert, Comte et Maréchal de (1621–1707), 44

  Grand Alliance (1701), 144; terms offered to Louis XIV in 1709, 155–6

  Grand Appartement, Versailles, 39f, 45; new King of Spain sleeps in (1700), 138

  Grand Dauphin, see Louis (1661–1711)

  Grande Mademoiselle, see Montpensier, Anne Marie Louise d’Orléans, Duchesse de

  grass snake (Colbert’s emblem), 18

  Greenwich Hospital: the Duchesse de La Force leaves her fortune to, 97

  Grignan, Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné, Comtesse de (1646–1705), 45f

  Guercino (squint eye) (Giovanni Francesco Barbiere, 1591–1666, nicknamed II), 39

  Guibourg, unfrocked priest involved in poisons scandal, 60

  Guiche, Comtesse de, see Gramont, Marie-Christine de Noailles, Duchesse de

  Guyon du Chesnoy, Jeanne-Marie Bouvier de La Motte, Mme (1648–1717), 117–20 passim

  The Hague, 16

  Les Halles, Paris, 146

  d’Harcourt, Henri I, Marquis de Beuvron, Duc et Maréchal (1654–1718), 131, 137

  Harlay de Champvallon, François de (1625–95), Archbishop of Paris from 1671: celebrates the marriage of Louis XIV and Mme de Maintenon, 78

  Hastings, Lord, 124

  Hébert, Curé of Versailles, 112

  Heinsius, Antonius (1641–1720), Pensionary of Holland, 128

  Henri III (1551–89), King of France from 1574, 33

  Henri IV (1553–1610), King of France from 1589, 14, 25, 71, 80, 84, 95, 127, 150

  Henrietta of England, see d’Orléans, Henrietta, Duchesse

  Henry VIII (1491–1547), King of England from 1509, 92, 143

  l’Herminot, Monsieur, embroiderer, 65

  Hocca (a kind of roulette), 40

  Holland, 16f, 98, 123, 127; richest country in Europe, 19f; visit of William III and Tallart to, 130; and the War of the Spanish Succession, 145

  ‘holy flock’ (or holy set), 118, 120

  hounds at Versailles, 64, 126

  d’Hozier, Pierre (1592–1660), the King’s genealogist, 21, 107

  Hungary, 85

  hunting, 64, 67f, 71, 104, 124, 126, 149, 150, 152, 166, 167

  Ile-de-France, 65; all wolves killed, 71

  illness and death at Versailles, 100

  Les Indes, 122

  India, 20

  infant mortality, 101–2

  Innocent XI, Benedetto Odescalchi (1611–89), Pope from 1676, 23, 78, 85, 96, 107

  Innocent XII, Antonio Pignatelli (1615–1700), Pope from 1691, 116, 120, 137, 144

  Instructions pour les Jardins Fruitiers et Potagers (Jean de La Quintinie), 24

  Ireland, 20, 143

  Iron Mask, the Man in the, 37, 169

  ‘Italian vice’, see sodomy and sodomites

  Italy, 19, 23, 122, 164; French retreat from, in the War of the Spanish Succession, 145

  Jacques, Frère, see Baulot, Jacques

  James II (1633–1701), King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1685–88), 20, 76, 112, 115, 123, 125, 126, 129, 136; Louis XIV’s treatment of, 123, 143–4; death, 143

  James Francis Edward Stuart (1688–1766), the Old Pretender, 145, 150; Louis XIV acknowledges him as King, 143–4; Louis XIV ‘no longer to harbour him’, 165

  Jansenists and Jansenism, 98, 110, 120, 142, 164

  Jansenius, Cornelius (1585–1638), Bishop of Ypres, 98

  Jersey, Edward Villiers, 1st Earl of (1656–1711), 87

  Jersey, Barbara Chiffinch, Countess of, 87, 97

  Jesuits, 76, 95, 112, 120, 153; Duchesse de Bourgogne’s dislike of, 161

  Joseph I (1678–1711), Holy Roman Emperor from 1705: dies of smallpox, 164

  Knox, Ronald Arbuthnot Hilary (1888–1957), 118

  La Bruyère, Jean de (1624–1709), 92, 141

  La Chaise, François d’Aix de 1624–1709)
, Louis XIV’s confessor from 1674, 76, 78, 92, 95, 98, 104; and the Saint-Cyr school, 107, 112; dies from cold, 153

