NOTE ON THE AUTHOR
Gordon Corrigan was commissioned from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 1962. He was awarded the MBE (military) in 1996 and retired from the Royal Gurkha Rifles in 1998. He is a member of the British Commission for Military History, a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society and a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Farriers. He is the author of a number of books of military history including Sepoys in the Trenches; Mud, Blood and Poppycock; Blood, Sweat and Arrogance; and The Second World War.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The staffs of the National Portrait Gallery, the British Library, the National Archives at Kew and the Prince Consort’s Library at Aldershot have all been unfailingly helpful to my often arcane requests for books and documents, most long out of print. The Dean and Chapter of Canterbury Cathedral were kind enough to permit me access to King Henry IV’s tomb at a time when, apart from myself, that great monument to a glorious past (and with luck a reasonably good future too) was entirely empty. Even the most cynical could not have failed to feel a deep sense of spirituality. Mathew Bennett was kind enough to cast the critical eye of a medieval and military expert over the manuscript. At Atlantic books Angus Mackinnon, my indefatigable editor, Ben Dupré my copy editor and James Nightingale, Caroline Knight, Margaret Stead, Lauren Finger, Mark Handsley and Martin Lubikowski have all played a huge part in the piloting of the book from keyboard to bookshop, and I thank them for all that they have done.
INDEX
Page numbers in bold refer to illustrations
Abbaye aux Dames, Caen 89, 90
Abbaye aux Hommes, Caen 89, 91
Abbeville 97, 234–5
Acre, siege of 16
Agenais, the 52
Agincourt. see Azincourt
Airaines 97
ale 80
Alençon, count of 108, 110
Alençon, duke of 271
Alexander III, King of Scots 23
alternate history 285–6
Amiens 97, 113–14
Amiens, Treaty of 1
Amiens cathedral 42
Angers 261
Anglo-French relations 1–2, 284–5
Anjou 265
Anjou, duke of 181–2
Anjou, John, duke of 163
Anne of Bohemia 190
Antwerp 50
Aquitaine
Henry II’s acquisition of 15–16
Henry III and 20
Edward I and 23, 29
Philip VI’s confiscation of 22, 49
Crécy campaign 96
French invasion, 1356 140
Edward, the Black Prince confirmed as ruler of 168
Charles V’s confiscation of 176–7
John of Gaunt as ruler of 178
English loss of 277–9
Henry VIII’s expedition 281–2
Aragon 170
archers
armour 70
Azincourt Campaign 223, 233, 236
at Azincourt 242, 243, 245, 246–8
Crécy Campaign 82
at Crécy 102–4, 107, 108
deployment 69, 103–4
firepower 58
foot 70, 75
longbow 67–9
at Mauron 130–1
mounted 70, 75
physical development 68
at Poitiers 148, 149–50, 152
rate of fire 69, 70, 84
Sluys 57, 58
stakes 236, 242, 243
supremacy 67
tactics 78
wages 9, 75
Area of Operations: 1416–52 253, 263, 277
Armagnac 133–4
Armagnac, count of 209, 252
armatti 71
armies
composition 64–6
feudal 61–3
professionalization 63–4, 275, 282–3
size 54, 81–2, 224
armour 60, 64, 70
Arques 234
Arras 273
arrows 68–9, 69–70, 108, 203–4
Arthur, duke of Brittany 18–19
Arthur II, Duke of Brittany 77
artillery 71, 117, 227–8, 254, 278
Arundel, earl of 189, 190
Arundel, Sir John 181, 183
Arundel, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury 207, 216, 218
Arundel, Thomas Fitzalan, earl of 210, 217
Aston, Sir Richard 205–6
Auberoche, siege of 117
Aubigny, sack of 140–1
Audley, Sir James 140–1, 144–5, 154
Auray, Battle of 166
Avignon 47–8, 170
Avranches 256
Azincourt, Battle of
advance to 238–40
French forces 239, 245
English forces 240–1, 242
night before 240–1
French confidence 241
English deployment 241–3, 245
archers 242, 243, 245, 246–8
stakes 242, 243
Henry’s address to troops 242–3
English advance to second position 243, 245
dispositions 244
crossbowmen 245
French deployment 245
French plan 245–6
French attack 246–8
arrow storm 69, 246–7
baggage-train attacked 248
prisoners killed 248, 249
casualties 248–9
aftermath 251–2
Azincourt Campaign 231
preparations 221–5
archers 223, 233, 236
English forces assemble 223–4
landing site 225
Channel crossing 225–6
