INDEX
acidity 65
Aeropress 134–7, 142
affogato 155
Africa 18, 25, 28, 32, 172–3, 182
Americano 110
Americas 175
Central America 17, 18, 175–8, 182
North America 14, 17, 18, 20, 49, 77, 177
South America 17, 178
Arabian coffee 11, 16, 76
arabica 24–5, 182, 186
countries grown in 173, 175, 176, 177, 179
growing and harvesting 26–7
aroma 65
Asia 179–80
Auckland 110
Australasia 179–80
Australia 110, 179
bica corrida 34
bitterness 64–5, 92
blooming 124–5, 186
Bolivia 175
bourbon 24, 182, 183, 184
countries grown in 172, 173, 177
growing and harvesting 16–17
Brazil 175, 178, 180
growing and processing 27, 29
history of coffee 17–18
milling 34
varieties grown in 17, 45, 183
brew ratio 70–1, 72, 94, 186
brewing methods 114–45
burr grinders 78–9, 186
Burundi 29, 172, 182
butter coffee 165
buying guide 185
cafés 20–1
cafetière 114, 120–3, 142
caffeine 25, 64, 67–8, 70
decaffeination 37
cappuccino 104, 108
Caribbean 17
cascara 33, 162
catimor 182
catuai 182
caturra 177, 182
Central America 17, 18, 175–8, 182
China 179
chlorogenic acid (CGA) 25
clever dripper 128, 133
cloth filters 126–7
coffee: anatomy of coffee beans 25
grinding 76–83
growing and harvesting 26–8
history 10–21, 40
milling and transportation 34–7
processing 29–33
roasting 44–61
varieties 182–4
coffee borer beetle 28
coffee houses 12–14
coffee leaf rust 28, 177, 187
coffee liqueur 152
cold brewing 142–5
Colombia 17, 32, 65, 175
commodity price 40–1
Constantinople 116
Costa Rica 18, 32, 175, 183
crack 55–6, 186, 188
cream: Stephenson’s Irish Coffee 151
crema 96–7
Cuba 17, 175–6
cupping coffee 73, 186
decaffeination 37
Direct Trade 41
Dominican Republic 176
dosing 93
drum roasters 48–9, 51–7
dry milling 29–33, 34, 186
drying coffee 32–3
Ecuador 176
eggs: pumpkin spice latte 158–9
El Salvador 18, 28, 176, 183
espresso 70, 86–97, 185
affogato 155
coffee ice cream 156
coffee liqueur 152
espresso and milk 100–11
espresso machines 86, 87–91
espresso martini 161
grinders 82
making espresso 92–7
pumpkin spice latte 158–9
Straits 7 148
espresso bars 20, 86
Ethiopia 10–11, 24, 45, 172, 182, 183
extraction 69–71, 72, 92, 94–5
Fair Trade 40–1
fermentation 30
filter coffee 124–33
fineness 80
first crack 55–6, 186, 188
flat white 110
flavour 64–5, 76
fluid-bed roasters 52
France 14, 16, 17, 77
French press 114, 120–3, 142
freshness 60–1, 70, 185
Geisha 183
Germany 128, 138
roasters and grinders 49, 77, 78
green coffee 36, 187
grinding coffee 76–83
growing coffee 26–9
Guatemala 17, 18, 27, 28, 176, 183
Guianas 17
Haiti 17, 176
harvesting coffee 26–9
Hawaii 177
Hispaniola 17
Honduras 28, 177, 183
ice cream: affogato 155
coffee ice cream 156
iced coffee 166
immersion brewers 80, 114
Aeropress 134–7, 142
French press 114, 120–3, 142
the pot 116
India 16, 24, 179
Indonesia 16, 32, 179
instant coffee 38–9
International Coffee
Organisation (ICO) 40
Irish Coffee, Stephenson’s 151
Italy 20
Jamaica 17, 177
Java 16, 24, 41, 179
Kent varieties 173
Kenya 28, 30, 65, 172, 180, 184
Kopi luwak 185
latte 100, 104–7
pumpkin spice latte 158–9
liberica 24, 180
liqueur, coffee 152
London 12–14, 20, 47, 76
macchiato 111
Maillard reactions 55, 96, 187
Malawi 172
maragogype 183
martini, espresso 161
Martinique 17
metal filters 132
Mexico 177
Mibirizi varieties 172
milk: espresso and 100–11
latte art 104–7
steaming 102–3
types of 100–1
milling 34–6
mocha 187
moka pot 117–19, 187
Monsoon Malabar 179
mundo novo 182, 183
natural coffee 29–30, 31
Nepal 179
Nespresso 91
the Netherlands 16, 17, 47, 49
New Zealand 110
Nicaragua 27, 28, 32, 177–8
nylon filters 132
organic coffee 40–1
Ottoman Turks 10, 11–12, 14, 47, 76
oxidation 60–1
pacamara 183
pacas 183
packaging 61
Panama 178, 183
paper filters 128–31
Papua New Guinea 179
Paraguay 178
parchment coffee 34–5, 187
Paris 14
percolation brewers 70, 80, 114, 187
Aeropress 134–7, 142
filter coffee 124–33
moka pot 117–19, 187
Persia 46
Peru 178
Philippines 24, 180
the pot 116
pre-infusion 94, 187
preservation 61
processing coffee 29–33
Puerto Rico 178
pulped natural coffee 31–2, 188
pumpkin spice latte 158–9
Rainforest Alliance 40–1
Relationship Coffee 41
Réunion Island 16–17, 24, 182
roasting coffee 44–61
roast date 60–1, 185