  Lafayette, Marie-Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, Comtesse de (1634–92), 29, 112

  La Force, Henri Jacques Nompar, Duc de Caumont et de (d. 1699), 97

  La Force, Louis Joseph Nompar de Caumont, Duc de (1768–1838), 97

  La Force, Suzanne de Beringhen, Duchesse de (d. 1731), 97

  La Maisonfort, Elise de, 116f; and Mme Guyon, 117–20 passim; astounds Bossuet, 119; sent away from Saint-Cyr, 120

  Lambert Hôtel, Paris, 22

  Langlée, member of the court circle, 45

  Languedoc, Duc de Maine made governor of, 89

  La Quintinie, Jean de (1626–88), 24

  La Reynie, Nicolas Bagriel de (1625–1709), Chief of Paris Police, 54, 75; forbids Hocca, 40; and poisons scandal, 54 et seqq.

  La Rochefoucauld, François, Duc de (1613–80), quoted, 122

  La Roche-sur-Yon, Prince de, see Conti, Prince François Louis de

  Lassay, Marquis de, and Mme la Duchesse, 159

  Lastic, Mlle de: name used at school by the Duchesse de Bourgogne, 135

  La Trappe Monastery (Orne), 133; see also Trappists

  Launay, Nicolas de (1647–1737), jeweller, 131, 154

  Lauzun, Antoine Nompar de Caumont, Marquis de Puyguilhem, Count, afterwards Duc de (1632–1723), 167; pretends to be Montespan’s lover, 28; smuggles her child out of Saint-Germain, 29, 93; in prison, 37; and Louis XIV, 38; in old age, 101

  La Vallière, Louise de La Baume Le Blanc, Duchesse de (1644–1710), 36, 37, 51, 141; Louis XIV falls in love with, 9, 33; recognized as titular mistress, 14f, 26; the King’s interest wanes, 27, 28; goes to Chaillot, 28, 30; leaves court and becomes a Carmelite nun, 39, 86, 93, 94

  La Vrillière, Françoise de Mailly, Marquise de, 147, 148, 149

  Le Brun, Charles (1619–90), artist, 11, 18, 22f, 26, 39

  Leféron, Mme, and poisons scandal, 56f

  Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716), 16, 111

  L’Enclos, Ninon (Anne) de (1616–1705), 81, 126–7

  Le Nôtre, André (1613–1700), gardener, 11; lays out Versailles town, 16, 18; his relations, 23; Louis XIV’s liking for, 23f; at Clagny, 30, 47, 101

  Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), 39

  Leopold I (1640–1705), Archduke of Austria, Holy Roman Emperor, 1658, 85, 122; claims whole Spanish inheritance, 136–7

  Lesage and poisons scandal, 59

  Le Tellier, Michel (1603–85), father of Louvois, 22

  Le Tellier, Père Michel (1643–1719), a Jesuit, Louis XIV’s confessor, 153, 168, 179

  lettres de cachet: in poisons scandal, 60, 107; against Mme de Brinon, 111

  Le Vau, Louis (1612–70), architect, 11, 15, 18, 22f, 63f

  Liard family, mole-catchers, 25

  Lille (Nord): besieged, 1667, 27, 66; lost by Bourgogne (1708), 152, 155, 160

  Liselotte, see d’Orléans, Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Duchesse

  Lister, Martin (c. 1638–1712), zoologist, 102

  London, 124; Duchesse de La Force escapes to, 97; Tallart sent to, 129–30

  Loo, Treaty of (First Partition Treaty: 1698), 131, 136

  Lorges, Guy de Durfort, Comte, later Duc de Quintin et de (1630–1702), Maréchal de, 102

  L’Orme, Monsieur de (1584–1678), doctor, 102

  Lorraine, Philippe de

  Lorraine-Armagnac, called the Chevalier de (1643–1702), favourite of Monsieur, 34, 90, 126, 130