siege of Harfleur 225–30, 232
English advance 232–9
baggage-train 233, 235
English forces 233
rations 233
French forces assemble 234
Somme crossing 234–7
pyx theft 236–7
French forces 237
French demand for battle 237–8
English arrive at Calais 249
Badby, John 216
Baker, Geoffrey le 109, 131, 144
Balliol, Edward 45, 66
Balliol, John 23–4
Bannockburn, Battle of 27, 65–6
Barbanero, Pietro 56, 57
Barbazon, Arnaud de 260
Barber, Richard 178
Barons Revolt, the 19
Basque country, the 176
battering rams 116
Battle of the Herrings 269
Battle of the Spurs 282
Battle of the Thirty 130, 167
battle paintings 4–5
battlefield archaeology 99
Baudricourt, Robert de 267, 267–8
Baugé, Battle of 261–2
Bayeux 88–9, 256, 276
Bayeux, bishop of 90
Bayonne 182, 278
Beaufort, Bishop 217
Beaugency 262
Beaumanoir, Jean de 130
Beauvais 96
Bécherel 167
Becket, Thomas 15
Bedford, John, duke of 252, 254, 264–6, 269, 273, 273–4
beer 80
Béhuchet, Admiral 56, 58
Bel, Jean le 102, 105
belfries 115–16
Benedict XII, Pope 47–8, 59
Berkeley, Sir Thomas 44
Berkeley Castle 37, 44
Berwick-upon-Tweed 27–8, 46, 132
Bilbao 176
biological warfare 117
Black Death 9, 127–8, 167–8
Black Rood, the 40
Blanche of Hungary 30–1
Blanchetaque 97–9, 234–5
Blangy 238
Blount, Sir Walter 202
Bohun, Mary de 196
Bolougne 282
Bordeaux 133, 156–7, 182, 277, 277–9
Boroughbridge, Battle of 29, 33, 65–6
Bosworth, Battle of 281
Boucicault, Jean 237
Boulogne 53, 55
&
nbsp; Bourbon, duke of 237
Boutellier, Guy Le 256–7
Boves 235
Bradmore, John 203–4
Bramham Moor, Battle of 208
bread 80
Brest 121, 179, 182
Breteuil, siege of 116
Brétigny, Treaty of 163, 165, 176, 222
Brittany 16, 96, 166
strategic importance 76
civil war 77–9
succession crisis 77–9
Dagworth’s campaign 121
Bentley’s campaigns 130–1
Lancaster’s campaign 156
end of war 166–7
French overrun 179
campaign, 1379 182–3
Charles V’s confiscation attempt 182–5
campaign, 1380 184–5
Bruce, Robert 23–5, 27, 39–40, 66
Bruges 42, 56
Buch, Captal de 148, 152–3, 169
Buckingham, duke of 184–5
Buironfosse 52
Burghers of Calais, The (Rodin) 124
Burghersh, Sir Bartholomew 144–5
Burgos 173, 174
Burgundy, alliance with Henry V 259
Burgundy, Philip, duke of 197, 209–11
Burne, Colonel Alfred 7
Burns, Robbie 28
Cade, Jack 278
Cadzand 50
Caen
assault on 89–92
siege of 255–6
French recapture 277
loss of 282, 286
Calais
population 114
strategic importance 114–15
siege of 114–18, 120–1, 122–4
defences 115
investment of 117
supplies 117–18
Edward III at 120, 123
eviction of dispossessed 120
French relief attempt 122–3
second eviction 123
surrender 123–5
plunder 125
attempt to recapture 129
Edward III’s 1358 campaign 162
French attack, 1377 181
Henry V arrives at, 1415 249
Calveley, Sir Hugh 73, 166, 169, 172, 181, 183–4
Cambrai 52, 141
Cambridge, Richard, earl of 238
Camoys, Thomas, Baron 241–2
campaigning, financing 22–3
cannon 71, 117, 227–8, 254, 278
Cappoci, Cardinal 158–9
Carentan 88
Castile 126, 170, 176
Castillon, Battle of 278–9
Castle Rising 44
casualties
Sluys 57–8
Dupplin Moor 66
Halidon Hill 66–7
Morlaix 79
Caen 92
Crécy 110
the Black Death 128, 167–8
Mauron 131
Poitiers 154–5
Najera 175
Shrewsbury 204–5
disease 230, 232
Harfleur 230, 232
Azincourt 248–9
Verneuil 266
causes 2
Cawne, Sir Thomas 60
Challons, bishop of 145–6
Chambry, Phillip de (Gris Mouton ‘Grey Sheep’) 141
Champtoceaux 78
Chandos, Sir John 140–1, 144–5, 166, 173, 177
Channel Islands, the 19, 45, 53
Charles I, King 284
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor 109
Charles IV, King of France 31, 32, 35, 40–1
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 282
Charles V, the Wise, King of France
at Poitiers 149, 150, 151
suspends the Estates General 157–8
and lawlessness after Poitiers campaign 160, 162
refuses to agree peace terms 162
accession to throne 168
problems facing 168–70
Spanish campaign, 1367 170
confiscation of Aquitaine 176–7
guerrilla campaign 177–9
truce, 1375 180–1
campaign, 1377 181–2
confiscation of Navarrese lands in Normandy 182
Breton campaign 182–5
death 184
Charles VI, King of France 190, 209
madness 196–7, 209
and the Treaty of Troyes 259–60
death 264, 271
Charles VII, King of France 260
