by Maureen Ogle
[>] “political and culinary appeal”: Kim Severson, “Grass Roots Revolution—Will New Beef Put Corn-Raised Cattle out to Pasture?” San Francisco Chronicle, June 19, 2002; accessed online.
[>] “add[ed] in the invisible costs”: Michael Pollan, “Power Steer,” New York Times Magazine, March 31, 2002; accessed online.
[>] “As you know”: Quoted in Kim Severson, “High Stakes—Bay Area at the Forefront of the Big-Bucks Battle Between Proponents of Grass-Fed Beef and Traditional Cattlemen,” San Francisco Chronicle, June 19, 2002; accessed online.
[>] “People want to imagine”: Quoted in ibid.
[>] “prominent”: Milford Prewitt, “Chefs Challenge Peers to Serve Grass-Fed Beef,” Nation’s Restaurant News, May 20, 2002, p. 3.
[>] “ironic”: Quoted in ibid., 235.
[>] “nanny culture”: Ibid.
[>] “a haughty organization”: Quoted in ibid.
[>] “We are an elitist”: Quoted in ibid.
[>] “I consciously deferred”: Quoted in Stacy Finz, “Founder Says New Owners Changing Product Protocol,” San Francisco Chronicle, February 22, 2009; accessed online.
[>] Then there was: It’s clear that The Omnivore’s Dilemma, like The Jungle and Silent Spring, was less launching pad than tipping point. It resonated with a public accustomed to asserting its consumer rights and to the allure of alternative foods, whether meat or arugula. But there’s no doubt that it also energized a new generation of food activists and converted millions of otherwise indifferent consumers into organic aficionados.
[>] “The Easter holiday”: See “Letters,” Lancaster (PA) Intelligencer Journal, March 28, 2002. I found many examples of these form letters, including ones sent on the occasion of World Farm Animals Day, October 2, also the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi.
[>] “Nothing [is] more heartbreaking”: Steve Moest, “Why Pork Producers Do What They Do,” Freeport (IL) Journal-Standard, May 6, 2012; accessed online.
Bibliography
Five minutes into this project, I realized that its potential bibliography was approximately the size of the known universe and that I could spend the next decade doing nothing but wading through primary sources—newspapers and magazines, meatpacking and agricultural trade journals, congressional hearings, USDA reports, various other federal, state, and city government documents, and the like. And that didn’t include an equally stupefying quantity of secondary sources: what other historians as well as sociologists, geographers, anthropologists, and random writers had written about cattle, hogs, chickens, slaughterhouses, ranching and ranchers, feedlots, food retailing, veterinary medicine, vegetarianism, and a nerve-shattering collection of other topics more or less related to meat.
Conclusion: Trying to read every relevant source was a fool’s game. Nor, I soon realized, could I include everything that I read in this bibliography; a full list would run to hundreds of pages and my editors would hate me. What follows, then, is the rational middle ground: a bibliography of primary and secondary sources that I found to be the most useful. (Many additional sources, however, are cited in the notes.)
As a historian, I focus on primary documents; I want to find out for myself “what happened,” rather than another historian’s interpretation of what happened. That meant that I read thousands of primary documents. Rather than detail each one (another fool’s errand), I’ve instead identified the databases and catalogs from which I drew sources, as well as the titles of the most important newspapers on which I relied and serials that are not indexed in the databases.
Note: Most of the databases listed are attached to digital indexes, but the magazines, journals, and documents to which those indexes refer are not necessarily digitized. This project involved hours of communing with microfilm and microfiche machines.
DATABASES AND CATALOGS
19th Century Historical United States Newspapers
19th Century Masterfile
ABI/INFORM Global
Access World News
Accessible Archives
Agricola
Alt-Press Watch
American Historical Imprints
American Periodical Series (digital and microfilm)
Archive Finder
Catalog of U.S. Government Publications
Core Historical Literature of Agriculture (CORE)
Early American Imprints
Early American Newspapers
Early American Periodicals
EBSCOhost
genealogybank.com
HarpWeek
Hathi Trust Digital Library
Home Economics Archive:
Research, Tradition, History (HEARTH)
Index to USDA Agricultural Economic Reports
Index to USDA Agriculture Information Bulletins
Making of America
National Agricultural Library
newspaperarchive.com
ProQuest Congressional
ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
Readers’ Guide Retrospective
WorldCat
PERIODICALS AND NEWSPAPERS
Alternative Agriculture News
American Egg and Poultry Review
American Poultry Advocate
American Poultry Journal
Boston Globe
Chicago Tribune
Des Moines Register
Farm Journal
Farm Quarterly
Feedstuffs
Godey’s Lady’s Book
Meat and Live Stock Digest
Milwaukee Sentinel
National Hog Farmer
National Provisioner
New York Produce Review and American Creamery
New York Times
Poultry Science
Reliable Poultry Journal
Successful Farming
Wallaces Farmer
Wall Street Journal
Washington Post
OTHER PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES
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———. “Sustainability and Sustenance: The Politics of Sustainable Agriculture and Community Food Security.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California–Santa Cruz, 1998.
———. Together at the Table: Sustainability and Sustenance in the American Agrifood System. The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004.
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———. Industrializing the Corn Belt: Agriculture, Technology, and Environment, 1945–1972. Northern Illinois University Press, 2009.
———. “Lard to Lean: Making the Meat-Type Hog in Post-World War II America.” In Food Chains: From Farmyard to
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Anderson, Virginia DeJohn. Creatures of Empire: How Domestic Animals Transformed Early America. Oxford University Press, 2004.
Apple, Rima D. Vitamania: Vitamins in American Culture. Rutgers University Press, 1996.
Appleby, Joyce. “Commercial Farming and the ‘Agrarian Myth’ in the Early Republic.” Journal of American History 68 (March 1982): 833–49.
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Aronson, Naomi. “Nutrition as a Social Problem: A Case Study of Entrepreneurial Strategy in Science.” Social Problems 29, no. 5 (June 1982): 474–87.
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Atkinson, Eva Lash. “Kansas City’s Livestock Trade and Packing Industry, 1870–1914: A Study in Regional Growth.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kansas, 1971.
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Baker, Andrew H., and Holly V. Izard. “New England Farmers and the Marketplace, 1780–1865: A Case Study.” Agricultural History 65 (Summer 1991): 29–52.
Baker, Andrew H., and Holly Izard Paterson. “Farmers’ Adaptations to Market in Early-Nineteenth-Century Massachusetts.” In The Farm; The Dublin Seminar for New England Folklife: Annual Proceedings 1986, edited by Peter Benes, Jane Montague Benes, and Ross W. Beales. Boston University, 1988.
Barham, Mary Elizabeth. “Sustainable Agriculture in the United States and France: A Polanyian Perspective.” Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, 1999.
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Belasco, Warren J. Appetite for Change: How the Counterculture Took On the Food Industry. 2d ed. Cornell University Press, 2007.
———. Meals to Come: A History of the Future of Food. University of California Press, 2006.
Belasco, Warren, and Roger Horowitz, eds. Food Chains: From Farmyard to Shopping Cart. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009.
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———. Cultivating Congress: Constituents, Issues, and Interests in Agricultural Policymaking. University Press of Kansas, 1995.
———. Private Interests, Public Policy, and American Agriculture. University Press of Kansas, 1988.
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