  Louis XIII (1601–43), King of France from 1610: 9f, 14, 68, 70, 102

  Louis XIV (1638–1715), King of France from 1643: frontispiece portrait by Rigaud; falls in love with Versailles and with Louise de La Vallière, 9; visits Fouquet, 10; marries, 10; love of the country and sport, 12; appearance, 13; Aragon ancestors, 13, 14; conquest of Flanders, 15; three principal love affairs, 15; attacks Holland, 16f; secures Franche-Comté, 17; Mazarin’s bequest, 18; and Colbert 18 et seqq.; liking for Le Nôtre, 23; and La Quintinie, 24; succumbs to Mme de Montespan, 27; confers benefits on Montespan’s family, 30; prolonged visits to Versailles begin, 32; attitude to his Queen, 33; love for Monsieur, 33; harshness, 37–9, 160–1; upset by Duc du Maine’s cowardice, 38; his pictures, 39; games at Court, 40; builds Marly, 40–1; Mme Scarron’s interest in his soul, 42, 45; his passing fancies, 47f; revived interest in Montespan, 48; besieges Ghent, 50; declares Versailles the seat of government, 53, 63; and the poisons scandal, 53–62; his day at Versailles, 67–8; at birth of Duc de Bourgogne, 73; his religion, 75–8; and the Queen’s death, 77; second marriage, 78; his name for Mme de Maintenon, 82; and the young men who went to fight the Turks, 85; exiles the Bouillons, 85f; and François-Louis, Prince de Conti, 85; revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 85, 95–8; on Catholic missions, 96; dislike of Jansenists, 98; and the doctors, 102–3; his health, 103–5; and school of Saint-Cyr, 104–14; opinion of Mme Guyon, 120f; and the Spanish succession, 122 et seqq, 128–9; receives Portland, 125, 128, 131; treatment of James II, 125, 143; sends Tallart to London, 129–30; and the Duchesse of Bourgogne, 133–5, 147–8; on the death of Louvois, 136; receives the will of Charles II of Spain, 137–8; introduces Anjou as King of Spain, 138; quarrel with Monsieur and remorse at his death, 140–2; death of Racine, 142; and of Bontemps, 142–3; acknowledges James Francis Edward as king, 143–4; and the War of the Spanish Succession, 145 et seqq; hears of Montespan’s death, 150; Vendôme as favourite of, 151; new confessor, 153; and death of Conti, 153–4; rejects peace terms offered in 1709, 155–6; and Grand Dauphin’s death, 157–9; grief at death of Duchesse de Bourgogne, 161–2; disbelieves in alleged poisoning of Bourgogne family, 162; forces Paris Parlement to declare his bastards eligible to reign, 163; and Unigenitus Papal Bull, 163–4; Treaties of Utrecht signed, 165; left with one legitimate descendant, 166; his death, 166–9

  Louis XIV (Voltaire), 96

  Louis XV (1710–74), King of France from 1715: 10, 22, 25, 42, 67, 68f, 130, 154, 163, 167; catches measles and is saved by Mme de Ventadour, 162; delicacy of, 162, 166; Louis XIV’s dying injunction to, 168–9

  Louis XVI (1754–93), King of France (1774–92), 32, 36, 69, 169

  Louis (1661–1711), the Grand Dauphin, 27, 41, 132, 254; and his sons, 78, 83; Bossuet his tutor, Montausier his governor, 42; his hounds, 64, 71; his collections and way of life, 67, 70–2, 86; marriage to Victoire of Bavaria, 72, 83; to Mlle de Choin, 87; sees ghost of Henrietta of Orléans, 92; cuts off his hair, 104; attends performances of Esther at Saint-Cyr, 112; and Spanish succession, 122, 131, 137, 138; hunts with Portland, 126; and the Duchesse de Bourgogne, 134, 135; speaks in favour of Anjou’s claim to Spanish throne, 137, 138; catches smallpox and dies, 157–9

  Louisa Maria Theresa, Princess (d. 1712), daughter of James II and Mary of Modena, 143