roast profiles 57
robusta 24–5, 182
caffeine content 67
countries grown in 172, 173, 175, 176, 179, 180
growing and processing 26, 31
Rwanda 172, 182
scales 66
second crack 55–6, 188
SL-28 (coffee variety) 184
SL-34 (coffee variety) 184
sourness 92
South America 17, 178
speciality coffee 41
species 24–5
Sri Lanka 28
staleness 60–1
Starbucks 20–1, 180
steaming milk 102–3
Stephenson’s Irish Coffee 151
storing coffee 60–1
stove-top pot 117
Straits 7 148
strength 70–1, 94
Sulawesi 179
Sumatra 24, 32, 33, 179
sweetness 64, 92
syphon brewing 138–41
tamping 93–4, 188
tangential roasters 52–3
Tanzania 172–3
tekisic 183
temperature: brewing 70
temperature graphs 57
water 69, 92
Thailand 180
Timor-Leste 180
transportation 34–5, 36
trigonelline acid 25, 64
Turkish coffee, brewing 116
Turks, Ottoman 10, 11–12, 14, 47, 76
typica 24, 173, 182
Uganda 173
United Kingdom 12–13
vacuum brewing 138–41
varieties 24–5, 26, 182–4
see also arabica; bourbon, etc.,
Venezuela 17, 178
Vienna 108
Vietnam 18, 24, 180
villa Sarchi 184
vodka: espresso martini 161
washed coffee 30–1, 188
water 68–9, 92
West Indies 17
wet milling 29–33, 188
whiskey: Stephenson’s Irish
Coffee 151
Yemen 11, 16, 24, 162, 179, 180
Zambia 173
Zimbabwe 173
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Not for the last time, I think, I must thank my wife for her patience during the many weeks of research, writing and caffeinating (not in that order) that made this book possible.
Also to my son, Dexter, who is currently accepting challenges for the title of ‘youngest barista in the world’!
Thanks to Linda and Rod for allowing me to commandeer their office space for a not-insignificant period of time.
A shout-out to Origin Coffee in Cornwall and Workshop Coffee in London for use of their space, equipment, coffee and expertise.
Thumbs-up to all the people I have enjoyed a coffee with over the years. There’re too many of you to remember, but here’s a shortlist of names: Anette Moldvaer, Colin Harmon, Dan Fellows, Dave Jones, Flavio Urizzi, Gary McGann, Gwilym Davies, James Hoffmann, Lance Turner, Hugo Hercod, Phil Gevaux, Sam Hebburn, Stephen Morrissey, Tim Williams and Tom Sobey.
Huge thanks once again to the dream team responsible for putting this book together: Nathan Joyce, Julia Charles, Leslie Harrington, Geoff Borin, Addie Chinn and Sarianne Plaisant.
PICTURE CREDITS
All photography by Addie Chinn, with the following exceptions:
Page 8 Wellcome Library, London; Page 11 Palestine Exploration Fund, London, UK/Bridgeman Images; Page 12 © Christie’s Images/Bridgeman Images; Page 13 Photo by Rischgitz/Getty Images; Page 14 Mary Evans Picture Library; Page 15 INTERFOTO/Alamy; Page 16 Mary Evans Picture Library/Alamy;Page 18 Mike Greenslade/Alamy; Page 19 Image Courtesy of The Advertising Archives; Page 21 Jake Curtis/Getty Images; Page 22 Philippe Bourseiller/Getty Images; Page 24 World History Archive/Alamy; Page 26 Nick Gunderson/Getty Images; Page 27 Bjorn Holland/Getty Images; Page 28 © Nigel Cattlin/Visuals Unlimited/Corbis; Page 29 © Paulo Fridman/Corbis; Page 31 © Devon Stephens/Alamy; Page 33 Pphoto by Michael Tsegaye/Bloomberg via Getty Images; Page 34 Dallas Stribley/Getty Images; Page 35 © National Geographic Image Collection/Alamy; Page 36 RGB Ventures/SuperStock/Alamy; Page 37 INTERFOTO/Alamy; Page 38 Neil Overy/Getty Images; Page 39 Image Courtesy of The Advertising Archives; Page 40 Jake Lyell/Alamy; Page 41 above left Media for Medical/UIG via Getty Images; Page 41 above right Simon Rawles/Getty Images; Page 46 below left Hulton Archive/Getty Images; Page 46 below right photo by Haeckel collection/ullstein bild via Getty Images; Page 48 istock images; Page 49 © English Heritage; Page 89 left Steve Hamblin/Alamy; Page 89 right ERIC LAFFORGUE/Alamy; Page 116 Irina Zavyalova/Shutterstock; Page 125 © amana images inc./Alamy; Page 132 © Neil Setchfield/Alamy; Page 133 © Image Republic Inc./Alamy; Page 173 © Wolfgang Kumm/dpa/Corbis; Page 174 left © Ian Wood/Alamy; Page 174 right © Found Image Press/Corbis; Page 181 insert © Julian Nieman/Alamy; Page 183 © HUGHES Herve/Hemis/Corbis.
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