interview with Jeanne d’Arc 267–8
coronation 271
and Jeanne d’Arc 271–2
professionalization of army 275
Aquitaine campaign 277–9
Charles of Blois 77, 121, 122–3, 156, 166
Charles of Navarre 160, 161–2, 169, 171–3, 182
Chartres 162
Château Gaillard 17, 31
Châtellerault 144
Chaucer, Geoffrey 162
Cherbourg 89, 182, 276, 277
siege of 256
Chester Castle 70
Chevaliers de l’Étoile 129
chevauchée
Crécy Campaign 86–98, 114
Henry of Lancaster, 1351 130
Edward, the Black Prince, 1355 132, 132–4, 136
Poitiers Campaign 140–4
John of Gaunt, 1373 179
Chinon 267
Chiverston, John de 140
Christopher (cog) 53, 57
Church, the 213–15
corruption 216
Cinque Ports, the 48
Clarence, duke of 223, 224, 226–7, 229, 230, 261–2
Clement VI, Pope 131
Clement VII, Pope 180, 190
Clerkenwell 187–8
Clermont, count of 276
Clermont, Jean de 150
clothing 74–5
coastal warning system 75–6
coat’s of arms 12, 52, 62
cogs 48–9, 53, 55
commissions of array 62–3, 73–4
Compiègne, siege of 272
conscription 73–4, 283
contract forces 72–3
Corbie 235
Cosne 262
cost 282
Courtenay, Richard, bishop of Norwich 229
Courtrai, Battle of 65
Coutances 256
Crabbe, John 55
Crécy, Battle of 84
location 99–100
Edward III at 99, 100, 103, 104, 109
English battle plan 100
English forces 100, 102
terrain 100
dispositions 101
English deployment 102–4
archers 102–4, 107, 108
English horses 104
French forces 105
French advance to 105–6
Philip VI at 105–6, 109–10
French crossbowmen advance 106–8
arrow storm 107, 108
thunderstorm 107–8
French cavalry charge 108–9
hand to hand fighting 109
French withdrawal 109–10
casualties 110
French failure 110
causes of English victory 110–11
aftermath 113–14
Crécy Campaign
Froissart’s account 5
troop assembly 79–83
rations 80
ships 80–1
English forces 81–2
embarkation 82–3
landing site 85
sea crossing 85–6
landing 86
chevauchée 86–98, 114
area of operations 87
English naval action 89, 99
assault on Caen 89–92
reinforcements 92, 93–4, 117, 121–2, 122
Seine crossing 94–6
Philip VI 95–6
French pursuit 97
the River Somme 97–9
siege of Calais 114–18
Crécy-en-Ponthieu 100
crossbow, the 69, 84
crossbowmen
at Crécy 105, 106–8, 11
4
rate of fire 106
at Poitiers 148, 152
at Azincourt 245
Crusades, the 16–17, 47–8
Cyprus 17
Dagworth, Sir Thomas 121–2, 167
Brittany campaign 121
at La Roche-Derrien, 1347 122–3
capture of Charles of Blois 123
death 130
d’Albret, Charles 237, 252
Daniel, Sir Thomas 93
Dargies 96
Dartmouth 206
dates and dating 8
d’Audrehem, Arnaud 149, 150, 175
d’Aulnay, Philip and Gautier 31
David II, King of Scots 40, 45, 118–20, 132, 158
decoys, use of 202
Despensers, the 28–9, 31, 32, 34, 36–7
d’Estouteville, sire 230
Dieppe 273
disease 3, 120–1, 230, 232, 235–6
Disinherited, the 45, 66
ditches 78–9
Domesday Book 13
Domrémy (now Domrémy-la-Pucelle) 267
Dordrecht 35, 50
Dorset, Thomas Beaufort, earl of 230
Douglas, Archibald 198–9, 202, 204
Douglas, Sir William 118–20
Douglas, William 145–6, 148, 149, 150
Douvres, River 88
Dover 52–3
Dreaux 262
Dreux, count of 94
du Guesclin, Bertrand du 250
capture at Auray 166
Spanish campaign, 1367 170, 172, 174–5
at Najera 174–5
appointed constable of France 177
campaign, 1372 178
campaign, 1373 179
d’Umfraville, Sir Gilbert 261, 276
Dupplin Moor, Battle of 66–7, 103
duration 2
Durham 119
Durham, bishop of 82
dynastic marriages 167
dysentery 3, 120–1, 229, 235–6, 238
Edward, the Black Prince
birth of 43
as Prince of Wales 109, 129
chevauchée, 1355 133–4, 135
Poitiers Campaign, 1356 137, 138, 140, 141–2, 165
generosity 142
personal insignia 142
soubriquet 142
military skill 7–8, 142–3
siege of Romorantin 143
status 143
advance to Poitiers 143–4
negotiations at Poitiers 144
at Poitiers 146, 148, 152, 155–6
capture of Jean II 153, 154
at Bordeaux 156–7
return to England, 1357 158
duke of Aquitaine 163
marriage 167
confirmed as the ruler of Aquitaine 168
Spanish campaign, 1367 3, 170–6, 171
at Najera 174–5
health 176–7, 178
taxation policies 176–7
Limoges massacre 177–8
return to England, 1371 178
death 136, 179
tomb 136
Edward I, King
marriage 20
criticism of 20–1
temper 21
legal reforms 21–2
subjugation of Wales 22
French war 22–3
A Great and Glorious Adventure Page 33