  Louise-Françoise de Bourbon (Mlle de Nantes), see Bourbon,

  Louise-Françoise, Duchesse de

  Louis-Philippe (1773–1850), King of the French (1830–48), 68f

  Louvois, François Michel Le Tellier, Marquis de (1641–91), 21f, 38, 92, 104, 145; and the poisons scandal, 55, 59; excesses against the Protestants, 22, 96; death, 136; Mme de, 50

  Louvre, 9, 11ff, 23; pictures in the, 39, 80

  Louvre, Cour du, Versailles, see Marbre, Cour de

  Low Countries, 57, 129

  Löwenstein, Sophia Maria of Bavaria, Gräfin von, see, Dangeau, Marquise de

  Lude, Marguerite-Louise de Béthune-Sully, Duchesse du (1643–1726), lady in waiting to the Duchesse de Bourgogne, 135, 138, 247

  Ludres, Mme Marie Isabelle de (called La Belle du Ludre) (1638–1726), 48f

  Lully, Jean-Baptiste (1632–87), 40, 109

  Luxembourg, François de Montmorency-Bouteville, Duc et Maréchal de (1625–95), 58f, 86, 87

  Macaulay, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Lord (1800–59), quoted, 17, 130

  Madame, see Henrietta of England; Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate

  Madame la Duchesse, see Bourbon, Lou
ise-Françoise, Duchesse de

  Madrid, 112, 131, 137, 145

  Maine (Anne-) Louise-Bénédicte de Bourbon-Condé, Duchesse de (1676–1753) (Mlle de Charolais): marriage, 89, 133

  Maine, Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, Duc du (1670–1736), eldest son of Louis XIV and Mme de Montespan, 91, 127, 132, 150, 153, 164, 167; birth, 29; given a title, 30; his cowardice, 38, 89f; the King’s favourite child, 42, 78, 85, 87, 89f; ill-health, 44, 48; cleverness, 46; childhood essays, 49–50, 90; his hounds, 64; governor of Languedoc, 89; marriage, 89, 132–3; Saint-Simon on, 98; at the King’s death-bed, 169

  Maintenon (Eure-et-Loir), 44, 47

  Maintenon, François d’Aubigné, Madame Scarron, Marquise de (1635–1719): at the Divertissement du Roi, 15; Louis XIV’s early dislike of, 15, 29; given charge of Montespan’s children, 29f, 37, 90; quoted, 43, 75; ‘The Governess’, 43–52; created Marquise de Maintenon, 44; and Mme de Montespan, 47–51, 62, 132; King falls in love with, 51; at Versailles, 67f, 82; appointed lady to the Dauphine, 72; flat at Versailles, 75, 77; marriage to the King, 78f; early life, 79–81; character, 81–2; dislike of the Dauphine, 83; attitude to the young people, 85, 90f; new rules at Versailles, 92; and Fénelon, 94f, 96; and Protestants, 96f; hated by Saint-Simon, 98; and the doctors, 101; in old age, 101; and the school at Saint-Cyr, 106–9 passim; Fénelon on her character, 115; letter to Elise de La Maisonfort, 116f; and Mme Guyon, 117f; offends the King, 120; and Mary of Modena, 125; Portland’s Embassy and, 129; and the Duchesse de Bourgogne, 133–5, 136; on the generals, 136; and on the females of the day, 140; Monsieur’s death and, 141; behaviour to Madame, 142; Racine and, 142; and King James’s death, 144; complains to her confessor of ‘these painful occasions’, 145–6; reproves the Duchesse de Bourgogne, 148; weeps at Montespan’s death, 150; tries to reduce expenditure at Versailles, 155; and Mlle de Choin, 158; death of the Dauphin, 159; on the new Dauphine, 160; and death of Dauphine, 161–2; persuades the King to declare his bastards eligible to reign, 163; behaviour in the King’s last days, 166, 167, 168, 169

  Malplaquet, Battle of (1709), 155, 164

  Mancini, Marie, Princess of Colonna (1640–1715), 10

  Mansart, Jules Hardouin (1646–1708), architect, 23; designs Clagny, 30; builds Marly, 40; takes over construction of Versailles, 63, 155; designs Saint-Cyr, 107

 

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